Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"A real scene 3D Model-Driven sunlight analysis method for complex building roofs","authors":"Jinghai Xu ,&nbsp;Mengxuan Qi ,&nbsp;Haoran Jing ,&nbsp;Craig Hancock ,&nbsp;Peng Qiao ,&nbsp;Nan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A real-scene 3D model of complex buildings, derived from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surveys, can significantly improve the accuracy of sunlight analysis for the arrangement of photovoltaic panels. We propose a method for sunlight analysis of complex building roofs driven by the real-scene 3D model, which includes generating and optimizing the 3D model and a parameterized sunlight analysis algorithm. The generation and optimization method involves: reducing the number of model meshes by selecting a lower level of detail and proposing a mesh simplification algorithm to simplify the model; reconstructing the structure of the model meshes to smooth them and solve the pseudo-occlusion problems caused by the model’s triangular structures by transforming triangular meshes into quadrilateral meshes; improving the accuracy of the obstacles’ 3D models on the roof by completing high-precision obstacle modeling and superimposing it on the simplified model. Subsequently, a parameterized sunlight analysis algorithm suited to the optimized 3D model is presented based on the Grasshopper parameterized software platform. We design a complete set of sunlight analysis algorithm programs by exploring the geographical location, time range, time step, and other parameters of the real-scene 3D model. Finally, the method’s feasibility is verified through a case study of a complex building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115051"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETHOS.ActivityAssure—An open-source validation framework for synthetic European activity profiles","authors":"David Neuroth, Noah Pflugradt, Jann Michael Weinand, Christina Büsing, Detlef Stolten","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115036","url":null,"abstract":"The simulation of human behavior is an essential component in the domain of energy demand modeling. However, due to its diverse nature, it is often unclear whether a simulated behavior pattern is fitting to certain contexts. Combined with the poor availability of appropriate activity data, this makes proper validation of behavior models difficult. Existing validation approaches are limited and specialized to the respective use case, and are therefore not reusable or comparable. To address this issue, the new open-source framework ETHOS.ActivityAssure is presented for evaluation of generated activity profiles, supporting the validation of behavior models. For this purpose, an aggregated activity dataset is created from restricted European time use data and published to ensure reusability. Validation is conducted through a set of indicators and comparative plots, taking into account activity duration, frequency, and time. A categorization of person types and activities enables mapping to result categories commonly used in behavior models. The framework's capabilities are demonstrated on the residential demand model LoadProfileGenerator. The developed framework allows for consistent and reproducible validation of synthetic activity profiles targeting Europe, without requiring access to confidential data. This offers the opportunity to enhance both new and existing behavior models by identifying flaws, compare multiple modeling approaches, and thoroughly evaluate model quality for diverse target purposes.","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic MPC-based energy management system for integrating solar PV, battery storage, and EV charging in residential complexes","authors":"M.I. Saleem,&nbsp;S. Saha,&nbsp;U. Izhar,&nbsp;L. Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC)-based energy management system (EMS) for residential complexes with integrated solar photovoltaics (PV), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The EMS coordinates BESS operations, integrating solar generation, residential load demand, and EV charging. It optimizes BESS charging/discharging based on solar power, load demands, electricity pricing, and feed-in tariffs over a finite horizon, while considering uncertainties through multiple scenarios of load and EV charging demand, as well as solar generation. By accounting for battery degradation, cost savings, and revenue from energy transactions, the proposed EMS enhances BESS longevity and profitability. The EMS also manages reactive power provision from the BESS inverter, ensuring voltage stability in the presence of uncertainties. Extensive case studies on Matlab Simscape Electrical and real-time validation on the OPAL-RT simulator demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SMPC-based EMS in optimizing energy use, operational efficiency, and economic returns, contributing significantly to the sustainable energy management of the residential complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 114993"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on effect of an active solar heating soil heat storage system on the thermal environment in Gobi solar greenhouses","authors":"Jing Zhao ,&nbsp;Foping Chen ,&nbsp;Yingmei Wang ,&nbsp;Kezhen Wang ,&nbsp;Xueli Zhai ,&nbsp;Dong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study proposes an innovative active solar heating soil heat storage system to enhance the thermal environment of Gobi solar greenhouses (GSGs) and address the issue of uneven heat distribution. This system utilizes Gobi gravel soil as a heat storage medium, combining solar flat plate collectors and horizontal buried pipes at a depth of 0.15 m. To validate the system’s practical efficacy, an 80-day field experiment was conducted in Jiuquan City, located in the northwest Gobi region of China. The experiment focused on investigating the impact of soil heat storage on the temporal and spatial distribution of air and soil temperatures within the greenhouse, as well as assessing the system’s environmental and economic benefits. The results demonstrated that the system exhibited outstanding performance, with an average heat collection efficiency exceeding 56.96 % and a daily average heat storage amount of 132.13 kWh. Compared to the contrast greenhouse, the experimental greenhouse showed an increase in nighttime average air temperatures of 4.9 °C, 3.9 °C, and 3.6 °C on typical sunny, cloudy, and snowy days, respectively. The average surface soil temperatures increased correspondingly by 6.5 °C, 4.8 °C, and 4.5 °C. And the effective accumulated temperature increased by 40 %. Furthermore, the system significantly improved the uniformity of indoor temperature distribution. During nighttime heat release, the maximum temperature difference in the air, both span and vertically, did not exceed 0.8 °C; the maximum soil temperature differences in the span and length directions were no greater than 0.3 °C and 1.8 °C, respectively. During the daytime heat storage process, the maximum soil temperature differences in the span and length directions were no more than 0.4 °C and 1.7 °C, respectively. This study of the active solar soil heat storage system demonstrates significant application effects in improving the thermal environment of GSGs, with substantial environmental and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115055"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing graphite-enhanced composite PCMs for superior thermal transport in shell and tube latent heat storage systems","authors":"Amit Shrivastava,&nbsp;Narender Kumar,&nbsp;Prodyut R. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems are designed to store excess thermal energy, addressing supply-demand mismatches during periods of low supply. Integrating such systems in the field is challenging due to the slow charging caused by the low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCM). This shortfall can be mitigated using composite PCM (CPCM) as the thermal storage medium, consisting of form-stable porous graphite foam impregnated with PCM. Compressed expanded graphite (CEG) is one such easily accessible form-stable porous material. The graphite foam in the CPCM causes a significant improvement in the effective thermal conductivity of the storage medium; however, it causes reduced latent heat storage capacity. Existing literature on CPCM mainly emphasizes positive aspects like enhanced thermal conductivity and reduced melting time while overlooking the adverse impact on latent heat storage capacity. This trade-off must be addressed while designing such a system, particularly when the storage unit is of fixed size and shape. This study aims to find the optimal volumetric proportion of CEG in CPCM, striking the best balance between these two conflicting attributes. Objective parameters such as energy storage ratio (<em>ESR</em>) and capacity ratio (<em>CR</em>) are introduced, along with charging duration, and they are optimized based on control parameters like CEG foam porosity (<em>ε</em>), HTF inlet temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), and flow Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>). The analysis, obtained from a volume-averaged numerical model, involves diffusion-dominated energy transfer in the CPCM domain and provides crucial design guidelines for fixed-geometry LHTES units with CPCM as the storage medium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115008"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of supervised and unsupervised learning for enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort in air conditioning scheduling under uncertain and dynamic environments","authors":"Minseo Kim,&nbsp;Soongeol Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air conditioning (AC) plays a major role in building energy management because it generally requires a large amount of energy to maintain indoor thermal comfort. The main objective of this study is to develop a novel method for scheduling AC operations to minimize energy costs and ensure the thermal comfort of occupants under uncertainty. The key challenge is the uncertainty and variability in time-series data and their serial dependence in determining AC operation. To address this challenge, we propose an optimization-informed learning approach that integrates unsupervised and supervised learning techniques with a stochastic optimization model. This method derives energy-efficient and thermal comfort-aware AC operation schedules through a comprehensive interpretation of uncertainties and variabilities in time-series data. Numerical experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can reduce energy costs by up to 15.6% and decrease thermal comfort violations by up to 63.6% compared to the Deep Q-learning method, while also reducing energy costs by 1.8% and decreasing thermal comfort violations by 37.5% compared to the forecast data-driven AC scheduling method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size effect of typical hygrothermal properties test values for building insulation materials","authors":"Wen Yang ,&nbsp;Guanjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Wen ,&nbsp;Chengyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiaping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal and moisture properties of building insulation materials are crucial input parameters for analyzing thermal and moisture transfer phenomena in building environments. Accurate determination of these parameters under different conditions is essential for the correct application and assessment of materials and envelope structures. However, numerous factors influence thermal and moisture properties, and while extensive research has been conducted on this topic, the effects of specimen size on typical thermal and moisture property test values remain unclear. To address the issue of unreliable data caused by random specimen sizes in thermal and moisture property testing of building insulation materials, this study selects three materials—expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), and foamed cement—as test subjects to explore the size effects on typical thermal and moisture property test values. The results indicate that specimen size significantly affects the test values for typical thermal and moisture properties, with only a few experiments showing negligible size effects for certain materials. For foamed cement, recommended specimen sizes for thermal conductivity testing using the guarded hot plate method and the transient plane source method are 300 × 300 × 30 mm and 50 × 50 × 30 mm, respectively. Except for equilibrium moisture absorption experiments, the weight of other moisture property tests is generally represented by thickness &gt; planar dimensions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115049"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cementitious core–shell particles with optimized radiative and anti-wetting properties for efficient and durable passive building cooling","authors":"Xiantong Yan ,&nbsp;Shirui Peng ,&nbsp;Meng Yang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Duan ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a building-compatible radiative cooler that exhibits an all-day subambient cooling effect and maintains a clean surface for long-term stability is challenging. This study proposes a liquid marble-derived core–shell particle (LM-CSP) that combines excellent anti-wetting capability, efficient and durable daytime radiative cooling properties, and compatibility with building materials. A series of LM-CSP coated samples were fabricated with varying dosages of BaSO₄ and water-repellent agents, as well as different coating thicknesses. Comprehensive characterization of the as-prepared samples revealed that the optimal LM-CSP exhibited a solar reflectance of 91 % with a mid-infrared emissivity of 0.97 and a water contact angle of ∼151.9° with a roll-off angle of ∼7.8°, respectively. In-depth analyses using XRD, FT-IR, TGA/DTG, and XPS elucidated the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced optical and wetting properties of the LM-CSP. The exceptional durability of the LM-CSP was validated by its subambient cooling effects after being contaminated with muddy slurry (subambient temperature drop of ∼5.4 °C) and after being rain-washed (subambient temperature drop of ∼2.1 °C). EnergyPlus simulations were employed to assess the year-round energy-saving potential of the LM-CSP, and a life-cycle economic and environmental analysis was performed to guide the practical application. The findings of this study are expected to provide new insights into functional cementitious materials with efficient and durable cooling capabilities, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable building design and energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115045"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation method and enhanced strategy for frosting suppression performance of variable speed air source heat pump based on frosting suppression performance map","authors":"Yao Lin ,&nbsp;Jianfei Luo ,&nbsp;Qing Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuying Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well established that the configuration and operation of variable speed air source heat pumps (VS ASHPs) can significantly influence their frosting performance. However, there is currently no effective method to conveniently and accurately evaluate the frosting suppression performance of these units. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a novel evaluation method based on a frosting suppression map for VS ASHPs. Firstly, an experimental setup with four ASHP units and developed frosting suppression maps is described. Second, a method for evaluating the frosting suppression performance of VS ASHP is developed based on the map. Thirdly, a comprehensive evaluation of the frosting suppression performance of the experimental unit is carried out. It is shown that the <em>β</em> values of the four units under the constitutive configuration were 0.74, 0.12, 0.21, and 0.52, and the frosting suppression performance was evaluated as Good, Poor, Fair, and Average, respectively. It could be enhanced and improved to 0.89 (Excellent), 0.24 (Fair), 0.64 (Good), and 0.63 (Good) after applying the frosting suppression operation method. The proposed novel frosting suppression evaluation method is simple and easy to implement, which could contribute to further guiding manufacturers to improve the frosting suppression performance of VS ASHPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115047"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating urban heat island effects using trees in planters with varied crown shapes","authors":"Ivana Bajšanski ,&nbsp;Stevan Savić ,&nbsp;Jelena Dunjić ,&nbsp;Dragan Milošević ,&nbsp;Vesna Stojaković ,&nbsp;Bojan Tepavčević","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban downtown areas are often overheated and contribute to the creation of urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Implementation of trees is considered an effective way to mitigate UHI and improve outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) in densely built-up areas.</div><div>This study aims to investigate the potential of applying additional trees in planters to mitigate UHI effects and improve OTC in open urban areas. Simulation of OTC is performed for hot summer days using Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). In this study, we have devised a method to determine favourable locations for a predetermined number of additional trees, with different crown shapes (cylinder, sphere and cone), to improve OTC conditions. In the proposed method, an evolutionary algorithm based on natural selection was used as it is effective for solving problems that have a large number of combinations. The method considers the geometry of the built environment, the geometry, locations and number of additional trees, weather data and UTCI simulation.</div><div>The method was applied to three different urban morphologies located in the downtown of Novi Sad, Serbia. The results show that, depending on urban geometries and morphologies, different crown shapes lead to different UTCI reduction. Cylinder-shaped and sphere-shaped tree crowns showed to be the most effective in reducing heat stress. The positioning of additional trees reduced the UTCI values at single manikin locations by up to 6.11 °C, indicating that the process of determining their locations is crucial for mitigating the heat and improving OTC conditions during hot summer days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115034"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}