Energy and Buildings最新文献_第9页

Comprehensive evaluation of different control strategies of electrochromic smart window on improving the building energy, visual and thermal comfort 电致变色智能窗不同控制策略对提高建筑能源、视觉和热舒适的综合评价

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117067

Qinye Lu , Tengyao Jiang , Guojian Yang , Tianyu Cai , Ye Yang , Gang Tan

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of different control strategies of electrochromic smart window on improving the building energy, visual and thermal comfort","authors":"Qinye Lu , Tengyao Jiang , Guojian Yang , Tianyu Cai , Ye Yang , Gang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating energy consumption for transparent building envelopes has emerged as a crucial strategy for improving building energy efficiency in recent years. Although electrochromic (EC) windows dynamically regulate their Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) to reduce heating and cooling loads, the comprehensive optimization of control strategies remains underexplored in architectural implementations. This study integrates building energy simulations with the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) to assess the EC glazing performance under diverse control strategies through multi-objective evaluation. Three strategies of solar radiation-based, window surface temperature-based, and indoor daylight illuminance-based control were implemented to dynamically modulate the optical properties of EC glass. Key metrics including building energy consumption, daylight performance, and thermal comfort indices were analyzed to establish practical guidelines for varied building orientations across the climatic zones in China. Results demonstrates that under optimized control conditions, annual cooling energy consumption decreased by 32%, daylight glare index (DGI) satisfaction increased threefold and predicted mean vote compliance improved by 10% compared to conventional glazing in Shanghai. Notably, control strategies based on indoor illuminance with a colorization threshold of 300 lx achieved superior daylight comfort and glare reduction across most orientations. Rational control strategies enable EC smart window to outperform conventional counterparts in most climatic regions, providing dual benefits of enhanced occupant comfort and building energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117067"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital twin assisted real-time energy management system for smart homes 数字孪生辅助智能家居实时能源管理系统

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.116978

Farid Hamzeh Aghdam , Mehdi Rasti , Eva Pongracz , Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam

{"title":"Digital twin assisted real-time energy management system for smart homes","authors":"Farid Hamzeh Aghdam , Mehdi Rasti , Eva Pongracz , Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.116978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.116978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing integration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems has amplified the need for efficient, real-time energy management solutions at the household level. Smart homes, equipped with distributed generation units, energy storage systems, electric vehicles and flexible loads, are emerging as active participants in decentralized energy networks. However, the intermittent nature of renewable generation, dynamic energy pricing, and real-time uncertainties in user behavior pose significant challenges for conventional home energy management systems. This paper presents a digital twin-assisted, edge-based real-time home energy management system designed to optimize energy consumption and operational costs in smart homes. The proposed system integrates a real-time digital twin of the home’s energy ecosystem with machine learning-based forecasting models and edge computing infrastructure. Long short-term memory networks are employed to predict key parameters such as photovoltaic generation, EV availability, and appliance demand, while the digital twin continuously updates forecasts and simulations based on real-time data. The proposed framework was evaluated through comprehensive simulations using 15-min and 1-min scheduling resolutions. Results demonstrate significant improvements in forecasting accuracy, operational cost reduction, and system responsiveness compared to conventional methods. Specifically, the proposed framework achieved up to 10% cost savings under a 15-min resolution and further improvements with a 1-min resolution, highlighting the benefits of fine-grained, real-time control. The synergy between digital twins, edge computing, and machine learning offers a scalable, privacy-preserving, and responsive energy management framework for future smart homes, contributing to enhanced grid resilience and sustainable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 116978"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TSDAM: A time-series domain adaptation model for building energy prediction under data scarcity 数据稀缺条件下建筑能耗预测的时序域自适应模型

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117017

Meijuan Lei, Yi Wang, Yu Zhan

{"title":"TSDAM: A time-series domain adaptation model for building energy prediction under data scarcity","authors":"Meijuan Lei, Yi Wang, Yu Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate building energy prediction (BEP) is essential for effective energy management. However, current deep learning-based BEP approaches often show poor generalizability across different building types and rely heavily on large, high-quality datasets, resulting in significant performance drops in data-limited conditions. To address these limitations, we present a time-series domain adaptation model (TSDAM) designed to enable cross-building generalization using limited data from the target domain.</div><div>TSDAM employs transfer learning (TL) by combining: 1) a hierarchical feature extraction and temporal dependency module for multi-scale and temporally aware energy representation, and 2) a Gaussian stochastic domain adapter (GSDA). GSDA uses adversarial training to learn domain-invariant features, supporting robust adaptation to novel domains.</div><div>Extensive experiments conducted on the BuildingDataGenome 2 dataset, which includes six building types under mild, heavy, and extreme data scarcity conditions, confirm the effectiveness of TSDAM. It consistently surpasses baseline and comparison models. Specifically, under extreme data scarcity across six building types, TSDAM achieves an average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 14.0%, outperforming BiLSTM (39.8%), domain-adversarial neural network (DANN) (28.3%), seasonal and trend transfer learning (ST-TL) (17.8%), CEEMDAN-SE-EC-BiLSTM (CSEB) (21.5%), and deep ensemble autoregressive hybrid model (DE-AR) (21.8%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117017"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation study on adjustable bifacial photovoltaic louvers balancing building energy saving, power generation and view 平衡建筑节能、发电与观景的可调双面光伏百叶的仿真研究

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117024

Chunying Li , Jixing Xie , Haida Tang , Cuimin Li , Wentao Shang , Pei Zhou

{"title":"Simulation study on adjustable bifacial photovoltaic louvers balancing building energy saving, power generation and view","authors":"Chunying Li , Jixing Xie , Haida Tang , Cuimin Li , Wentao Shang , Pei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) shading technology, which uses PV modules as sun-shading elements, combines shading with clean power generation and represents a zero-carbon building development trend. Bifacial PV louvers use high-efficiency bifacial modules to realize renewable energy utilization and indoor light/thermal environment regulation. A multi-purpose operation strategy is proposed, balancing the requirements of renewable power generation, building energy saving, and landscape view of building occupants. Accordingly, three scenarios, i.e., PV power generation priority, shading priority and lighting&heating priority, are established to adjust the PV louvers angle based on building usage patterns and meteorological conditions with the prevention of visual obstruction taken into consideration. A numerical model is developed to assess the electrical and energy performance of this adjustable bifacial PV louvers, with the assist of Rhino-Grasshopper simulation platform. The results demonstrate that by applying the PV louvers system to a typical office in Shenzhen with hot summer and warm winter climate, the annual energy consumption for air-conditioning can be reduced by 5.5%. Meanwhile, annual PV generation reaches 5795.8–6046.1 kWh, roughly offsetting the cooling demand. The levelized cost of electricity ranges from 0.52 to 0.54 CNY/kWh, indicating near grid parity performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of a photovoltaic-thermal-dual-source heat pump system using day-ahead forecasting and time-of-use pricing 利用日前预测和分时定价优化光伏-热-双源热泵系统

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117034

Minglu Qu, Junhan Chen, Yusen Bai, Jiajie Chen

{"title":"Optimization of a photovoltaic-thermal-dual-source heat pump system using day-ahead forecasting and time-of-use pricing","authors":"Minglu Qu, Junhan Chen, Yusen Bai, Jiajie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy, as a renewable energy source, offers significant potential in the field of building heating. However, the intermittency and misalignment with grid demand periods limit its effective utilization in building heating applications. Whereas prior investigations have examined either time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariffs or energy forecasting as standalone problems, a research gap persists in synergistically integrating day-ahead forecasts with real-time price signals to co-optimize the operation of integrated photovoltaic-thermal heat pump (PV/T-HP) systems with energy storage. To address this gap, this study proposes a photovoltaic-thermal dual-source heat pump with electricity energy storage (PV/T-DSHP-EES) system, optimized through TOU pricing-based charging and discharging strategies. Three operational strategies, i.e., self-consumption maximization (SCM) strategy, TOU and day-ahead forecasting TOU (DA-TOU), are developed and simulated using TRNSYS and MATLAB for an office building in Shanghai. Results indicate that DA-TOU strategy achieves the lowest comprehensive cost (considering both operational and environmental treatment costs) in both daily (1.31 CNY) and monthly (97.39 CNY) winter simulations, demonstrating its superiority in balancing economic and environmental performance. Furthermore, an enhanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, improved to avoid local optima and enhance global search capability, is applied to refine the DA-TOU strategy. This optimization reduced the total grid electricity supplementation by 9.4% to 3.10 kWh and the comprehensive cost by 8.0% to 3.33 CNY. The proposed system and optimized control framework provide a replicable methodology for enhancing the economic and environmental performance of building-integrated renewable energy systems, offering a viable pathway for low-carbon heating in urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117034"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observational study on the thermal performance of photovoltaic and cool-photovoltaic roofs during heatwaves in a semi-arid city 半干旱城市高温天气下光伏屋面和冷光伏屋面热性能的观测研究

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117036

Liwei Yang , Xiaoqing Gao , Zhenchao Li , Dongyu Jia

{"title":"Observational study on the thermal performance of photovoltaic and cool-photovoltaic roofs during heatwaves in a semi-arid city","authors":"Liwei Yang , Xiaoqing Gao , Zhenchao Li , Dongyu Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme heatwaves are intensifying globally, yet observational evidence on the micro-climate effects of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) remains scarce, particularly in semi-arid regions. This study addresses this gap through a 46-day summer experimental investigation (July–August 2025) conducted in the semi-arid, valley-bound city of Lanzhou, north-west China. We compared the reference regular roof, photovoltaic roof (PV roof), and the cool roof integrated photovoltaic system (CPV roof), all employing double-glass modules, offering novel field-based insights into their thermal behavior under heatwaves. Results demonstrate a distinct diurnal asymmetry and vertical variation in cooling effects. Both PV and CPV roofs induced significant near-ground cooling during daytime (median: –0.49 to –0.77°C), with CPV being more effective. However, at heights above 1.5 m, PV roof maintained cooling while CPV caused slight warming. During nighttime, the thermal impact of both strategies was markedly reduced. Counterintuitively, CPV roof increased module operating temperatures by approximately 3°C than PV roof, indicating that the combination of a cool roof and PV modules does not constitute a linearly additive cooling benefit. All strategies reduced daytime roof surface temperature by 10–15°C. A robust micro-meteorological model confirmed that solar irradiance, air temperature, and wind speed dominate module heating, with PV warming twice as fast as air—affirming its role as an artificial heat island. The CPV roof showed heightened climate sensitivity, making its performance highly weather-dependent. These insights are critical for advancing sustainable city planning in a warming world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117036"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The time deviation of building energy consumption data and its synchronization based on the CCKF-SPI-EP framework 基于CCKF-SPI-EP框架的建筑能耗数据时间偏差及其同步

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117044

Huiyu Yan, Jili Zhang, Liangdong Ma

{"title":"The time deviation of building energy consumption data and its synchronization based on the CCKF-SPI-EP framework","authors":"Huiyu Yan, Jili Zhang, Liangdong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building energy consumption data quality plays a critical role in analytical accuracy, yet temporal accuracy remains underexplored compared to numerical accuracy in existing research. Our analysis of monitoring platform data reveals temporal deviations inducing up to ± 20% numerical deviations of hourly data in extreme circumstances. To address this, we develop the CCKF-SPI-EP methodology, a novel multi-sensor data fusion framework that achieves simultaneous time synchronization and constraint optimization through three key techniques: a Constrained Centralized Kalman Filter framework with normalization of cumulative energy sequences, a Shape-Preserving Interpolation for monotonic time registration, and an Estimation Projection technique for constraint incorporation. Experimental results demonstrate the method’s superiority with more than 42%–67% reduction in RMSE and 59%–76% reduction in MAE on the building’s main meter compared to the best conventional method. Furthermore, we provide practical recommendations for improving data acquisition protocols to incorporate temporal accuracy into building energy data quality assessment. This work not only presents an effective correction framework but also makes forward-looking contributions in problem awareness and data quality system development for building energy informatics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117044"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A top-down approach in developing embodied carbon caps: Case study of the Irish residential sector 发展隐含碳上限的自上而下的方法：爱尔兰住宅部门的案例研究

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117026

Song Ge , David Styles , Conan O’Ceallaigh , Patrick J. McGetrick

{"title":"A top-down approach in developing embodied carbon caps: Case study of the Irish residential sector","authors":"Song Ge , David Styles , Conan O’Ceallaigh , Patrick J. McGetrick","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ireland’s built environment contributes approximately 37 % to national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with a 3:2 ratio from the residential to non-residential sector. A series of measures, including regulation changes and energy retrofit grants, mean that operational GHG emissions are expected to decrease, whereas the disclosure and cap requirements for upstream GHG emissions, or “embodied carbon” (EC), are still under development. With some nations worldwide already regulating and restricting EC from building projects, a broadly applicable top-down approach is proposed to develop upfront EC caps for new housing construction in Ireland. The top-down approach applies two methods, grandfathering and utility-principle, to allocate national carbon budgets to the upfront stage of new houses. For countries without national carbon budgets, suggestions are given for determining and downscaling the global carbon budget to national levels. In comparison, the generated caps from two methods show similar average values. The grandfathering method suggests 292 and 194 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq/m<sup>2</sup> for 2024–2025 and 2026–2030, respectively, while 284 and 188 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq/m<sup>2</sup> are suggested by the utility-principle method for the same periods respectively. However, the utility-principle method generates larger uncertainty than the grandfathering method due to a more pronounced response to the 2008 global financial crisis. Following the potential investigation of some strategies to meet the proposed caps, it is found that efficient compliance with the caps necessitates implementation of multiple strategies. Finally, despite some uncertainty, the proposed caps underscore the critical imperative of reducing upfront EC in the Irish residential sector. Current challenges associated with implementing EC mitigation strategies are also highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117026"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Federated neuro-symbolic rule learning for lightweight smart building operations 轻量级智能建筑操作的联邦神经符号规则学习

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117025

Fatimah Faiza Farrukh, Manar Amayri

{"title":"Federated neuro-symbolic rule learning for lightweight smart building operations","authors":"Fatimah Faiza Farrukh, Manar Amayri","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart building automation helps by enhancing occupant comfort, cost-efficiency and reduces energy waste. However, correctly utilizing these benefits depends on accurately understanding occupant behavior, such as occupancy patterns, activities, and appliance usage. But to collect such sensitive data raises serious privacy concerns, such as data leakages and breaches. In addition, deep learning models often require large amounts of data and high computational resources, leading to increased bandwidth usage and processing delays that make sensor-based systems inefficient. To address these challenges, we propose a federated neuro-symbolic rule learning framework that combines privacy-preserving federated learning with explainable symbolic rule generation. The generated rules are lightweight and edge-deployable, and make our framework the first federated neuro-symbolic approach designed for smart building operations. Our method allows clients to collaboratively train a Transformer-based rule generator via reinforcement learning and supervised fine-tuning without sharing raw data. Results showed that our model outperformed both deep and rule-based baselines, achieving up to 25–45% higher test accuracy, while being 2–3 ×  smaller and running in half the time as rule based models such as Apriori and FP-Growth, and about 200 ×  faster and 60 ×  smaller than deep learning baselines. The model also demonstrated strong generalizability by achieving 94.3% test accuracy on unseen data compared to an average of 74.6% for traditional and deep baselines — reflecting approximately 20% improvement in generalization performance on unseen data. The code for the proposed model is available at <span><span>https://github.com/ffaizaf/FedNSRL</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117025"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking building energy performance gap: a workflow for bridging measured, modeled, designed, and optimized strategies – a review with real-world examples 重新思考建筑能源绩效差距：连接测量，建模，设计和优化策略的工作流程-与现实世界的例子回顾

IF 7.1 2区工程技术

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117065

Shoumik Desai , Burak Gunay , Mohamed Ouf , Weihao Liu , Joe Coady

{"title":"Rethinking building energy performance gap: a workflow for bridging measured, modeled, designed, and optimized strategies – a review with real-world examples","authors":"Shoumik Desai , Burak Gunay , Mohamed Ouf , Weihao Liu , Joe Coady","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant gap between a building’s predicted and actual energy use, known as the energy performance gap (EPG), remains a persistent barrier to achieving decarbonization goals. Conventional analyses often attribute this gap to single causes, such as operational faults or modelling inaccuracies, failing to capture the interplay of issues across the building lifecycle. This paper introduces a structured diagnostic workflow designed to deconstruct the EPG by systematically examining four lenses of performance: As-Operated, As-Modeled, As-Designed, and As-Prescribed Intended Performance. The workflow is demonstrated through a detailed case study of a large healthcare facility. The analysis reveals that an observed 48% overconsumption of natural gas was not a simple operational error but is symptomatic of a cascading discrepancy. The workflow traces the issue back to its source, demonstrating how a suboptimal design (Lens 3) was inaccurately represented in a simplified energy model (Lens 2), which in turn failed to predict the inefficient operational reality (Lens 1). The key contribution of this work is developing a robust, diagnostic method that allows stakeholders to move beyond merely quantifying the EPG to identify its distinct root causes in design, modeling, and operation. This approach provides a more granular understanding of the problem, enabling targeted and effective mitigation strategies to EPG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 117065"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0