Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review of treatments and fixes for low delta-T syndrome in cooling systems","authors":"Alet van den Brink ,&nbsp;Shalika Walker ,&nbsp;Wim Zeiler ,&nbsp;Rick Kramer","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low delta-T syndrome is known to decrease the energy efficiency of chilled water systems and jeopardize human thermal comfort. Many studies have addressed low delta-T syndrome, suggesting possible measures to solve or mitigate its symptoms. However, while numerous measures have been proposed, a connection to the fundamental causes and the potential side effects that could cause low delta-T syndrome is lacking. This systematic literature review aims to identify measures to address low delta-T syndrome in various parts of chilled water systems and classify the 25 identified measures for the four subclasses of low delta-T syndrome as treatments or fixes. For the subclass of low delta-T syndrome without increased flow, fifteen measures were classified as a treatment; five were classified as a fix and five could not be classified. For the three subclasses of low delta-T syndrome with increased flow, 11 were classified as fixes, nine as a treatment and five could not be classified. The main reason four of the six measures could not be classified is due the disputed cause of laminar or transitional flow condition inside the cooling coil tubes. Despite the reported positive effects in existing chilled water systems, many measures are considered fixes because they do not address the fundamental causes of low delta-T syndrome but merely mitigate its signs and symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115053"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A knowledge graph-based framework to automate the generation of building energy models using geometric relation checking and HVAC topology establishment","authors":"Meng Wang,&nbsp;Georgios N. Lilis,&nbsp;Dimitris Mavrokapnidis,&nbsp;Kyriakos Katsigarakis,&nbsp;Ivan Korolija,&nbsp;Dimitrios Rovas","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building Energy Models (BEM) are widely utilized throughout all stages of a building's lifecycle to understand and enhance energy usage. However, creating these models demands significant effort, particularly for larger buildings or those with complex HVAC systems. While a substantial amount of information can be extracted from Building Information Models (BIM) — which are increasingly accessible and provide necessary data for geometric and HVAC contexts — this information is not readily usable in setting up BEM and typically requires manual translation. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a BIM-to-BEM (BIM2BEM) framework that focuses on automating the generation of HVAC parts of BEM models from BIM data. Core to the methodology is the extraction of HVAC system topologies from the BIM model and the creation of a knowledge graph with the HVAC topology. The topology transformation unfolds in three key stages: first, a geometry-induced knowledge graph is established by examining the geometric relationships among HVAC elements; second, this graph is converted into an informative HVAC topology with enhanced properties from additional data sources; and finally, the informative topology is simplified into a BEM-oriented HVAC topology compliant with BEM platforms such as EnergyPlus. A case study of a large university building with a complex HVAC system showcases that the proposed framework achieves automatic and precise generation of building performance simulation models. The model's predictions are then validated against actual measurements from the building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of advanced energy management strategies to operate flexibility sources in Renewable Energy Communities","authors":"Antonio Gallo,&nbsp;Alfonso Capozzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable Energy Communities (REC) can largely contribute to building decarbonization targets and provide flexibility through the adoption of advanced control strategies of the energy systems. This work investigates how the role of flexibility sources will be impacted by shifting towards advanced control strategies under a high penetration of variable Renewable Energy Sources, in the following years. A large residential area with diverse energy systems, building envelope configurations, and energy demand patterns is modeled with the simulation environment RECsim, a virtual testbed for the implementation of energy management strategies in REC. Photovoltaic (PV) panels, Battery Energy Storage and Thermal Energy Storage (TES) of different sizes for each household provide a realistic description of a REC which includes both consumers and prosumers.</div><div>This study explores a scenario in which advanced controllers based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) replace existing Rule-Based Controllers in building energy systems across a significant number of buildings. These control policies are simulated under three different scenarios that consider consumers with different pricing schemes and TES penetration.</div><div>Efficient control strategies, have demonstrated significant potential, regardless of the presence of thermal storage and ToU pricing schemes, in reducing energy demand by 12.6%, cutting energy costs by 20.8%, and enhancing self-sufficiency and self-consumption, with minimal impact on Shared Energy. Implementing a flat tariff scheme under DRL enables consumers to increase their energy demand during periods of PV generation, which is particularly advantageous in a REC. Also, this approach lowers overall energy demand by 12.6% and boosts self-sufficiency, and it also decreases electricity exports from the REC to the grid by 18.2% compared to a ToU tariff scheme. When using ToU tariffs, thermal storage can be used to achieve cost savings, but total Shared Energy decreases, as do self-sufficiency and self-consumption of the REC. The results indicate that in a REC with high variable renewable energy and decentralized control, consumers using TES and ToU tariffs with peak prices during high irradiance periods may not be beneficial for the grid compliance.</div><div>In conclusion, the coupling between DRL and thermal storage should be supported by more innovative pricing schemes for RECs and/or coordinated energy management, although it requires advanced communication and monitoring infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115043"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature adaptive thermal storage/release wall based on dynamic spectral control","authors":"Han Wang,&nbsp;Xun Zhang,&nbsp;Ruzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to global climate change, achieving sustainable development through energy conservation and emission reduction has become a common goal for humanity. In this work, we present a general model for computing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of building with low computational complexity and effort. Based on this model, we designed smart green building walls (SGBW), which consist of conventional walls and thermal storage/release films applied to their external/internal surfaces. These films, which incorporate thermochromic materials can adaptively adjust their radiation properties according to environmental temperature. At high temperatures, the thermal storage film(TSF) absorbs heat utilizing a solar absorptance of 0.604 and storing the heat within the wall. Conversely, at low temperatures, the thermal release film(TRF) unidirectionally releases heat into the interior with an infrared emissivity of 0.821. The simulation results indicate that SGBW has enhanced heat storage capacity by 18.7 % and increased heat release capacity by 30.4 % compared to conventional cement walls. In addition, calculations using the general model show that each square meter of SGBW can save 417 ∼ 805 kWh of electricity and reduces CO₂ emissions by 225 ∼ 477 kg over the building’s lifecycle in various climatic zones, aligning closely with results obtained from the commercial software. Thus, this model not only simplifies intricate simulation processes but also serves as a guide for designing surface devices. The SGBW is anticipated to be particularly beneficial in buildings located in regions requiring nighttime heating, contributing significantly to indoor temperature regulation while simultaneously reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 115041"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized design and comparative analysis of double-glazed photovoltaic windows for enhanced light harvesting and energy efficiency in cold regions of China","authors":"Gang Yao,&nbsp;Daojing Ding,&nbsp;Chao Xie,&nbsp;Haolan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the daylighting performance and energy efficiency optimization strategies of double-glazed photovoltaic windows (DS-STPV) in cold regions of China. By conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis with traditional and energy-efficient window systems, this research aims to identify high-efficiency building solutions tailored to extreme climatic conditions. Amidst the escalating global energy demand and the pressing need for energy conservation and emission reduction, Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) technology is increasingly recognized for its potential and value as a critical method for harnessing green energy. However, the widespread adoption of BIPV technology faces several challenges, including cost-effectiveness, conversion efficiency, system stability, and architectural aesthetic integration. Utilizing the T&amp;A House from the 3rd International Solar Decathlon as an empirical case study, this research employs Ecotect and DesignBuilder simulation software to systematically evaluate the daylighting effect and energy performance of DS-STPV. The analysis considers various key design parameters, including photovoltaic cell coverage, window orientation, and window-to-wall ratio. Through refined modeling and multi-dimensional analysis, this study aims to identify the optimal design configurations of DS-STPV windows in cold regions, with the goal of simultaneously achieving superior natural lighting quality and significant building energy efficiency. The findings indicate that a south-facing DS-STPV window design with approximately 30% photovoltaic cell coverage and a window-to-wall ratio of 30% effectively balances daylighting requirements and energy efficiency in cold regions of China. This design strategy not only ensures an abundance of natural light in the room, but also significantly reduces the building’s energy consumption, proving the superior performance of DS-STPV windows in cold climates. In addition, the unique optical properties of DS-STPV windows reduce glare, further improving the overall quality of the indoor environment. In summary, this study provides a robust scientific foundation for the application of DS-STPV windows in cold regions, offering practical guidance and reference for optimizing energy efficiency and facilitating green transformation in future building design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A real scene 3D Model-Driven sunlight analysis method for complex building roofs","authors":"Jinghai Xu ,&nbsp;Mengxuan Qi ,&nbsp;Haoran Jing ,&nbsp;Craig Hancock ,&nbsp;Peng Qiao ,&nbsp;Nan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A real-scene 3D model of complex buildings, derived from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surveys, can significantly improve the accuracy of sunlight analysis for the arrangement of photovoltaic panels. We propose a method for sunlight analysis of complex building roofs driven by the real-scene 3D model, which includes generating and optimizing the 3D model and a parameterized sunlight analysis algorithm. The generation and optimization method involves: reducing the number of model meshes by selecting a lower level of detail and proposing a mesh simplification algorithm to simplify the model; reconstructing the structure of the model meshes to smooth them and solve the pseudo-occlusion problems caused by the model’s triangular structures by transforming triangular meshes into quadrilateral meshes; improving the accuracy of the obstacles’ 3D models on the roof by completing high-precision obstacle modeling and superimposing it on the simplified model. Subsequently, a parameterized sunlight analysis algorithm suited to the optimized 3D model is presented based on the Grasshopper parameterized software platform. We design a complete set of sunlight analysis algorithm programs by exploring the geographical location, time range, time step, and other parameters of the real-scene 3D model. Finally, the method’s feasibility is verified through a case study of a complex building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115051"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETHOS.ActivityAssure—An open-source validation framework for synthetic European activity profiles","authors":"David Neuroth ,&nbsp;Noah Pflugradt ,&nbsp;Jann Michael Weinand ,&nbsp;Christina Büsing ,&nbsp;Detlef Stolten","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simulation of human behavior is an essential component in the domain of energy demand modeling. However, due to its diverse nature, it is often unclear whether a simulated behavior pattern is fitting to certain contexts. Combined with the poor availability of appropriate activity data, this makes proper validation of behavior models difficult. Existing validation approaches are limited and specialized to the respective use case, and are therefore not reusable or comparable. To address this issue, the new open-source framework ETHOS.ActivityAssure is presented for evaluation of generated activity profiles, supporting the validation of behavior models. For this purpose, an aggregated activity dataset is created from restricted European time use data and published to ensure reusability. Validation is conducted through a set of indicators and comparative plots, taking into account activity duration, frequency, and time. A categorization of person types and activities enables mapping to result categories commonly used in behavior models. The framework's capabilities are demonstrated on the residential demand model LoadProfileGenerator. The developed framework allows for consistent and reproducible validation of synthetic activity profiles targeting Europe, without requiring access to confidential data. This offers the opportunity to enhance both new and existing behavior models by identifying flaws, compare multiple modeling approaches, and thoroughly evaluate model quality for diverse target purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 115036"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic MPC-based energy management system for integrating solar PV, battery storage, and EV charging in residential complexes","authors":"M.I. Saleem,&nbsp;S. Saha,&nbsp;U. Izhar,&nbsp;L. Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC)-based energy management system (EMS) for residential complexes with integrated solar photovoltaics (PV), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The EMS coordinates BESS operations, integrating solar generation, residential load demand, and EV charging. It optimizes BESS charging/discharging based on solar power, load demands, electricity pricing, and feed-in tariffs over a finite horizon, while considering uncertainties through multiple scenarios of load and EV charging demand, as well as solar generation. By accounting for battery degradation, cost savings, and revenue from energy transactions, the proposed EMS enhances BESS longevity and profitability. The EMS also manages reactive power provision from the BESS inverter, ensuring voltage stability in the presence of uncertainties. Extensive case studies on Matlab Simscape Electrical and real-time validation on the OPAL-RT simulator demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SMPC-based EMS in optimizing energy use, operational efficiency, and economic returns, contributing significantly to the sustainable energy management of the residential complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 114993"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on effect of an active solar heating soil heat storage system on the thermal environment in Gobi solar greenhouses","authors":"Jing Zhao ,&nbsp;Foping Chen ,&nbsp;Yingmei Wang ,&nbsp;Kezhen Wang ,&nbsp;Xueli Zhai ,&nbsp;Dong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study proposes an innovative active solar heating soil heat storage system to enhance the thermal environment of Gobi solar greenhouses (GSGs) and address the issue of uneven heat distribution. This system utilizes Gobi gravel soil as a heat storage medium, combining solar flat plate collectors and horizontal buried pipes at a depth of 0.15 m. To validate the system’s practical efficacy, an 80-day field experiment was conducted in Jiuquan City, located in the northwest Gobi region of China. The experiment focused on investigating the impact of soil heat storage on the temporal and spatial distribution of air and soil temperatures within the greenhouse, as well as assessing the system’s environmental and economic benefits. The results demonstrated that the system exhibited outstanding performance, with an average heat collection efficiency exceeding 56.96 % and a daily average heat storage amount of 132.13 kWh. Compared to the contrast greenhouse, the experimental greenhouse showed an increase in nighttime average air temperatures of 4.9 °C, 3.9 °C, and 3.6 °C on typical sunny, cloudy, and snowy days, respectively. The average surface soil temperatures increased correspondingly by 6.5 °C, 4.8 °C, and 4.5 °C. And the effective accumulated temperature increased by 40 %. Furthermore, the system significantly improved the uniformity of indoor temperature distribution. During nighttime heat release, the maximum temperature difference in the air, both span and vertically, did not exceed 0.8 °C; the maximum soil temperature differences in the span and length directions were no greater than 0.3 °C and 1.8 °C, respectively. During the daytime heat storage process, the maximum soil temperature differences in the span and length directions were no more than 0.4 °C and 1.7 °C, respectively. This study of the active solar soil heat storage system demonstrates significant application effects in improving the thermal environment of GSGs, with substantial environmental and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 115055"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting households’ adaptive energy-efficient upgrades in response to the energy crisis: The Norwegian case","authors":"Yechennan Peng,&nbsp;Christian A. Klöckner","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual household energy-efficiency upgrading behaviours in relation to buildings are crucial in mitigating carbon emissions, yet understanding the predictors of these behaviours in the Norwegian context presents a research challenge. The principal aim of this study is to investigate the adoption patterns of energy-efficiency upgrades by Norwegian households, particularly in response to the energy crisis. It seeks to determine how socio-demographic, dwelling-related, household contextual, and psychological factors affect household behaviours concerning three upgrading measures – namely, private photovoltaic (PV) installation, flexible electricity use, and dwelling insulation. Based on survey data (N = 3514) collected in 2023 from Norwegian households, the study delineates a significant upsurge in all these three energy-efficiency upgrades within the past three years, driven by social norms, self-efficacy, and increased motivation to support the energy system after the energy crisis. The study also anticipates rapid growth in private PV systems and flexible electricity use over the next three years, influenced by social pressures, wider technology adoption, and a stronger desire to cut energy costs. The adoption of private PV systems is predominantly seen among high-income households, which is influenced by high fixed costs, inadequate institutional incentives, substantial rises in electricity prices, and a commitment to supporting the energy system post-crisis. The quick uptake of flexible electricity use is significantly influenced by social norms and technology’s compatibility with daily routines. Key factors driving insulation actions include the building age, the presence of younger household members with the necessary physical capability and skills, and the right timing perceptions. In addition, residential duration influences adoption patterns, with newer residents prioritizing personalization through high-tech measures and long-term residents focusing on maintaining insulation. This study will also discuss potential implications for policymakers in designing incentives tailored to households’ profiles and for investors in improving market strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 115054"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}