Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"Energy efficiency analysis and life cycle assessment of a biosafety level 4 laboratory","authors":"Ruiwen Zou ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahong Guo ,&nbsp;Xiding Zeng ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Zhangyu Li ,&nbsp;Xuhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the global threat of infectious diseases has prompted countries to increase the construction of high-level biosafety laboratories (BSLs). However, the high energy consumption in the operation of biosafety laboratories leads to their low utilization rate. In this study, a biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory in Southwest China was used for energy optimization while ensuring safety. It was found that the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in a BSL-4 laboratory consumes 4.3 times more energy than in a standard office. Energy savings of 36 % and 35 % could be achieved by reducing the number of air changes and performing heat recovery of exhaust gases, respectively. In addition, a complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model was developed and it was found that the operational stage had the highest environmental impact of 48 %. As a result, it was proposed to perform a high-low interaction strategy that saves 25 %–28 % of energy and reduces carbon emissions by 24–27 tons per year; after optimizing renewable energy sources, the energy payback time and greenhouse gas payback time of the BSL-4 laboratory are 9.2 and 6.1 years, respectively. The study’s life cycle assessment modeling and recommended energy savings scenarios contribute to efficient energy design and operation at BSL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116096"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing cooling load assessment in solar-intensive climates: A ΔT-based solar-air temperature approach for enhanced free cooling modeling","authors":"Ali Keçebaş ,&nbsp;Mustafa Ertürk","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel solar-air temperature (T_sa)-driven framework to enhance the conventional Cooling Degree Hour (CDH) method for accurately assessing cooling demand and free cooling potential in high solar irradiance regions. Unlike standard CDH models that rely solely on ambient temperature and thus underestimate cooling loads, the proposed model incorporates T_sa, a composite parameter that integrates solar radiation, sky temperature, surface emissivity, and absorptivity, capturing both convective and radiative effects. A ΔT-based sky classification algorithm was developed using 31 years of hourly meteorological data for Muğla, Turkey, to dynamically estimate sky temperatures under varying cloud conditions. The study systematically investigates three indoor setpoint temperatures (18 °C, 22 °C, 26 °C) and multiple emissivity scenarios to quantify mechanical and free cooling demands. The results reveal that using T_sa instead of ambient temperature can increase the calculated CDH by up to 12 °C during peak summer midday, exposing the limitations of traditional models. At a setpoint of 26 °C and emissivity ε = 0.9, mechanical cooling demand drops by over 30 %, and annual free cooling hours exceed 61,000 °C·h. Even at lower setpoints (18 °C, 22 °C), considerable nighttime and shoulder-season free cooling potential was observed. This hybrid approach bridges empirical simplicity and physical realism, offering a scalable, low-data solution for early design decisions and policy applications. By addressing a key research gap, the exclusion of radiative gains in simplified cooling models, this study provides a climate-responsive methodology to advance sustainable building cooling strategies, especially in Mediterranean and solar-intensive climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116095"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User-friendly AI-driven automation for rapid building energy model generation","authors":"Mo ElSayed,&nbsp;Justin Shultz,&nbsp;Jill Kurtz","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the ever-increasing energy efficiency and decarbonization targets mandated by building energy codes, the frequent use of building energy models (BEMs) has become essential. These models must iterate in parallel with the design development process, analyzing various variables to inform decisions and achieve optimal results and meet project goals. However, the complexity, expertise, and time-intensive nature of traditional BEMs often fail to match the fast pace of design development, which is often supercharged by computational design tools and value engineering. This study proposes an innovative framework that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to automate EnergyPlus and Radiance energy and daylight modeling tasks, seamlessly integrating them with existing parametric design workflows. This integration enables rapid iteration without incurring time penalties. The framework introduces precise preconditioning of an affordable general use pre-trained large language model (LLM) to translate natural language descriptions or images (text-to-text and image-to-text) of buildings into corresponding model parameters—such as geometry, function, loads, and materials, etc.—leveraging ASHRAE 90.1/ IECC libraries. These models are then processed using the Honeybee/Ladybug open-source tools. The framework’s robustness is validated through a series of tests involving various prompts and images, achieving a 100% convergence rate. It reduces the time spent by expert energy modelers and helps address key challenges in AI integration, such as data quality, interpretability, code compliance, and scalability by realizing rapid batch processing and urban-scale building energy modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid multi-agent distributed optimal control strategy of multizone VAV systems for edge computing in smart buildings","authors":"Shanrui Shi,&nbsp;Shohei Miyata,&nbsp;Yasunori Akashi","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-agent-based distributed optimal control can effectively balance indoor environmental quality and energy consumption in multizone variable air volume (VAV) systems, while reducing computational load and enhancing scalability. However, existing methods often optimize airflow setpoints without fully addressing the coupled dynamics in multizone VAV systems and frequently rely on simplified models. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid multiagent distributed control strategy that directly optimizes actuators by jointly considering indoor air temperature, CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> concentration, and energy use. The strategy decomposes the optimization problem into subproblems assigned to zone-level and system-level agents. Each zone agent employs a metaheuristic-based framework for damper control, coordinated through a Nash equilibrium-based scheme. Meanwhile, a model-free system agent dynamically adjusts the supply fan and the outdoor air damper. Two test cases with different occupancy patterns are evaluated in a virtual testbed. Results show that under normal occupancy conditions, the distributed strategy performs comparably to the centralized controller, whereas under unbalanced occupant distributions, it outperforms the centralized approach in both indoor climate management and energy efficiency. In both cases, the average computational load is reduced by more than 80 % relative to the centralized method. Additionally, the proposed strategy offers a tunable trade-off between computational complexity and control performance, making it suitable for resource-constrained edge devices. By leveraging advancing edge-computing capabilities, this hybrid multiagent approach provides an effective and decentralized solution for multizone VAV control in smart building systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116089"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of energy simulations for multi-family residences with photovoltaic power and gas cogeneration: Case study on balancing energy efficiency and resident health","authors":"Hikari Harasaki ,&nbsp;Kan Shindo ,&nbsp;Shin-ichi Tanabe ,&nbsp;Toru Shiba ,&nbsp;Shun Kawakubo ,&nbsp;Takashi Akimoto ,&nbsp;Toshiharu Ikaga","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Japan, the energy consumption of the residential sector is significantly high. Therefore, insulation retrofitting and behavioral changes have become critical to enhance energy efficiency. Although several studies have examined these factors, they have focused on standard dwelling units and generalized lifestyle patterns.</div><div>This study investigated, through simulations, the impacts of thermal insulation performance and lifestyle behavior on energy consumption, health, and economic efficiency of an actual Zero Energy House (ZEH)-certified dwelling installed with a dual-generation system combining photovoltaic panels and a solid oxide fuel cell. The simulation model was validated using energy consumption and indoor temperature data from the winter of 2024; resident interviews were also incorporated to reflect their behavior.</div><div>Results showed that the primary energy consumption exceeded the ZEH design values, mainly owing to higher-than-expected lighting and gas consumption. Lighting was used in unoccupied rooms, and water heating was frequently used. Operating floor heating systems for only approximately 3 h per day was sufficient to maintain indoor temperatures above 18 °C, the WHO-recommended minimum in winter. Regarding the building envelope performance, residents’ morning blood pressure was estimated at 127.5 mmHg; however, a lower thermal insulation performance resulted in an increase in blood pressure to 137.6 mmHg, exceeding the 135 mmHg threshold, indicating potential health risks.</div><div>Behavioral optimizations, such as controlling the use of unnecessary lighting, high-efficiency appliances, and water heating systems, reduce energy consumption by 15% and improved economic efficiency by 33%, without compromising health. Moreover, even when operating 24-hr floor heating, these behavioral optimizations contribute toward reducing energy consumption by 11% and improving economic efficiency by 25%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on thermal sensation and physiological parameter changes under the interaction of environmental temperature and taste","authors":"Li Tong,&nbsp;Mingzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Songtao Hu,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal environment is a crucial part of the indoor environment and can exert influences on people’s thermal sensation as well as emotional changes. Taste, being a significant physiological sensation of the human body, also has an impact on human physiology and psychology. However, there is no clear conclusion on whether different tastes have different effects on thermal sensation at different environmental temperatures. This study aims to investigate the interaction between various environmental temperatures and tastes which has an impact on the changes in human thermal sensation and physiological parameters. Thirty subjects were selected for the experiment, where data such as subjective questionnaires, average skin temperature, core temperature and heart rate were collected. Three environmental temperatures (18°C, 22°C, 26°C) and five tastes (tasteless, salty, sweet, sour and bitter) were set. The results indicated that sweet taste enhanced human thermal sensation in cooler and neutral environments, whereas sour taste diminished it in warmer and neutral environments. Salty and bitter tastes did not affect thermal sensation. In the case of different environmental temperatures, the core temperature of the same taste decreased, the average skin temperature and heart rate increased as the environmental temperature rose. There was basically no variation in each objective parameter of different tastes at the same environmental temperature. This study not only complements the existing research in the related field concerning the influence of taste on human thermal sensation, but also furnishes a scientific foundation for creating a comfortable and healthy environment for humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RCSGAN: Residual feature cycle semi-generative adversarial network for chillers fault diagnosis under extremely scarce labeled data","authors":"Xuejin Gao ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Huayun Han ,&nbsp;Huihui Gao ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fault diagnosis of chillers is of significant importance for equipment maintenance and energy saving. Semi-supervised learning based methods alleviate the model’s rigid dependence on labeled data by learning from the information contained in a large amount of unlabeled data. However, the dynamic coupling characteristics and multi-fault severity levels of chillers result in poor inter-class separability of their data in low dimensional space, making existing models struggle to extract sufficient information from unlabeled data, and their performance tends to rely heavily on the number of labeled samples. Therefore, a fault diagnosis method based on residual feature cycle semi-generative adversarial network (RCSGAN) is proposed. This method enhances the inter-class separability by extracting residual features, allowing the model to mine more effective information from unlabeled data. Additionally, a cyclic training strategy combined with a novel pseudo-label selection method is proposed to further reduce the model’s reliance on the quantity of labeled data. Experimental results on the ASHRAE Research Project 1043 (RP-1043) dataset and real datasets show that the proposed method still achieves good fault diagnosis performance even in scenarios with extremely scarce labeled data. With only one labeled sample per category, RCSGAN improves the fault diagnosis accuracy by 26.16% compared with the current advanced methods on the RP-1043 dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116085"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking Danish, Estonian and Finnish NZEB requirements with European Commission recommendations in residential and office buildings","authors":"Raimo Simson ,&nbsp;Kirsten Engelund Thomsen ,&nbsp;Kim Bjarne Wittchen ,&nbsp;Jarek Kurnitski","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comparing building energy performance across countries is challenging due to varying climatic conditions, calculation methods, primary energy (PE) factors, and input data discrepancies. This study systematically compares nearly zero-energy building (NZEB) requirements and energy calculation methodologies between Denmark, Finland, and Estonia, using a new office building, an apartment building, and a single-family house—each designed to comply with the respective national NZEB requirements. To account for climatic differences, a heating-degree-days correction factor was applied to thermal transmittance values of building envelope components. NZEB requirements of each country were then compared against the European Commission (EC) recommended values (EU 2016/1318) through normalization and benchmarking, employing detailed dynamic simulations. Both national and standardized (EN 16798–1:2019) input data was used with country-specific climate. In the benchmarking analysis, simulated primary energy performances were evaluated against EC NZEB thresholds, and the on-site renewable energy generation required to meet these targets was quantified. Results show that Estonian NZEB align with EC recommendations for Nordic climates, but EC Oceanic benchmarks were unmet even when Estonian configuration were applied to Danish climate indicating that the Oceanic benchmark is more ambitious than Nordic. Danish and Estonian national NZEB PE thresholds for office buildings showed a gap of 7% and 23%, respectively, to meet EC recommendations. However, the case study office building, surpassing Estonian NZEB standards, met both Nordic and Oceanic EC benchmarks. Finnish NZEB requirements were readily met by the case study buildings, highlighting that Finnish NZEB thresholds are currently less stringent compared to those of Denmark, Estonia, and the EC recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal comfort in mixed-mode cooled houses: A field study in the hot-humid climate of Danang, Vietnam","authors":"Dung Le ,&nbsp;Ineko Tanaka ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ryogo Mayama","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural ventilation is an essential efficient energy strategy for cooling in hot and humid tropical regions. In Vietnam, however, increasing living standards led to a significant rise in the use of air conditioners in housing, resulting in elevated energy consumption. Typically, natural ventilation and fans serve as the primary cooling method throughout the house, while air conditioners—mainly installed in bedrooms—are used only when residents are present and feel hot. Although this mixed-mode cooling method has gained popularity, the indoor thermal environment remains underexplored within the context of Vietnam’s thermal environment. This paper presents the results of an investigation into indoor thermal conditions and residents’ sensations under mixed-mode cooled environments in humid tropical Danang, Vietnam. The study encompasses both air-conditioned and naturally ventilated spaces for a comprehensive comparison. Measurements on environmental parameters and a survey on thermal sensation were conducted among 60 households in Danang from August − October 2022 and June – August 2023. Despite being in a coastal area, the houses were poorly ventilated, and indoor temperatures were often higher than outdoor temperatures. However, most residents reported satisfaction with their indoor conditions. The PMV index was found ineffective in predicting the thermal sensation of houses utilizing a mixed-mode cooling approach. A small group of respondents may have adjusted their expectations to accommodate their actual indoor thermal environment. The study provides insight into indoor thermal conditions and residents’ sensations in the context of Danang housing for further energy-saving initiatives and home thermal comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116091"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiative property tests of cooling coatings: A round robin campaign","authors":"Yue He ,&nbsp;Biao Lu ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhi ,&nbsp;Huibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Yu ,&nbsp;Yanghua Lu ,&nbsp;Rongbing Wan ,&nbsp;Lixin Sun ,&nbsp;Hanyu Yang ,&nbsp;Quan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Ziqi Wang ,&nbsp;Wenli Xia ,&nbsp;Peng Ren ,&nbsp;Huijun Mao ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Shuoyan Wang ,&nbsp;Chi Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling is an emerging technology for scenarios requiring space cooling. Radiative property tests of cooling materials are critical for evaluating the cooling performance and energy-saving potential. However, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of the impact of laboratory qualifications on testing results. This study reported a round robin campaign initiated by Chongqing University (China) and participated by seven other academic institutes. In this campaign, six cooling coatings were selected as target materials. The radiative properties — shortwave reflectivity, hemispherical emissivity and atmospheric window emissivity — of the coatings were tested. Based on the testing results, material errors, repeatability errors and reproducibility errors were analyzed. The results revealed that there were certain differences in the radiative properties of the coatings due to their inherent properties. In general, different coatings exhibited varying material errors (0.01%–2.66%), which, although small, were challenging to eliminate. Meanwhile, the radiative property tests showed excellent repeatability, with repeatability errors below 1.00%, confirming that the tests themselves were reliable under proper control. However, significant differences between laboratories (reproducibility errors ranging from 2.03% to 7.40%) suggested that differences in instrument models and operators could lead to significant deviations in the results. This, in turn, severely affected the evaluation accuracy of the coatings’ cooling performance. Therefore, stricter and more detailed protocols are needed to improve the reproducibility for radiative property tests of the coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}