Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"Performance of photovoltaic thermal–ground source heat pump with a phase change water tank","authors":"Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Mengwei Liu ,&nbsp;Songtao Hu ,&nbsp;Wenliang Guo ,&nbsp;Xianfei Liu ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaowen Deng ,&nbsp;Jicheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address soil heat imbalance and seasonal energy efficiency degradation in photovoltaic/thermal-integrated ground source heat pump (PVT-GSHP) systems, this study proposes a five-mode dynamically switching PVT-GSHP system coupled with a water tank containing a phase change material (PCM). An office building in Zhengzhou is studied to develop a multi-mode simulation model incorporating heating, cooling, energy storage, auxiliary heating, and soil heat recharge modes through temperature differences and seasonal control. The performance of the PVT-GSHP system is evaluated by examining the effects of the PCM water tank on efficiency, power generation, energy consumption, and soil temperature. Additionally, the influences of the PVT collector area, water tank volume, buried pipe length, and installation inclination angle on energy consumption and power generation are analyzed. The PVT-GSHP system without PCM increased soil temperature by 42.60 % after 10 years of operation, whereas the coupled PCM system increased it by only 7.92 %, reducing the risk of soil thermal imbalance and proving its long-term operational stability. The introduction of the PCM tank also optimised the system’s energy efficiency, reducing the total annual energy consumption and lowering the heat pump COP decay rate by 51 %, while boosting the energy output by 231369.55 kW·h over 10 years. The PVT area is increased to 240 m² when the system becomes electrically self-sustaining, significantly improved energy matching during the winter heating season. A buried pipe length of 150 m reduces energy consumption by 12.3 % while limiting soil temperature fluctuations to 1.53 °C. The maximum power generation is achieved at an inclination angle of 30°, which is 5.2 % and 8.7 % higher than 15° and 75°, respectively. These findings provide a basis for mitigating seasonal energy efficiency degradation and soil heat imbalance in PVT-GSHP systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 115758"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation analysis on synergistic energy-saving effect of building envelope insulation and radiative cooling technology","authors":"Han Li ,&nbsp;Jingjing An ,&nbsp;Chuang Wang ,&nbsp;Da Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, radiative cooling materials (RCMs) have been investigated for application to the external surfaces of buildings, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the external surfaces through their spectral properties, or even make the temperature of the external surfaces lower than that of the internal surfaces. Several studies have evaluated the energy-saving potential of RCMs. However, they only focused on the energy-saving effects of RCMs with a single insulation property applied to the external surfaces of the envelope. There is an essential interaction between RCMs and the thermal insulation performance of the building envelope. This study focuses on the coupled relationship between these two energy-saving measures and proposes a systematic framework for analyzing the combined energy-saving effects of the two measures. Therefore, in this study, taking Guangzhou as an example, using DeST a simulation software embedded with an equivalent sky radiation temperature module, to accurately calculate the radiative heat transfer in different bands of RCMs. Based on the results of large-scale simulations of the simplified model and considering the internal heat density, air conditioning setting temperature, and building floor, this study demonstrated that with the application of RCMs to the external surfaces of the envelop, the thinner the insulation layer, the more profitable it is in terms of energy savings in some cases. The simulation results of the complex building model show that choosing the optimized combination of energy savings can lead to energy savings improvement of 2.88–4.86 kWh/m².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 115759"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal storage capacity for building photovoltaic-energy storage systems considering energy flexibility management","authors":"Yaling Wu ,&nbsp;Zhongbing Liu ,&nbsp;Benjia Li ,&nbsp;Haixia Liu ,&nbsp;Ruimiao Liu ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy storage plays a crucial role in addressing the mismatch between the energy supply of renewable energy generation and building demand and enhancing building energy flexibility. However, the specific requirement of building flexibility management is often neglected in the design of building storage systems, making it challenging to maintain economic efficiency when regulating building energy flexibility in operation. This study presents a capacity optimization model for building energy storage systems that incorporates the building energy flexibility requirement, measured by the load shifting capacity ratio (LSCR), to minimize the net present cost (NPC). The relationships between energy flexibility and cost-efficiency were analyzed for three systems: photovoltaic-battery energy storage (PV-BES), photovoltaic-thermal energy storage (PV-TES), and photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage (PV-HES). The results showed that the PV-HES system achieves the highest economic efficiency among the three systems across different LSCRs, and its NPC with the LSCR of 1 is 76% lower than that with the LSCR of 0.1. Furthermore, an analysis of the impacts of the peak-to-valley ratio for the time-of-use (TOU) tariff on storage capacity optimization for the PV-HES system demonstrates that the valley price ratio has a greater impact on the NPC than the peak price ratio for the PV-HES system. Also, it suggests that building energy flexibility can be managed by adjusting the peak-to-valley ratio of the TOU tariff. This study offers a new design method for building energy storage to promote effective energy flexibility management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115757"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From needs to control: a review of indicators and sensing technologies for occupant-centric smart lighting systems","authors":"Yuxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The light environment, a vital element of the built environment, profoundly influences occupants’ physical and mental well-being. Recent artificial intelligence advancements have given rise to the concept of smart lighting systems, which hold the potential to dynamically regulate indoor lighting to optimize visual and non-visual benefits. Existing research lacks an occupant-centric smart lighting indicator framework and fails to integrate advanced sensor technologies for indicator sensing, resulting in insufficient studies on intra-individual differences and a lack of foundational sensing systems. This paper reviews current research on occupant indicators in lighting systems and their sensing methods and significance. The occupant indicators can be divided into two categories: demand-side, which relates to visual and non-visual needs of occupants, and output decision, which relates to the required output of the lighting system. There are signals and sensors that can be shared among multiple indicators, with vision-based sensors and bioelectrical signals having the best universality. The study proposes a smart lighting indicator system framework that integrates occupant and environmental indicators, and further summarizes its current application approaches and potential future research directions. Future research should focus on the development of non-contact devices, such as vision-based sensors and nearable physiological signal sensors, addressing issues related to privacy and deployment convenience, while also validating their effectiveness in occupant indicator sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 115740"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IoT-based retrofit information diffusion in future smart communities","authors":"Lei Shu ,&nbsp;Dong Zhao ,&nbsp;Wanni Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Li ,&nbsp;Tianzhen Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community-scale building retrofits are not merely scaled-up versions of single-building retrofits. They involve complex challenges, such as reconciling individual interests with collective goals and managing the dynamic interplay between buildings through mechanisms like power grids and social connections. Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity holds the potential to leverage these interplays to balance individual and collective interests effectively in smart communities. One critical aspect of this interplay is information diffusion, which shapes how retrofit decisions spread among neighbors, influencing individual choices and ultimately impacting community-level retrofit outcomes. In other words, IoT-based smart devices automatically push tailored retrofit notifications to homeowners, which completely changes the format of information diffusion in the future. To investigate this influence by such information diffusion, the study used CityBES to simulate energy performance for different retrofits and applied an information diffusion model to analyze how decisions spread in a networked community of 192 buildings. The diffusion process was modeled on a weighted, directed network, capturing the dynamics of information flow and decision-making across 16 scenarios. Individual retrofit benefits were evaluated through payback years, while community-level retrofit outcomes were assessed using greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. The results demonstrate that easier information diffusion among neighbors encourages households to prioritize retrofit measures that align with the majority’s optimal choices, even at the expense of individual financial benefits. In this case, such collective prioritization enhanced community-level retrofit performance, increasing GHG emission reductions by up to 29.4 %. However, this improvement came with trade-offs, as the average payback period for households extended by approximately 1.74 years. These findings highlight the potential of IoT-based information diffusion in future smart communities to coordinate individual interests with collective goals, ultimately accelerating community-level building retrofits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115756"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective genetic optimization of embodied and operational energy and carbon impacts of buildings in current and future scenarios","authors":"Maryam Abbasi Kamazani,&nbsp;Manish K. Dixit,&nbsp;Sejal Sanjay Shanbhag","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change continues to pose significant challenges, redefining building design for enhanced lifecycle efficiency has become imperative. This paper investigates how different optimization objectives and varying climatic conditions shape optimal building configurations. This paper explores these performance objectives through an optimization framework that merges genetic algorithms with simulation techniques, leveraging the Energy Plus platform and incorporating embodied impact databases that include energy and carbon emission factors. This approach enables a comprehensive evaluation and optimization of operational and embodied energy, as well as carbon footprints. It also highlights the complexities of the energy-carbon relationship across different climate and energy scenarios. The methodology is applied to a representative office building model in two distinct optimization phases in current and future scenarios. The first phase optimizes the interconnected operational and embodied energy, whereas the second phase operational and embodied carbon emissions. Under current weather conditions, the first phase achieves a 28.17 % reduction in total primary energy consumption compared to the original design. In the second phase, the framework results in a 21.85 % decrease in the total carbon footprint. When future weather scenarios are examined, the first phase yields a 26.36 % reduction in total primary energy use, followed by a 17.9 % decrease in total carbon emissions in the second phase. These findings illustrate the significance of optimizing the energy and environmental impacts of buildings in current and future scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115748"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Try this and see if it works for you’: A new perspective on household improvisation and responses from heat pump supply-side actors","authors":"Evert van Beek ,&nbsp;Stella Boess ,&nbsp;Alessandro Bozzon ,&nbsp;Elisa Giaccardi","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper innovates in the relationship between sustainable technology suppliers and users, using the example of heat pumps. Heat pumps are necessary for energy transitions in Europe. However, in everyday life in households, heat pumps are often not used as the technology developers intended. This discrepancy presents a challenge for heat pump supply-side actors such as manufacturers and resellers. This paper first presents a design perspective on user improvisation and highlights its value for innovation. We synthesized the perspective in a sensitizing video. We then employed this video to engage with nine supply-side professionals in the Dutch heat pump value network and conducted semi-structured interviews with them to understand their responses to improvisation. We categorized their responses and identified the factors influencing the choice of response. We identify ten different responses and nine motivating factors. We then interpret the responses in the light of our design perspective on user improvisation to highlight areas for socio-technical innovation in the relationship between the heat pump supply and use sides. This innovation can support heat pump uptake and satisfaction and thus improve the quality and rate of renovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115725"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal model for cooling load calculation and its applicability of coincident design weather data generation for intermittent air-conditioning systems","authors":"Quan Zou ,&nbsp;Youming Chen ,&nbsp;Baisong Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intermittent air-conditioning systems are widely used in practical buildings due to its short operating cycles and low energy consumption. However, there is currently no design cooling load calculation model specifically suited for intermittent air-conditioning systems, and traditional design weather data (TDWD) also lacks sufficient accuracy for design cooling load calculation. In this study, a thermal model based on state space method has been proposed to calculate the hourly cooling load of intermittent air-conditioning systems. The thermal model was also validated by the simulation results of EnergyPlus. The results indicated that the relative deviation of the annual cooling load calculated by the thermal model to that by EnergyPlus was 8.04%, while the relative deviation of peak cooling load to that by EnergyPlus was 6.21%. These relative deviations fall well within the requirements of ASHRAE Guideline I4. In addition, the thermal model was applied to generate coincident design weather data (CDWD). The relative deviation of design cooling load was utilized to evaluate the applicability of the thermal model in generating CDWD. The results for Shanghai revealed that the average relative deviation of the design cooling load by CDWD was 2.47%, significantly lower than 12.29% by TDWD. The relative deviation for 90% room samples for CDWD ranges from −5.8% to 6.74%, while for TDWD, it ranges from −11.46% to 46.95%. Thus, the thermal model can not only accurately calculate hourly cooling load but also be suitable to generate coincident design weather data for intermittent air-conditioning systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 115751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting long-term urban overheating and their Mitigations from nature based solutions using Machine learning and field measurements","authors":"Jiwei Zou ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Senwen Yang ,&nbsp;Michael Lacasse ,&nbsp;Liangzhu (Leon) Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban overheating has become a global issue, exacerbated by climate change and leading to serious risks for public health and urban sustainability. Traditional methods, such as numerical simulations and field measurements, often face challenges due to uncertainties in input data. This study predicts the longevity and severity of future urban overheating by integrating field measurements with machine learning (ML) models, focusing on the impact of urban greening under different global warming (GW) scenarios. Field measurements were conducted from June 15 to September 14, 2024, at an office campus in Ottawa (a cold climate zone). Microclimate data was collected at four locations featuring distinct vegetation coverage: a large lawn area without trees (Lawn), a parking plot with no greening (Parking), a greenery area with sparsely distributed trees (Tree), and a forested area with 100 % tree coverage (Forest). Models—including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks—were trained on local climate data, with LSTM demonstrating superior accuracy. Four GW scenarios aligned with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for 2050 and 2090 were examined. Results show that the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) at the Parking plot could increase from about 27 °C under GW1.0 to 31 °C under GW3.5. Low health risk (UTCI &gt; 26 °C) is projected to rise at all sites, while dense tree coverage effectively prevents extremely high-risk conditions (UTCI &gt; 38.9 °C). These findings underscore the importance of urban greening in mitigating severe thermal stress and enhancing outdoor comfort under future climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Enhancing urban heat island mitigation in region 12 Tehran: Integrating greenery and high albedo materials for improved thermal Comfort”","authors":"Mahdis Nourian ,&nbsp;Haniyeh Sanaieian,&nbsp;Mohsen Faizi","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon leads to increased temperatures in urban environments compared to rural areas due to human activities and development. Mitigating UHI is essential for reducing health risks, improving urban livability, and decreasing energy consumption, thereby fostering sustainable and climate-resilient cities. This research focuses on UHI reduction through the use of vegetation and high-albedo materials, with a case study conducted in Tehran’s 12th district, a worn urban fabric facing significant UHI challenges. The study explores the effects<!--> <!-->of various strategies, including planting native street trees at different heights and densities, as well as incorporating green roofs and cool materials, using Envi-met for simulation. Climatic data collected on August 12, 2023, was used to validate the simulation results. The results indicate that these strategies can decrease air temperatures by 1 °C during peak summer hours (11 am to 3 pm). Notably, vegetation proved to be 15 % more effective than material changes in lowering mean radiant temperature, while high-albedo materials were found to be about 50 % more effective in reducing surface temperature than greenery. However, the correlation between UHI reduction and thermal comfort improvement was minimal, resulting in only a 9 % enhancement. The study suggests that while lowering surface temperatures may connect to improved thermal comfort, the overall impact remains limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 115724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}