{"title":"利用航拍图像量化曼哈顿的降温需求","authors":"Florian Barth , Kathrin Menberg , Matthias Sulzer , Philipp Blum","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116526","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooling demand accounts for a significant share of worldwide electricity consumption, with space cooling being responsible for about 10 % of global electricity consumption, and process cooling making up for 4 % of electricity consumption in the European Union. To implement more efficient district-scale solutions for coupled heating, cooling and thermal storage, spatial information on cooling demand is essential. In this study, a method to quantify installed cooling capacities and cooling demands on building, district and city scale is presented and applied to Manhattan, New York City (NYC). Therefore, heat rejection units of cooling systems are detected in aerial images using deep learning. The cooling capacity of the systems is quantified using a regression model based on visual characteristics of the heat rejection units. The annual operating time is estimated based on building type to calculate the cooling demand. Furthermore, the cooling-related electricity consumption is quantified using energy efficiency ratios and through Monte Carlo simulation to assess the uncertainties of all parameters on different scales. In Manhattan, a total installed cooling capacity of 10.6 ± 0.2<!--> <!-->GW, a cooling demand of 10.0 ± 0.2<!--> <!-->TWh/a and a cooling-related electricity consumption of 2.82 ± 0.05<!--> <!-->TWh/a is quantified. Most of the cooling demand is concentrated in Midtown and the Financial District, with the largest cold consumers being public buildings such as universities and hospitals. Midtown and the Financial District’s cooling demands are 171 % and 175 % of the estimated heating demands, respectively. This indicates a high potential for coupled heating and cooling, for example, in the form of seasonal thermal energy storage, especially in and around the named areas in Manhattan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 116526"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Quantifying the cooling demand of Manhattan using aerial images\",\"authors\":\"Florian Barth , Kathrin Menberg , Matthias Sulzer , Philipp Blum\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116526\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Cooling demand accounts for a significant share of worldwide electricity consumption, with space cooling being responsible for about 10 % of global electricity consumption, and process cooling making up for 4 % of electricity consumption in the European Union. To implement more efficient district-scale solutions for coupled heating, cooling and thermal storage, spatial information on cooling demand is essential. In this study, a method to quantify installed cooling capacities and cooling demands on building, district and city scale is presented and applied to Manhattan, New York City (NYC). Therefore, heat rejection units of cooling systems are detected in aerial images using deep learning. The cooling capacity of the systems is quantified using a regression model based on visual characteristics of the heat rejection units. The annual operating time is estimated based on building type to calculate the cooling demand. Furthermore, the cooling-related electricity consumption is quantified using energy efficiency ratios and through Monte Carlo simulation to assess the uncertainties of all parameters on different scales. In Manhattan, a total installed cooling capacity of 10.6 ± 0.2<!--> <!-->GW, a cooling demand of 10.0 ± 0.2<!--> <!-->TWh/a and a cooling-related electricity consumption of 2.82 ± 0.05<!--> <!-->TWh/a is quantified. Most of the cooling demand is concentrated in Midtown and the Financial District, with the largest cold consumers being public buildings such as universities and hospitals. Midtown and the Financial District’s cooling demands are 171 % and 175 % of the estimated heating demands, respectively. This indicates a high potential for coupled heating and cooling, for example, in the form of seasonal thermal energy storage, especially in and around the named areas in Manhattan.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11641,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Energy and Buildings\",\"volume\":\"349 \",\"pages\":\"Article 116526\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Energy and Buildings\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778825012563\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy and Buildings","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778825012563","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantifying the cooling demand of Manhattan using aerial images
Cooling demand accounts for a significant share of worldwide electricity consumption, with space cooling being responsible for about 10 % of global electricity consumption, and process cooling making up for 4 % of electricity consumption in the European Union. To implement more efficient district-scale solutions for coupled heating, cooling and thermal storage, spatial information on cooling demand is essential. In this study, a method to quantify installed cooling capacities and cooling demands on building, district and city scale is presented and applied to Manhattan, New York City (NYC). Therefore, heat rejection units of cooling systems are detected in aerial images using deep learning. The cooling capacity of the systems is quantified using a regression model based on visual characteristics of the heat rejection units. The annual operating time is estimated based on building type to calculate the cooling demand. Furthermore, the cooling-related electricity consumption is quantified using energy efficiency ratios and through Monte Carlo simulation to assess the uncertainties of all parameters on different scales. In Manhattan, a total installed cooling capacity of 10.6 ± 0.2 GW, a cooling demand of 10.0 ± 0.2 TWh/a and a cooling-related electricity consumption of 2.82 ± 0.05 TWh/a is quantified. Most of the cooling demand is concentrated in Midtown and the Financial District, with the largest cold consumers being public buildings such as universities and hospitals. Midtown and the Financial District’s cooling demands are 171 % and 175 % of the estimated heating demands, respectively. This indicates a high potential for coupled heating and cooling, for example, in the form of seasonal thermal energy storage, especially in and around the named areas in Manhattan.
期刊介绍:
An international journal devoted to investigations of energy use and efficiency in buildings
Energy and Buildings is an international journal publishing articles with explicit links to energy use in buildings. The aim is to present new research results, and new proven practice aimed at reducing the energy needs of a building and improving indoor environment quality.