Endocrine Research最新文献

{"title":"Differential Risk of Cancer Associated with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Analysis of Real-world Databases.","authors":"Jiasheng Wang,&nbsp;Chang H Kim","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1955255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1955255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ra) are commonly used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, differential risk of various cancers among GLP1Ra recipients is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We inquired an aggregated electronic health record database, Explorys, and compared the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of cancers between GLP1Ra and metformin users. Findings were validated in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FDA FAERS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1/2005 to 6/2019, we identified 619 340 and 64 230 patients in the metformin and GLP1Ra group, respectively. Within 5 years of starting antidiabetic medications, GLP1Ra was associated with significantly lower incident risk of prostate (aOR 0.81, <i>p</i> = .03), lung (aOR 0.81, <i>p</i> = .05), and colon cancer (aOR 0.85, <i>p</i> = .03), while the risk of thyroid cancer was significantly higher (aOR 1.65, <i>p</i> < .01). Similar findings were seen in the FDA FAERS database, where GLP1Ra was associated with lower risk of prostate (aOR 0.72, <i>p</i> = .08), lung (aOR 0.52, <i>p</i> < .01), colon cancer (aOR 0.82, <i>p</i> = .31), and higher risk of thyroid cancer (aOR 4.33, <i>p</i> < .01). In addition, with longer duration of GLP1Ra use, the risk of prostate, lung, and colon cancer further decreased, suggesting an exposure duration-response relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLP1Ra is associated with lower risks of prostate, lung, and colon cancer, but higher risk of thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39366071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia is Associated with Reduced Survival following Surgery for Adrenocortical Carcinoma.","authors":"Mechteld C de Jong,&nbsp;Neel Patel,&nbsp;Zaki Hassan-Smith,&nbsp;Radu Mihai,&nbsp;Shahab Khan","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1954942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1954942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy and robust prognostic factors remain unclear. The presence of sarcopenia has been shown to negatively impact survival for other malignancies, but has not been extensively analyzed in ACC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent resection of their ACC between 2010 and 2020 were identified; therapeutic, operative, and outcome data were analyzed. Sarcopenia was assessed by calculation of the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and was defined as an SMI <52.4cm²/m² for males and <38.5cm²/m² for females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data on 35 patients (18 F: 17 M; median age 54 [range: 18-86]) who had primary surgical treatment were analyzed. Median tumor size was 10 cm [range:3-15]. In eleven patients (31%), the tumor was hormonally active (cortisol = 8;23%). Seventeen patients (49%) were classified as having sarcopenia on their pre-operative CT scan. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for intra- and inter-observer variability showed very good agreement (0.99 and 0.98). There was no difference in incidence of sarcopenia stratifying for sex, BMI, or tumor-size, but incidence was higher with increasing age (<i>p</i> < .05). Overall median survival was 36 months, with 1- and 3-year survival rates of 77% and 52%. The presence of sarcopenia was strongly associated with a shorter overall survival (HR = 3.21; [95%CI: 1.06-9.69];<i>p</i> = .03) on unadjusted analyses. Moreover, age, higher T-stage, and presence of capsular invasion were also associated with poorer survival on univariable analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of sarcopenia in patients undergoing surgery for ACC could be a predictor of reduced overall survival, although replications of these analyses should be performed in similar, larger cohorts. Specifically, the influence of a patient's hormonal status on the manifestation of sarcopenia should be further defined.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1954942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39269165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-treatment heterogeneity of cardiometabolic risk in patients with acromegaly: The impact of GH and IGF-1.","authors":"Mahshid Heydari,&nbsp;Nahid Hashemi-Madani,&nbsp;Zahra Emami,&nbsp;Alireza Khajavi,&nbsp;Mohammad Ghorbani,&nbsp;Mojtaba Malek,&nbsp;Manizhe Ataei Kachuee,&nbsp;Mohammad E Khamseh","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1931298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1931298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic abnormalities are frequently seen in patients with acromegaly. However, it is not clear to what extent growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) contributes to the development of these abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the impact of postoperative GH/IGF-1 on different aspects of metabolic abnormalities in patients with acromegaly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, registry-based study conducted on 102 patients with acromegaly. The impact of GH/IGF-1 on the cardiometabolic risk factors at 3-12 months after surgery has been investigated using linear and logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, each 1 ng/ml increase in the level of GH was significantly associated with a 2 mg/dl increase in the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), a 0.5 mmHg increase in the level of systolic blood pressure (SBP), and a 0.9 mmHg increase in the level of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Upon multivariate analysis, GH, but not IGF-1, significantly increased the odds of diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR; 1.2, 95% CI; 1.0-1.4, <i>p</i> = .025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicated at early postoperative stage, GH is significantly associated with the levels of FBG, SBP, and DBP. Moreover, GH, but not IGF-1, appears as a predictive factor for the presence of DM. However, neither GH nor IGF-1 could predict the presence of hypertension <b>HTN</b>, or dyslipidemia in this study.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>CVD: Cardiovascular disease; GH: Growth hormone; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; BMI: Body mass index; HTN: hypertension; IPTR: Iran Pituitary Tumor Registry; WC: Waist circumference; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1C: Glycated hemoglobin; TG: Triglyceride; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1931298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38994347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of RGS2 and Slug in the Androgen-induced Acquisition of Mesenchymal Features of Breast MDA-MB-453 Cancer Cells.","authors":"Dana B Alsafadi,&nbsp;Mohammad S Abdullah,&nbsp;Randa Bawadi,&nbsp;Mamoun Ahram","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2022.2036752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2022.2036752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells is a prerequisite to cancer cell invasion and metastasis. This process involves a network of molecular alterations. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the biology of breast cancers, particularly those dependent on AR expression like luminal AR (LAR) breast cancer subtype. We have recently reported that the AR agonist, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), induces a mesenchymal transition of MDA-MB-453 cells, concomitant with transcriptional up-regulation of Slug and regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The role of Slug and RGS2 in mediating the DHT-induced effects in these cells was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MDA-MB-453 cells were used as a model system of LAR breast cancer. Immunofluorescence was used to examine cell morphology and protein localization. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. Protein localization was confirmed by cell fractionation followed by immunoblotting. Protein-protein interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. Transwell membranes were used to assess cell migration. Transfection of cells with siRNA molecules that target Slug and RGS2 mRNA was utilized to delineate the modes of action of these two molecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment of MDA-MB-453 cells with DHT induced the expression of both proteins. In addition, AR-Slug, AR-RGS2, and Slug-RGS2 interactions were observed shortly after AR activation. Knocking down Slug abrogated the basal, but not the DHT-induced, cell migration and blocked DHT-induced mesenchymal transition. On the other hand, RGS2 knocked-down cells had an increased level of Slug protein and assumed mesenchymal cell morphology with induced migration, and the addition of DHT further elongated cell morphology and stimulated their migration. Inhibition of AR or β-catenin reverted the RGS2 knocked-down cells to the epithelial phenotype, but only inhibition of AR blocked their DHT-induced migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest the involvement of RGS2 and Slug in a complex molecular network regulating the DHT-induced mesenchymal features in MDA-MB-453 cells. The study may offer a better understanding of the biological role of AR in breast cancer toward devising AR-based therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"47 2","pages":"64-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39802704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Thyroid Function and Prognosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Shan Lang,&nbsp;Ye Liu,&nbsp;Xue Qu,&nbsp;Ran Lu,&nbsp;Wei Fu,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang,&nbsp;Haining Wang,&nbsp;Tianpei Hong","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1924770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1924770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe infectious illness. It has been reported that COVID-19 has an effect on thyroid function. However, the association between thyroid function and prognosis of COVID-19 is still unclear.<b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study included patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 28 to April 4, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected from patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Patients without history of thyroid disease who had a thyroid function test at admission were enrolled in the final analysis. Risk factors of in-hospital death were explored using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Survival differences were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test.<b>Results</b>: A total of 127 patients were included in this study, with 116 survivors and 11 non-survivors. The serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) [0.8 (0.5-1.7) <i>vs</i>. 1.9 (1.0-3.1) μIU/mL, <i>P</i> = .031] and free triiodothyronine (FT₃) [2.9 (2.8-3.1) <i>vs</i>. 4.2 (3.5-4.7) pmol/L, <i>P</i> < .001] were lower in non-survivors than in survivors, and a low FT₃ state (defined as FT₃ < 3.1 pmol/L) at admission accounted for a higher proportion in non-survivors than in survivors (72.7% <i>vs</i>. 11.2%, <i>P</i> < .001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that FT₃ level (HR 0.213, 95% CI: 0.101-0.451, <i>P</i> < .001) and the low FT₃ state (HR 14.607, 95% CI: 3.873-55.081, <i>P</i> < .001) were negatively and positively associated with the risk of in-hospital death, respectively. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a low FT₃ state was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death after adjusting for confounding factors (HR 13.288, 95% CI: 1.089-162.110, <i>P</i> = .043). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a lower survival probability in COVID-19 patients with a low FT₃ status.<b>Conclusion</b>: Serum FT₃ level is lower in non-survivors among moderate-to-critical patients with COVID-19, and the low FT₃ state is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1924770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39001931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ratios of Triglycerides and C-reactive protein to High density-lipoprotein -cholesterol as valid biochemical markers of the Nascent Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Ishwarlal Jialal,&nbsp;Beverley Adams-Huet","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1930039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1930039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims</b>: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cardiometabolic cluster, is a major global problem. The ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a good biomarker of MetS in certain populations  C-reactive protein (CRP) has also been also shown to be a biomarker of MetS. Since CRP captures inflammation, we compared the ratios of TG to HDL-C and CRP to HDL-C in patients with nascent MetS.<b>Methods</b>: Patients with MetS (<i>n</i> = 58) and matched controls (<i>n</i> = 44) were recruited. Fasting blood samples were obtained for routine laboratories, insulin, and adipokines. TG and CRP ratios to HDL-C were calculated. Data were analyzed statistically.<b>Results</b>: Both the TG to HDL-C and CRP to HDL-C ratios were significantly increased in MetS and both increased with increasing severity of MetS. Whilst both correlated with cardiometabolic features and insulin resistance, only the CRP to HDL-C ratio correlated significantly with adiponectin and leptin. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that both ratios showed excellent discrimination for MetS with no significant differences between ratios.<b>Conclusions</b>: Thus both the TG to HDL-C and CRP to HDL-C ratios are significantly increased in patients with nascent MetS and appear to be valid biomarkers of MetS. However, these preliminary findings with CRP: HDL-C need confirmation in large prospective studies and could have important implications for assessing cardiometabolic risk in African Americans, an under-served population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"196-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1930039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism are at Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Compared to Men in an Older Chinese Population.","authors":"Ling Deng,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zheng,&nbsp;Ping Shuai,&nbsp;Yuping Liu","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1928177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1928177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: This study investigated the impact of sex differences on the relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in an older Chinese population.<b>Methods</b>: The study included 1842 older Chinese individuals aged 65 years or older who received annual health checkups. The impact of sex differences on the relationship of SCH with the prevalence of MetS and its components was investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Interaction effect between sex and SCH on the prevalence of MetS and its components were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model which includes interaction terms (sex-SCH).<b>Results</b>: The study comprised 1701 (92.3%) individuals with euthyroidism and 141 (7.7%) with SCH. In men, SCH was not associated with MetS or any components of the MetS. In women, the SCH group had higher prevalence of MetS [odds ratio (OR), 1.870; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.136-3.079], abdominal obesity (OR, 1.693; 95% CI, 1.043-2.748), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.711; 95% CI, 1.054-2.775) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR, 3.039; 95% CI, 1.576-5.861). There was an interaction between sex and SCH in terms of the effect on the prevalence of MetS and its components, including abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia (<i>P</i> < .01 for all), and with a trend for low HDL-C (<i>P</i> = .098).<b>Conclusion</b>: There were sex differences in the correlation of SCH with the prevalence of MetS and its components in the older Chinese population. An interaction effect between sex and SCH on the prevalence of MetS and its components was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1928177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38930841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Alternative Metabolic Pathways of L-Arginine in Circulating Leukocytes in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Nina Alchujyan,&nbsp;Margarita Hovhannisyan,&nbsp;Nina Movsesyan,&nbsp;Arthur Melkonyan,&nbsp;Vanuhi Shaboyan,&nbsp;Yelena Aghajanova,&nbsp;Grigory Minasyan,&nbsp;Guevork Kevorkian","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1920608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1920608","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;: Sexual dimorphism in specific biochemical pathways and immune response, underlies the heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and affects the outcome of immunotherapy. Arginase and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) metabolize L-arginine and play opposite roles in the immune response and autoimmune processes.&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; We hypothesized that the above mentioned enzymes can be involved in sex and age differences in T1DM and its treatment. Based on this, the enzymes have been studied in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and plasma of young people with T1DM.&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Patients were recruited from Muratsan University Hospital (Yerevan, Armenia) and were divided into groups: girls and boys by age, from children to adolescents and adolescents/young adults with recent-onset T1DM (RO-T1DM) (0.1-1 years) and long-term T1DM (LT-T1DM) (1.6-9.9 years). Arginase activity was assessed by L-arginine-dependent production of L-ornithine, and the NOS activity was assessed by NO/nitrite production. Glycemic control was assessed using hemoglobin A1c test. Plasma HbA1c concentration below 7.5% (median (range) 6.7 [6.2-7.5]) was taken as good glycemic control (+) and above 7.5% (median (range) 10.5 [7.6-13]) as poor glycemic control (-). Healthy volunteers with corresponding sex and age were used as the control group.&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All the patients with RO-T1DM, with poor glycemic control, had increased arginase activity in the cytoplasm (cARG) and mitochondria (mARG) in PBL. In girls with RO-T1DM, with good glycemic control, the subcellular arginase activity decreased, and normalized in LT-T1DM, regardless of age. In contrast, boys from both age groups showed high arginase activity, regardless of glycemic control and duration of T1DM along with insulin therapy. At the same time, a significant decrease in the subcellular production of bioavailable NO was observed in children/preadolescents, regardless of glycemic control and duration of diabetes. In adolescents/young adult boys with RO-T1DM, with (-), the subcellular production of NO decreased significantly, and with LT-T1DM, the decrease was attenuated, but even with (+) remained lower than in healthy people. In contrast, in the group of same age girls with RO-T1DM, NO production increased above normal in both cellular compartments, while with LT-T1DM it normalized in the cytoplasm. In adolescents/young adults with LT-T1DM, NO production in PBL mitochondria decreased by almost a half, regardless of glycemic control and gender. Changes in the metabolic pathways of L-arginine in plasma differed and were less substantial than in the PBL cellular compartments in T1DM.&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Glycemic status and duration of T1DM along with insulin therapy affect the activity of arginase and NOS-dependent production of bioavailable NO in the cytoplasm and mitochondria in PBL of young patients with T1DM, depending on sex and age. Arginase and NOS can directly affect the processes occurr","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1920608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38956047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing the Efficacy of Radioactive Iodine Monotherapy versus Radioactive Iodine Therapy and Adjunctive Lithium for the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism.","authors":"Fahad Wali Ahmed,&nbsp;Omar Zuhair Kirresh,&nbsp;Muhammad Shakeel Majeed,&nbsp;Mawara Iftikhar,&nbsp;Muhammad Shafique Sajid","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1924769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1924769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The objective of this article is to evaluate the outcomes in patients undergoing radioactive iodine (RAI) with adjunctive lithium (Li) therapy versus (vs.) RAI therapy alone for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.<b>Methods</b>: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to analyze clinical trials comparing RAI with adjunctive Li therapy vs. RAI therapy alone for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.<b>Results</b>: Six randomized-controlled trials (RCT) involving 755 patients were analyzed. RAI with adjunctive Li was associated with a significantly higher cure rate for hyperthyroidism when compared to RAI alone. Furthermore, a significantly higher cure rate for hyperthyroidism at 12 months was achieved with RAI and adjunctive Li. Adjuvant Li with RAI for ≤ 7 days showed significantly higher cure rate compared to RAI alone, whereas > 7 days of adjuvant Li with RAI did not show any difference in cure rate compared to RAI alone. RAI with adjunctive Li was associated with a significantly higher cure rate for patients with Graves' disease compared to RAI alone. There was no significant difference between RAI with adjunctive Li and RAI alone for toxic nodular thyroid disorder (toxic nodule and toxic multinodular goiter) and thyroid volume >40 grams and ≤40 grams.<b>Conclusions</b>: RAI with adjunctive Li therapy demonstrated superiority over RAI therapy alone with regards to both curing hyperthyroidism and, reduced time till cure, with a limited side effect profile. A large multicenter RCT is required, and if this confirms the data from these smaller trials, then this could change current practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1924769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38942863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AST-120 Treatment Alters the Gut Microbiota Composition and Suppresses Hepatic Triglyceride Levels in Obese Mice.","authors":"Yuki Hiraga,&nbsp;Tetsuya Kubota,&nbsp;Makoto Katoh,&nbsp;Yasushi Horai,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Suzuki,&nbsp;Yusuke Yamashita,&nbsp;Rieko Hirata,&nbsp;Masao Moroi","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1927074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1927074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide. The existence of a relationship between the microbiota and the pathology of hepatic steatosis is also becoming increasingly clear. AST-120, an oral spherical carbon adsorbent, has been shown to be useful for delaying dialysis initiation and improving uremic symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, little is known about the effect of AST-120 on fatty liver.<b>Methods:</b> AST-120 (5% w/w) was administrated to 6-week-old male <i>db/db</i> mice for 8 weeks. The body weight, blood glucose and food consumption were examined. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, lipid droplets and epididymal fat cell size were measured. The gut microbiota compositions were investigated in feces and cecum.<b>Results:</b> Significant decreases of the hepatic weight and hepatic TG levels were observed in the AST-120-treated <i>db/db</i> mice. Furthermore, AST-120 treatment was also associated with a decrease of Bacteroidetes, increase of Firmicutes, and a reduced ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (B/F ratio) in the feces in the <i>db/db</i> mice. The B/F ratio in the feces was correlated with the liver weight and area of the liver occupied by lipid droplets in the <i>db/db</i> mice.<b>Conclusions:</b> These data suggest that AST-120 treatment alters the composition of the fecal microbiota and suppresses hepatic TG levels in the <i>db/db</i> mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"178-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1927074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39038507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}