Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"Multi-scale retrofit pathways for improving building performance and energy equity across cities: A UBEM framework","authors":"Lauren E. Excell ,&nbsp;Alex Nutkiewicz ,&nbsp;Rishee K. Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Institutional inequality has created an environment in which our physical surroundings reflect racial and economic biases – causing inequitable thermal comfort and energy consumption across neighborhoods. Just as energy and thermal comfort challenges are unique to each climate and built environment, the solutions to address these issues should be optimized for their context. We introduce a novel integrated data-driven and building energy simulation method that incorporates urban context, satellite imagery, and socioeconomic data to analyze multi-scale retrofit scenarios across disparate communities. We apply this method to case studies in New York City and Los Angeles to analyze energy and thermal comfort inequities across distinct climate zones and urban morphologies. Through parametric analysis, we demonstrate the efficacy of multi-scale retrofits at improving building performance and reducing existing thermal inequities. Our research shows that retrofit effectiveness is influenced by the microclimatic changes induced by the urban context and existing infrastructural inequity. For example, instantaneous building cooling energy demand in a disadvantaged community of Los Angeles is reduced more due to window retrofits (around 30 kWh) than by a greenspace retrofit (around 3 kWh). Greenspace installation dissipates more heat overnight and in the early morning, whereas window retrofits reduce solar heat gain during the day, showing the different heat reduction pathways that retrofits can achieve. Although the window retrofits lead to an order of magnitude higher utility cost savings ($70 savings from windows vs $9 for greenspace and $12 for reduced cars), the district-scale retrofits show promising pathways for reducing the cost burden across all residents. We also analyze pathways for achieving city-specific <span><math><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> reduction targets and find that building-level retrofits are most effective at meeting building performance standards (reducing <span><math><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> by 40%), whereas district-level retrofits should be used to achieve city-scale climate goals because of the sequestered and abated emissions offered by these pathways. This generalizable modeling framework empowers policymakers, urban planners, and building owners around the world to analyze pathways for meeting their climate action plan goals by reducing extreme heat, reducing greenhouse emissions, and reducing energy cost burden while improving environmental justice in their cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114931"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Kirigami-inspired double-skin adaptive façade for natural ventilation and solar harvesting to enhance indoor environment and energy performance","authors":"Rodrigo Arauz ,&nbsp;Evgeni Filipov ,&nbsp;Alessandro Fascetti ,&nbsp;Dale T. Clifford ,&nbsp;John C. Brigham","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel kirigami-inspired design concept for an environmentally responsive adaptive façade is presented and evaluated for the objectives of solar energy harvesting and adaptive ventilation through controllable surface orientation and opening. The concept is a double-skin façade where the outer skin includes a straight cut kirigami-inspired adaptive component. Controllable actuation of the kirigami-inspired section opens the outer skin for ventilation while also changing the orientation of the outer surface for solar tracking. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the potential benefits for this concept integrated within a building façade for solar energy harvesting, air changes, and indoor temperature control. As such, a computational study is used to estimate the proposed facade concept's performance within various generalized building-environment scenarios. The methodology is detailed to computationally estimate the potential environmental performance of this concept with respect to solar harvesting with adhered solar panels, as well as air changes and HVAC cost for associated interior spaces. The example scenarios include various building components, from a single room to multiple building stories, and two geographic locations with significantly different environmental conditions, and both daily and yearly performance estimates are shown. The component is most effective when the outdoor temperature is near to the desired indoor temperature and wind speeds are mild, but can still reduce HVAC usage for more disparate temperatures. For example, in the scenarios shown the component can eliminate HVAC use for a <span><math><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>°</mi></math></span>C difference between outdoor and indoor temperature and reduces HVAC usage for temperature differences up to <span><math><mn>15</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>°</mi></math></span>C. Moreover, the component has the potential to significantly increase net energy generation, with yearly performance estimated for the scenarios to be as much as 25% greater than that of a flat closed façade. However, the component cut parameters can have a significant impact on environmental performance, and thus require careful design consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114927"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of thermochromic smart windows in different indoor environments","authors":"Wenxin Li ,&nbsp;Tao Tao ,&nbsp;Jiakui Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenqian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermochromic (TC) smart windows can passively respond to the exterior and interior temperature, which further adjust their indoor thermal environments due to the varied photo-thermal parameters. This study investigated the thermal performances of practical TC windows in a room with/without air-conditioning or with stratified temperature distribution through a validated 3D CFD model. The application of TC windows could decrease the window, indoor ambient and floor temperatures, and also improve their temperature uniformity. The upper interior window could be 3.13 °C higher than the bottom in a room without air-conditioning, which could be reduced to 2.48 °C if the TC window was utilized. The uniformity improvement could be more significant for indoor environments with apparent air temperature differences, especially for the air-conditioning case. It is suggested that the indoor air temperature and its uniformity may affect the temperature and uniformity of the TC window surface in turn, specifically its phase transition time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114941"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization study on circadian tunability and Rec. 2020 of RGB-LED-based displays considering the users with different ages","authors":"Qinzhen Lin ,&nbsp;Ruoping Lian ,&nbsp;Haoyang Liu ,&nbsp;Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Junying Li ,&nbsp;Yating Feng ,&nbsp;Yi Lin ,&nbsp;Suyao Liu ,&nbsp;Weijie Liu ,&nbsp;Kaiyu Yang ,&nbsp;Yinxiao Yang ,&nbsp;Yaling Chai ,&nbsp;Zhong Chen ,&nbsp;Ziquan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reasonable design of spectral power distribution (SPD) of GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) display becomes more and more important and popular. In this work, we perform an investigation on the circadian effects of three-primary (red R, green G, and blue B, also denoted as RGB) LED based self-luminous displays (such as emerging mini-LED or micro-LED based displays) considering the users with different ages. With the increment of peoples’ ages from 1 year to 100 years, the optical transmittance of humans’ eyes may decrease due to the aging of their body functions. Therefore, it is important and meaningful for performing a spectral optimization study on the circadian effects of light that is emitting from self-luminous LED-based displays for the users with different ages. Here, the melanopic efficacy of luminous radiation (MELR) is mainly used to evaluate the circadian effects of white light coming from RGB-LED displays. With the aid of multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm (MOGA), the maximum MELR and the minimum MELR value are separately obtained for the standard observers at the age of 32, while maintaining at a certain high color gamut of Rec. 2020 standard (i.e., 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, and 90 % Rec. 2020, respectively) for these LED-based displays. Then, an extrapolation of optimal SPD at the age of 32 is done to other ages. Another parameter that can be denoted as circadian stimulus (CS) is also calculated and discussed for different ages. It is believable that this work is helpful for guiding the design and fabrication of future RGB-LED-based displays in consideration of the users with different ages, meeting large requirements of human-centric lighting (HCL) in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the electricity grid in operation-induced greenhouse gas emissions by a residential building: A multi-year retrospective simulation study","authors":"A.L. Rouws,&nbsp;R.C.G.M. Loonen,&nbsp;J.L.M. Hensen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In view of the growing shares of renewables in the electricity grid in combination with the electrification of <span>hvac</span> (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) systems in residential buildings, the grid intensity (in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electric energy) becomes increasingly sensitive to weather conditions, and synchronicity between weather and the grid becomes a more critical aspect in building performance assessment. Using building performance simulation techniques to seek robust building designs requires awareness about the uncertainties in circumstantial factors that affect performance. This 2016 – 2022 retrospective study highlights the effects of using low or high temporal resolution grid emissions intensity data on projected operation-induced carbon dioxide emissions for a terraced dwelling in the Netherlands. Building fabric quality, the occupant profile, and systems configurations (i.e., <span>hvac</span> and photovoltaics) are varied to investigate the effects of the applied grid model resolution. This study shows that ignoring high-resolution grid intensity data is getting increasingly problematic; applying low resolution (annual) instead of high-resolution (15-minute) grid intensity data leads to an increasingly unjustified optimistic assessment both for net and gross emissions (either or not allowing for carbon displacement by feeding locally generated electricity into the grid).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114870"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative server simulator for data centers and critical indices of performance evaluation","authors":"Nan Li ,&nbsp;Yigang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Gong ,&nbsp;Wen-Quan Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Server simulators, also known as dummy loads, are used to simulate real IT equipment for performance examining of data centers. Without these tests, potential failures could result in significant losses. Due to oversimplified designs and lack of evaluation methods, commercial dummy loads often fail to reflect accurately the true conditions of the real servers in data centers. In this study, a novel dummy-chip server simulator (DCSS) is developed, which can well reproduce the working mechanism of real servers. In this paper, three indices are proposed for the first time to evaluate the performance from different perspectives, i.e. Coefficient of Heat Removal (<em>CHR</em>) for heat removal capability, Coefficient of Temperature Deviation (<em>α</em>) for temperature rating, and Power Usage per Computing (<em>PUC</em>) for energy and computation efficiency. Experimental tests are conducted in this study, and results show that the good performance of the DCSS approaching the real server, and the values of <em>CHR</em>, <em>α</em>, and <em>PUC</em> indicate significant improvements compared to the commercial dummy load<strong>.</strong> The findings of this study present straightforward guidance for IT server simulator design, and demonstrate the advancement of DCSS and proposed index for data center performance evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the carbon emission reduction in construction and demolition waste management in China","authors":"Yanqing Yi ,&nbsp;Jingkuang Liu ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Lavagnolo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Manzardo","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction and demolition waste reduction (C&amp;DWR) is an important measure to protect the environment and promote sustainable development in the construction sector. The present policy in China remains a lack of emphasis on carbon tax and penalty for reducing construction waste. This paper proposes a construction and demolition waste (C&amp;DW) management model to identify the waste reduction effects of various policies in China. It simulates the effects of single policies and combined policies on waste reduction and carbon emission by using the approach of integrating system dynamics and grey model theory. The results reveal that: (1) Penalties can effectively reduce the amount of illegal dump waste and carbon emissions from illegal dump waste, with an appropriate penalty value (in Chinese CNY) suggested as <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo><mfenced><mrow><mn>160</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>320</mn></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>. (2) Subsidies can vastly increase the amount of waste recycled and a carbon tax can reduce carbon emissions; the recommended values are suggested as subsidies <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo><mfenced><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>45</mn></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> and carbon tax <span><math><mrow><mo>∈</mo><mfenced><mrow><mn>40</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>70</mn></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>. (3) Compared to other policies, the combined policy of penalty–waste disposal charging fee–subsidy–carbon tax (160, 60, 45, 70) achieves the greatest environmental benefits in terms of reducing waste and carbon emission. (4) Governments should improve waste minimization incentive policies and gradually introduce trials for a carbon tax policy, encourage the use of digital governance combined with blockchain technology to regulate C&amp;DW. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop effective waste reduction strategies and promote sustainability through the implementation of C&amp;DWR theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114932"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing dynamics of urban solar PV power generation using grid divisional method","authors":"Akshay Kaleshwarwar,&nbsp;Sarika Bahadure","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of solar energy potential and urban density has become a crucial prerequisite for urban sustainable development. However, two significant challenges persist: the high computational cost associated with assessments across large urban areas and the lack of detailed rooftop information for each building. This study aims to integrate solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in urban environments of varying built density in an Indian city and assesses the solar energy potential (SEP) using grid divisional method and simulations. The methodology involved extracting, filtering and developing a 2.5 D model with GIS using the open buildings dataset, followed by simulations of grid-connected PV systems using PV-Sol. The results demonstrated the dynamics in correlation of SEP and grid morphology indicators, with built density and roof area showing a strong positive relation. The financial analysis resulted in average payback period of 8–10 years. The study also highlighted significant CO₂ emission reductions, with thermal power plants generating 26,982 tons/kWh compared to just 1,513 tons/kWh for solar power. The findings demonstrate the financial viability and environmental benefits of PV adoption in urban areas, offering crucial insights for sustainable energy planning and policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 114935"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From urban heat islands to intra-urban heat islands: Role of urban fabric in redefining microclimates of tomorrow’s compact cities","authors":"V.M. Jayasooriya,&nbsp;M.D. Adams","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A compact city is a urban area characterized by high density, mixed land use, and limited sprawl, designed to promote sustainable development, reduce urban sprawl, and enhance quality of life. This investigation focuses on the Intra Urban Heat Island (IUHI) effect, an intensified progression of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, specifically within a compact city transitioning from urban sprawl. The study employed advanced spatial analytics, which employed the concept of “space-time cube”, incorporating Getis Ord Gi*, and per pixel, Mann Kendall tests for the space–time pattern mining on a time series of high-resolution Remote Sensing data spanning from 1999 to 2023. The findings reveal distinctive spatial and temporal patterns in IUHI, identifying a total of 693,900 m² of intensifying hot-spot areas in the selected compact city characterized by industrial, warehousing, and commercial developments. The detailed examination of urban fabric at a finer resolution (7.5 cm × 7.5 cm) identified rooftops with specific spectral characteristics (red/copper hue) as significant contributors to the IUHI phenomenon, inducing surface temperature increases above 5 °C compared to neighboring cells. Furthermore, high-rise developments emerge as land use forms that create cold spots in the urban fabric, improving the city’s thermal environment. The implications underscore the necessity for future urban planning to consider IUHI as a concentrated development of the UHI effect, urging a holistic understanding of the complex interconnections among various factors influencing microclimates in urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114900"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A convolutional neural network to control sound level for air conditioning units in four different classroom conditions","authors":"Kiranraj Muthuraj ,&nbsp;Cherif Othmani ,&nbsp;Ralph Krause ,&nbsp;Thomas Oppelt ,&nbsp;Sebastian Merchel ,&nbsp;M. Ercan Altinsoy","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air conditioning units (ACUs) are widely used in educational areas like classrooms in order to ensure the occupant’s well-being and to control CO₂ concentration (by ventilating using fresh outdoor air). However, the noise level of these ACUs can disrupt the learning environment. Consequently, we propose an approach based on machine learning that is able to distinguish between the different acoustic situations in a classroom, and to dynamically adjust the air volume flow accordingly. To this end, the present algorithm was trained with sound recordings in four different scenarios in a classroom. Both Mel spectrogram and Cochleagram are considered and applied for the task of training the convolutional neural networks (CNN) model, thus enhancing published works in the literature, which only considered the Mel spectrogram. Results show how the Cochleagram is pre-eminent to handle the CNN model training over the Mel spectrogram. Accordingly, we use the Cochleagram for the CNN model training, which is subsequently used for detecting the current situation in the room and adapting the ACU operation to this situation. The results show that running ACUs in high mode provides a learning environment with low CO₂ concentration and high noise. Instead, controlling ACU based scenario predictions made by the CNN model provides a good learning environment with adequate CO₂ concentration and acceptable noise level. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of using sound classification as a trigger for ventilation control, with the CNN model achieving a good accuracy rate in sound recognition. This underscores the potential of integrating advanced machine learning techniques into building management systems to foster environments that adapt to the needs of their inhabitants automatically. The results of the present work are useful for improving the comfort of the occupants through dynamic ACUs adjustments based on acoustical situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 114913"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}