Energy and Buildings最新文献

{"title":"Impact of outdoor air temperature during hostel-classroom commute on student’s classroom performance","authors":"Shashikant Das ,&nbsp;Asit Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Sudhakar Subudhi","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the performance of students attending class, but before attending class, they were at different climatic and metabolic conditions. We investigated the physiological and cognitive impacts of the commute of the students to reach their first lecture of the day. The commute was simulated in one room of a climate chamber, using a bicycle ergometer, at three different temperatures: 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C. Attending the lecture was simulated in a different room of the same climate chamber, at a constant temperature of 26 °C. The participant’s skin and tympanic temperatures, pulse, and blood pressure were recorded at pre-specified time points during the study. The participants performed cognitive tasks, targeting working memory, task switching, and inhibition. Subjective thermal sensation and thermal comfort votes were also collected. The different commute temperatures did not significantly impact task accuracy (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). However, the reaction time in all three tests was found to significantly increase for higher commute temperatures (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). It was found that Stage 1 (i.e., when about to start cycling) and Stage 3 (i.e., entry of classroom) had a significant difference in tympanic and skin temperature (p &lt; 0.05) while Stage 5 (i.e., end of 1 h of class) showed no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05). A similar outcome was seen for thermal sensation votes. Overall, the results point to the outdoor air temperature during summer commutes impacting performance, subjective thermal sensation, and objective physiological measures of thermal comfort during the class hour, immediately following the commute.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115716"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of a novel integrated heating terminal with three-fluid heat exchanger and gravity heat pipe","authors":"Junjie Chi ,&nbsp;Yichi Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Luo ,&nbsp;Xianting Li ,&nbsp;Baolong Wang ,&nbsp;Zixu Yang ,&nbsp;Wenxing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving indoor thermal comfort in intermittently heated rooms while reducing the energy consumption simultaneously plays an important role in building carbon neutrality. Therefore, a novel integrated terminal with three-fluid heat exchanger and gravity heat pipe, which integrated the advantages of convective and radiant units, was proposed. A prototype was developed, and experiments was designed to investigate the heating characteristics. The findings indicate that the total heat transfer capacity of integrated terminal can be adjusted from 673 to 5753 W. System performance exhibits fluctuations within the range of 2.4 to 4.4 W/W and its thermal response time is approximately 20 min. The optimal refrigerant charge for the gravity heat pipe is identified as R1233zd, which is approximately 65 %. Additionally, the gravity heat pipe surface exhibits good uniformity, with a vertical temperature difference of up to 1 °C. In all, the aforementioned experimental results verified the benefits of this terminal in terms of heat transfer, performance, thermal response and temperature uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115728"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined approach to Measurement-System-Design and system identification in building energy retrofits","authors":"Jose Quesada-Allerhand ,&nbsp;Ongun Berk Kazanci ,&nbsp;Christian Hepf ,&nbsp;Thomas Auer ,&nbsp;Ian F.C. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective building-energy retrofits are needed to enhance the energy efficiency of existing buildings. However, discrepancies between predicted and actual energy demand, known as the performance gap, undermine retrofit effectiveness. This work addresses the performance gap by enhancing measurement effectiveness through measurement-system design and system identification for assessing building performance. Measurement-system design involves selecting the type of measurement, timing, and locations. System identification consists of identifying models that align with observed data. Gaps include the lack of measurement-system-design methodologies that avoid preliminary measurements and consider shared information, as well as the need for practical system-identification approaches that incorporate uncertainty and modelling assumptions.</div><div>This paper addresses these gaps by adapting two methodologies from other fields to building-energy retrofits, leveraging domain-specific knowledge alongside building-energy simulations and, as an initial exploratory step, synthetic measurements. A hierarchical algorithm that maximises joint entropy is implemented for measurement-system design, while Error Domain Model Falsification (EDMF), a Bayesian inference variant, is implemented for system identification. Their strengths are assessed, and a combined approach to building energy retrofits is proposed, focusing on measurement timing. EDMF significantly reduces uncertainty in model parameter values and energy demand predictions. The hierarchical algorithm yielded similar system identification results using only half of the available measurements.</div><div>The successful adaptation of these methods is attributed to domain-specific knowledge, which differs significantly from previous applications of the techniques. EDMF effectively manages uncertainty and provides feedback on modelling assumptions, while the hierarchical algorithm optimises measurement selection, together showing potential for enhancing the effectiveness of energy retrofits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of heat pump demand profiles with few Dependencies: A combination of statistical and physical modelling","authors":"Andreas Melillo,&nbsp;Manuel Meyer,&nbsp;Reto Hendry,&nbsp;Philipp Schuetz","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to renewable energy sources, along with the growing adoption of heat pumps used for space heating, presents new challenges for the electric grid and particular for peak load management. A crucial part of exploiting the temporal flexibility of heat pumps is the accurate short-term prediction of their electric demands. This paper introduces a novel predictive model for heat pump electricity consumption profiles by combining a simple physical model and statistical features from limited training periods. The presented approach is validated using real-world data from 70 heat pumps from various sources. In comparison to a baseline model, we achieve a 20% reduction in NRMSE. Two model refinements result in only modest enhancements. Our key conclusion is that in the setting of limited training data, the simple model presented is capable of yielding accurate predictions, its further improvement, however, is not trivial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional breakdown of New Zealand’s residential heat demand and associated emissions","authors":"M.W. Jack ,&nbsp;H.B. Konings ,&nbsp;G.I. Gretton","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantification of heat demand at regional levels is critical for effective decarbonisation initiatives. We use a top-down approach based on climate zones, dwelling and heating-type statistics to estimate the regional breakdown of New Zealand’s residential space and domestic water heat demand. This is further broken down by fuel, enabling the calculation of associated greenhouse gas emissions. The breakdown shows excellent agreement with measured regional electricity consumption. In contrast, a breakdown based on population can overestimate and underestimate greenhouse gas emissions by up to 40 % and 60 %, respectively. The results identify regions with high emission intensity for focused interventions and more detailed planning. We also explore a future scenario where all space and domestic hot water heat is provided by heat pumps. This highlights regions with the most potential for emission reductions and quantifies the impact of greater electrification of heat on local electricity grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and development of retroreflective Materials: A review","authors":"Jihui Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhichao Jiao ,&nbsp;Xiangfei Kong ,&nbsp;Jiale Chai ,&nbsp;Kazuo Emura","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retroreflective materials, which reflect light back to its source for enhanced visibility in low-light conditions, have been pivotal in advancing applications across various fields such as transportation safety, urban heat island mitigation, and energy-efficient architecture. These materials, incorporating technologies like glass beads, microprisms, and nanostructures, have proven essential in improving nighttime road safety by enhancing the visibility of traffic signs, road markings, and safety apparel. In architecture, they help reduce solar heat absorption, improving thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption in urban environments. Recent innovations, including UV-stable polymers, self-cleaning coatings, and multifunctional nanomaterials, have increased the durability and adaptability of retroreflective surfaces. Additionally, emerging technologies such as IoT-enabled adaptive systems enable dynamic reflectivity adjustments to optimize performance under varying environmental conditions.</div><div>The novelty of this research lies in its focus on addressing key challenges in retroreflective material development, such as environmental degradation, high production costs, and limited recyclability, while exploring opportunities for sustainable innovation. This review critically examines these challenges and highlights promising solutions, including bio-inspired materials and advanced manufacturing methods. We emphasize the potential for integrating retroreflective technologies with smart urban systems to maximize energy efficiency and sustainability. Ultimately, retroreflective materials have significant potential to tackle global issues in safety, energy conservation, and climate resilience, but interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to fully realize their impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115707"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic framework for sustainable energy renovation policies in educational buildings: a priority-based approach","authors":"Giacomo Piredda ,&nbsp;Enrico Prataviera ,&nbsp;Laura Carnieletto ,&nbsp;Michele De Carli ,&nbsp;Francesca da Porto","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the sustainability of the construction sector, public and private entities should increase their efforts to define the priority interventions to improve the performance of their properties, including educational buildings. In Italy, most of the schools were built before 1976 without considering energy-saving measures, thus they are in urgent need of renovation. Due to the limited nature of resources, facility managers are increasingly asked to prioritize interventions across the owned building stock, to ensure optimal resource allocation. This work presents an energy performance-based prioritization framework to address educational building stock renovation scenarios, based on three key steps: data collection, energy simulation and priority assignment. It was applied to an educational building stock of 103 buildings in northern Italy. Detailed information was gathered through archival research and on-site inspections, thus returning a full taxonomy of the building stock. Energy simulations were carried out both for the existing and renovated scenarios using an urban building energy modeling tool; results were calibrated with real consumption data, thus providing a realistic energy saving potential for the building stock investigated. The final step consists in analysing three approaches to set renovation priorities reflecting different stakeholders’ goals and perspective: this allowed the development of a replicable methodology for organizing and ranking refurbishment actions by priority, while optimizing resources, minimizing costs, and maximizing effectiveness. Further research will include the integration of non-energy-related factors that might influence the renovation priority assessment, such as structural and social aspects. This comprehensive approach aims to address the multiple needs of educational building stocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling effects of pavement-watering applied to two innovative pavements: Case study from the LIFE “Cool and low noise Asphalt” project","authors":"Maïlys Chanial ,&nbsp;Sophie Parison ,&nbsp;Martin Hendel ,&nbsp;Laurent Royon","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of its adaptation to climate change, the city of Paris has been experimenting pavement-watering since 2013. More recently, in the context of the LIFE “Cool &amp; Low Noise Asphalt” project, innovative pavements were studied in combination with pavement-watering from summer 2019 to 2021. In this paper, the analysis focuses on the performance of pavement-watering conducted on two innovative and one standard pavements deployed rues Frémicourt and Lecourbe. Microclimatic conditions were monitored using fixed weather stations at each location measuring air temperature and humidity, wind speed and black globe temperature, used together to calculate mean radiant temperature. Pavement-watering impacts on Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity and pedestrian heat stress were determined using air temperature and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), respectively. For each pavement, statistically significant effects were observed. Results show maximum reductions between −0.7 to −0.9 °C of air temperature and between −1.5 and −2.2 °C UTCI-equivalent temperature with effects lasting from 3.2 to 7.1 h during the day. No statistically significant effects are observed on UHI intensity at either site. Additional experiments will allow the study of dry pavement performance and the optimization of watering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From vision to action: Boosting building stock decarbonization","authors":"L. Casals-Francas,&nbsp;M. Gangolells,&nbsp;M. Casals","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decision to implement retrofitting measures in large portfolios of building stock depends on multiple factors such as the individual building characteristics (including age, existing energy sources and systems), economic considerations, including investment costs and available funds, and the organization’s strategic priorities. This paper develops a novel, low-complexity decision-making model for fund allocation optimization in energy retrofitting across large-scale building portfolios. Using data from readily available energy performance certificates, the model reduces processing time and resource demands and is based not only on the organization’s self-defined priorities, but also on compulsory priorities to ensure compliance with the requirements of the new Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). The model was applied to the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya’s (UPC) portfolio of 50 buildings. It provides a step-by-step retrofitting plan tailored to the priorities set by the university governing board.</div><div>The results identified photovoltaic panel installation as the most cost-effective strategy for reducing energy bills, which also meets the requirements of the new EPBD. Additionally, phasing out natural gas boilers and replacing them entirely with biomass boilers, with an investment of €2.6 million, would reduce heating energy consumption by 92%. This aligns with EPBD energy efficiency thresholds and facilitates the transition to zero-emission buildings by 2050.</div><div>The model can be adapted to other (public or private) organizations that manage large portfolios of buildings in any context, with flexibility and scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 115692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized design of hospital open space based on outdoor thermal comfort: The case of Shaanxi People’s Hospital in China","authors":"Meng Zhen ,&nbsp;Weijie Xia ,&nbsp;Guoxiao Sun ,&nbsp;Changfang Huang ,&nbsp;Jing Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal environment of hospital open spaces is crucial to users. However, existing studies often overlook the differences in thermal comfort between patients and healthy individuals. Therefore, there is a need for specialized research focusing on patients to explore their specific outdoor thermal comfort levels. This study takes the People’s Hospital of Shaanxi Province, China, as a case study, utilizing questionnaires and field measurements to investigate the thermal environment of hospital open spaces. The results indicate that air temperature and black globe temperature are the primary meteorological factors influencing the thermal sensation of all subjects. The neutral Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for healthy individuals was found to be 16.9 °C, while for patients, it was 18.8 °C, with an overall neutral UTCI of 17.5 °C for all subjects. The neutral UTCI range for healthy individuals was 12.6–21.2 °C, for patients, it was 14.5–23.1 °C, and for all subjects, it was 13.1–21.9 °C. The thermal acceptable range for healthy individuals was 13.5–20.1 °C, for patients, it was 14.3–22.4 °C, and for all subjects, it was 12.9–21.5 °C. These findings provide data support for optimizing the outdoor thermal comfort design of hospitals and serve as a basis for establishing or revising thermal comfort standards for hospital open spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}