Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"Leveraging reinforcement learning for optimal control of chiller plant with complex hydraulic and thermodynamic characteristics","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Huiming Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Fan ,&nbsp;Shengyu Tan ,&nbsp;Xuyuan Kang ,&nbsp;Yang Shi ,&nbsp;Da Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal control of chiller plants is vital for enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings. The operation combination of cooling towers and pumps has a significant impact on the heat exchange of the cooling water system and the chiller performance. However, optimizing the control strategy of a chiller plant with complex hydraulic and thermodynamic characteristics is challenging. This study proposes a framework for reinforcement learning (RL) control on the cooling sides of chiller plants. A detailed physical model of a chiller plant was constructed to provide a reliable training environment for the RL model. The proposed RL controller was deployed in a chiller plant in a commercial complex in Guangzhou, China. Compared with a rule-based control, the proposed RL control can save 741 MWh (8.1%) of electricity consumption over eight months. The optimal control strategies provide insights into the chiller plant system characteristics, which offer promise for broader implementation on a broader scale in building energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116037"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized scale development for fogg behavioral model towards energy-saving behavioral change in buildings","authors":"Jiachen Luan ,&nbsp;Yaping Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhun (Jerry) Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a systematic procedure was proposed, according to an interdisciplinary perspective, to apply the Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) to the field of energy-saving behavior change. On the basis of this procedure, a standardized scale was developed to assess the motivation and ability variables associated with energy-saving behaviors among building occupants within the FBM framework. First, the latent FBM variables were mapped onto the context of energy-saving behavior change. Then, an initial item pool was established by adopting human behavior-related classical theories and corresponding measurement items. Subsequently, data was collected to validate the initial item pool and conduct three studies: (1) study 1 refined unclear expressions through expert verification; (2) study 2 evaluated the item pool in a representative sample (high- and low-score groups) using a Critical-ratio test and explored the factorial structure of the item pool through exploratory factor analysis, and (3) study 3 confirmed the proposed structure using confirmatory factor analysis and examined convergent and discriminant validity. Ultimately, an 11-item version of the standardized scale was developed, which demonstrated high internal consistency and a good overall model fit. Evidence from discriminant and convergent validity analyses also confirmed its effectiveness as a comprehensive measurement tool. The proposed procedure, along with the developed standardized scale, facilitates the objective measurement of motivation and ability variables, thereby enhancing the practical application of FBM in the field of energy-saving behavioral change. Furthermore, researchers in other domains can adapt these variables to extend FBM’s applicability in driving behavioral change across diverse contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116025"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An XAI-driven diagnostic framework to investigate the predictive power of building features to enhance EPC ratings in detached houses","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Shakeel ,&nbsp;Shamaila Iram ,&nbsp;Richard Hill ,&nbsp;Hafiz Muhammad Athar Farid ,&nbsp;Philip Brown ,&nbsp;Hassam Ur Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy performance in detached homes is critical for reducing carbon emissions in United Kingdom. However, understanding the complex factors that affect Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) ratings remains limited. Detached homes face unique challenges due to their larger floor areas and greater environmental exposure. Despite the significance of EPCs in driving energy efficiency, the diagnostic analysis of feature interactions at the class level (A–G) is underexplored, especially in detached homes. This study addresses this gap by employing predictive explainability to provide a detailed, rating class-wise diagnostic analysis of the predictive power of structural and operational features for detached homes. We investigate key factors such as CO2 emissions per floor area, heating costs, window, floor, walls efficiency, and construction age, and explore how these features interact to drive EPC ratings. Our findings show that CO2 emissions and heating costs are the primary drivers of EPC classification, but their impact varies across EPC bands. Detached homes in lower EPC categories (E–G) exhibit heightened sensitivity to high emissions and inefficient heating, while properties in EPC A and B benefit from improved insulation and efficient systems. This study introduces an innovative diagnostic framework that not only identifies key predictive features for each EPC class but also uncovers the synergistic effects of feature combinations. The results provide actionable insights for retrofit strategies and policy interventions, particularly for detached homes, offering a roadmap for improving energy efficiency and advancing sustainable energy practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116022"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban residents’ intention to purchase green buildings in China’s emerging first-tier cities: a multigroup analysis","authors":"Tingjia Cai ,&nbsp;Weng Wai Choong ,&nbsp;Siaw Chui Wee ,&nbsp;Ting Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the rising energy consumption in China’s building sector, the government has promoted green buildings as a sustainable solution. Although interest in green buildings is increasing, existing research rarely investigates the psychological determinants of consumers’ intention to pay in China’s New Tier 1 (NT1) cities, nor does it compare these determinants across different cities. This study fills this gap by applying an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to three representative NT1 cities in China: Chengdu, Wuhan, and Xi’an. Study applied Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) for model testing. After conducting pairwise comparisons among the three cities, the following conclusions were drawn: In Wuhan, consumer attitude showed the strongest influence on intention to purchase (β = 0.269, p &lt; 0.001), while environmental concern (EC) had the weakest impact (β = -0.04, p = 0.424). In Chengdu, subjective norm (SN) exerted the greatest effect on personal norm (PN) (β = 0.599, p &lt; 0.001), whereas moral norm (MN) had the least influence on attitude (ATT) (β = 0.074, p = 0.162). In Xi’an, environmental concern (EC) also showed the weakest effect on attitude (ATT) (β = -0.02, p = 0.714). The findings highlight substantial behavioral heterogeneity across cities, offering novel insights into how local cultural and psychological factors shape green housing decisions. This study contributes both theoretically and practically by identifying city-specific intervention points to enhance intention to purchase green buildings, thereby supporting more targeted and effective sustainability strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116031"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of digitalization inputs on CO2 emissions in China’s construction industry under the “Dual Carbon” goal","authors":"Bo Niu ,&nbsp;Xiaoru Xue ,&nbsp;Yunxiu Sai ,&nbsp;Jing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ emissions from the construction field play a crucial role in Chinese efforts to achieve the “Dual Carbon” target. Against the backdrop of digital transformation, understanding the impact of digital input on construction-related emissions is of significant practical importance. This research employs the IPCC carbon accounting method to measure the CO₂ emissions of the construction industry in China from 2004 to 2021. Combined with OECD input–output data, an LMDI decomposition model incorporating digital input is developed, and the Tapio decoupling method and decoupling effort model are employed to analyze the decoupling status of CO₂ emissions in construction sites and their influencing factors. Results demonstrate that from 2004 to 2021, digitalization promoted a specific reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Specifically, the scale effect of digitalization has a mitigating impact on CO₂ emissions, while the technological effect of digitalization has an adverse influence on CO₂ emissions. The negative impact of the technological effect is stronger than the scale effect, resulting in an overall carbon reduction effect. Tapio decoupling analysis reveals two decoupling states between digital input and carbon emissions in construction sites: strong negative decoupling and weak decoupling. The decoupling effort model further identifies capital digitization and digital-energy structure as key factors influencing the decoupling status of carbon dioxide emissions. Drawing upon the preceding analysis, this study proposes implementing a series of digital actions to promote the progression of the construction sector, reduce carbon emissions, and contribute to achieving the “Dual Carbon” goal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116014"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of two different green roofs throughout three winters in Slovakia","authors":"Marian Vertal ,&nbsp;Katarina Lavkova Cakyova ,&nbsp;Jan Pencik ,&nbsp;David Beckovsky ,&nbsp;Alena Vargova ,&nbsp;Vystrcil Jan","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the results of long-term in situ measurements of the thermal response of experimental green roofs during the winter. The in-situ research measurements were done on experimental green roof segments with 120 and 240 mm thick substrate and a comparative reference gravel segment. They were carried out during winters 2020–2023 in Košice Dfb 48°43’N 21°15’E and feature climatic data of the analysed site, including the thickness of the snow layer present on the experimental segments. The presence of green roof layers reduced the negative heat flux (towards ambient) compared to the reference gravel roof, thus reducing heat losses in favour of the green roofs during the entire monitoring period. The biggest potential of heat loss reductions by applying green roofs was observed during a period of water freezing conditions with no snow layer on rooftops, when thermal response of experimental roofs was strongly influenced by latent heat accumulation in the green roof substrates. During cold consecutive days with all-day frosts, almost identical daily heat losses through both green roof segments (≈−57 Wh/m2day) were measured regardless of the outdoor climatic parameters while the losses through the reference segment ranged from −64 to −77 Wh/m2day, representing both green roofs’ daily heat losses reduction of up to 26% compared to the reference roof. Interannual comparison of two consecutive winters showed that heat loss reduction by green roofs varied with winter severity, with roofs featuring 120mm and 240mm substrate layers achieving 9%–14% reduction in the colder winter and 6%–12% in the milder one, compared to the reference gravel roof.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116024"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a hybrid heating system with TRNSYS: district heating, heat pumps and photovoltaics in a multi-apartment building","authors":"George Dogkas ,&nbsp;Alexandros Tsimpoukis ,&nbsp;Grigorios Itskos ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos del Castillo ,&nbsp;Ismael Lozano ,&nbsp;Ola Gustafsson ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Nikolopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of cost, environmental impact, and overall performance of hybrid heating systems in residential buildings under dynamic, real-world operating conditions is not well established yet, although simulation results of individual heating systems and electricity technologies are frequently reported in literature. This study focuses on evaluating the performance of a system that combines District Heating (DH) with locally installed Heat Pumps (HPs) in a multi-apartment building in Gothenburg, Sweden. The performed evaluation is deemed important in terms of enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the building, as well as for lowering operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions, and for enabling seamless integration of renewable energy sources (such as photovoltaics) within such building of this kind. The reference building is equipped with two HPs, an electric heater, a photovoltaic array, DH supply and hot water storage tanks. Here, a dynamic model was developed in TRNSYS to calculate the performance of the hybrid system of the building. So as to increase model accuracy, and minimize computational time at the same time, several time-step sizes were evaluated. The model calculates, every minute, the thermal demand, the electrical demand of the heat sources, and the excess electrical energy of photovoltaics under three control strategies: (A) district heating priority, (B) heat pump priority, and (C) exclusive use of district heating. The environmental impact was assessed by use of the online tool VERIFY, which is able to perform global warming impact assessments by capitalizing on well-known Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodologies. According to the model, the contribution of each heat source under the three control strategies is: A) (55.4 % district heating) + (38.4 % heat pumps) + (6.2 % heater), B) (23.2 % district heating) + (76.8 % heat pumps) and C) (100 % district heating). Utilization of photovoltaics reduces the HP consumption by 13.5 % or 14.8 % depending on the implemented strategy. Finally, the order of the annual cost is: B) 2,627 €, A) 4,348 € and C) 6,312 €. Overall, the use of HPs as the primary heat source in multi-apartment buildings is determined be the most beneficial solution in terms of operating costs and environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-saving potential of cool roofs at the urban scale: A case study of Xiamen city","authors":"Chengcheng Song ,&nbsp;Yixing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban-scale energy modeling of cool roof retrofits requires detailed knowledge of rooftop. This study developed a high-resolution Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) framework that integrates roof reflectance data for Xiamen City, China. First, building types were classified using Geographic Information System (GIS) and machine learning techniques. Then, historical satellite imagery was analyzed to estimate the building year of each building. Roof color and reflectance were subsequently evaluated using Sentinel-2 and high-resolution imagery. This process resulted in the creation of a multi-source geospatial dataset comprising 37,132 buildings in Xiamen. A physics-based UBEM was then constructed using AutoBPS for 31,608 buildings to simulate energy performance under three scenarios: baseline, measured reflectance, and cool roof retrofit. Compared to the default reflectance value of 20 %, actual roof reflectance in Xiamen reduced energy consumption by 1.8 % (0.94 GWh). Furthermore, three types of cool roof technologies, spray coatings, membranes, and metal roofs, achieved annual energy savings of 4.42 % (2.32 GWh), 3.58% (1.88 GWh), and 2.27 % (1.19 GWh), respectively. Their corresponding peak-load reductions were 10.7 %, 8.97 %, and 5.5 %. Among the 31,608 buildings modelled, 3790 buildings (approximately 12 %) met the economic feasibility criterion of a payback period under 10 years. Of these, 1298 buildings were more suitable for membrane application and 2492 for spray coating. Over their life cycle, these buildings would require an initial investment of 35.3 million CNY and maintenance costs of 39.3 million CNY, yielding electricity savings of 151.67 GWh, equivalent to 89.6 million CNY, and resulting in net savings of 15.0 million CNY.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116034"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of façades with cool coatings and living green walls in hot-dry climates","authors":"Sahar Khabir ,&nbsp;Roza Vakilinezhad ,&nbsp;Ozgur Gocer","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cities face climate change and urbanization challenges, cool façade systems like advanced coating materials and living green walls (LGWs) have become popular because of their potential to improve urban sustainability and the thermal performance of existing buildings. The cool facade systems aim to mitigate the urban heat island effect by reducing heat absorption, enhancing occupant thermal comfort, and decreasing building energy consumption by lowering interior surface temperatures. This study compares advanced cool coatings, high-retroreflective materials (HRR), and LGWs regarding thermal performance, energy savings, and carbon emissions for a typical residential building in a hot-dry climate. Scenario-based simulation and optimization methods are combined with comparative analysis to evaluate building performance. Thirty-two façade design options were determined, defining four scenarios (two options with cool coatings and two with LGWs on a façade with brick and stone) for simulation using DesignBuilder software and a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) optimization tool. The results identified the most optimal façade design option for each scenario. The findings revealed that applying advanced materials lowers the exterior surface temperatures up to 2.5 and 2.15 °C in HRR and LGW facades, respectively. The advanced coating achieved the best performance, reducing total thermal loads by 12.8 %, while the maximum thermal load reduction would be 9.4 % in LGW scenarios. However, considering carbon emissions, the reduction equals 19 and 11.28 % in LGW and advanced coating scenarios, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that LGW options with an air gap layer have better thermal and energy performance than those without an air gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 116008"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the design and hierarchical control strategy of wind-PV-energy storage and electric vehicle integrated energy systems for zero-carbon buildings","authors":"Yanting Liu,&nbsp;Guohui Feng,&nbsp;Shasha Chang,&nbsp;Yuqian Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zero-carbon buildings achieve energy self-sufficiency through renewable energy like wind and solar, but their power generation is intermittent, while electric vehicles (EVs) as flexible loads can compensate for this drawback. However, the current prevalence of uncoordinated EV charging loads poses significant challenges to grid stability, making the implementation of coordinated control strategies an urgent priority in this field. This study establishes an interactive energy system integrating wind power, photovoltaics, battery energy storage, and EVs, while proposing a hierarchical control strategy for orderly EV charging management. The strategy prioritizes meeting users’ rigid energy demands before addressing flexible load requirements. A dynamic simulation model of the energy system is developed using TRNSYS coupled with MATLAB, with an integrated evaluation framework based on the TOPSIS algorithm proposed to assess system matching capability, flexibility, and environmental benefits. The framework enables systematic performance evaluation across multiple temporal scales and technological configurations. Finally, the analysis investigates the impacts of EV number and commuting time. The constructed system achieves maximum improvements of 57.17% in matching capacity on-site energy fraction (OEF) and 9.03% in on-site energy matching (OEM) compared to conventional systems. Flexibility criteria show maximum reductions of 34.43% in grid integration level (GIL) and 26.53% in net interaction level (NIL). The ordered regulation strategy enhances system matching capability, flexibility, and environmental benefits. The system can provide efficient energy matching for zero-carbon buildings, offering theoretical support for carbon reduction design in building-transportation synergy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 116032"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}