Endocrine Research最新文献

{"title":"The Ratios of Triglycerides and C-reactive protein to High density-lipoprotein -cholesterol as valid biochemical markers of the Nascent Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Ishwarlal Jialal,&nbsp;Beverley Adams-Huet","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1930039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1930039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims</b>: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cardiometabolic cluster, is a major global problem. The ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a good biomarker of MetS in certain populations  C-reactive protein (CRP) has also been also shown to be a biomarker of MetS. Since CRP captures inflammation, we compared the ratios of TG to HDL-C and CRP to HDL-C in patients with nascent MetS.<b>Methods</b>: Patients with MetS (<i>n</i> = 58) and matched controls (<i>n</i> = 44) were recruited. Fasting blood samples were obtained for routine laboratories, insulin, and adipokines. TG and CRP ratios to HDL-C were calculated. Data were analyzed statistically.<b>Results</b>: Both the TG to HDL-C and CRP to HDL-C ratios were significantly increased in MetS and both increased with increasing severity of MetS. Whilst both correlated with cardiometabolic features and insulin resistance, only the CRP to HDL-C ratio correlated significantly with adiponectin and leptin. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that both ratios showed excellent discrimination for MetS with no significant differences between ratios.<b>Conclusions</b>: Thus both the TG to HDL-C and CRP to HDL-C ratios are significantly increased in patients with nascent MetS and appear to be valid biomarkers of MetS. However, these preliminary findings with CRP: HDL-C need confirmation in large prospective studies and could have important implications for assessing cardiometabolic risk in African Americans, an under-served population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"196-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1930039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism are at Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Compared to Men in an Older Chinese Population.","authors":"Ling Deng,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zheng,&nbsp;Ping Shuai,&nbsp;Yuping Liu","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1928177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1928177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: This study investigated the impact of sex differences on the relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in an older Chinese population.<b>Methods</b>: The study included 1842 older Chinese individuals aged 65 years or older who received annual health checkups. The impact of sex differences on the relationship of SCH with the prevalence of MetS and its components was investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Interaction effect between sex and SCH on the prevalence of MetS and its components were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model which includes interaction terms (sex-SCH).<b>Results</b>: The study comprised 1701 (92.3%) individuals with euthyroidism and 141 (7.7%) with SCH. In men, SCH was not associated with MetS or any components of the MetS. In women, the SCH group had higher prevalence of MetS [odds ratio (OR), 1.870; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.136-3.079], abdominal obesity (OR, 1.693; 95% CI, 1.043-2.748), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.711; 95% CI, 1.054-2.775) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR, 3.039; 95% CI, 1.576-5.861). There was an interaction between sex and SCH in terms of the effect on the prevalence of MetS and its components, including abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia (<i>P</i> < .01 for all), and with a trend for low HDL-C (<i>P</i> = .098).<b>Conclusion</b>: There were sex differences in the correlation of SCH with the prevalence of MetS and its components in the older Chinese population. An interaction effect between sex and SCH on the prevalence of MetS and its components was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1928177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38930841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Alternative Metabolic Pathways of L-Arginine in Circulating Leukocytes in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Nina Alchujyan,&nbsp;Margarita Hovhannisyan,&nbsp;Nina Movsesyan,&nbsp;Arthur Melkonyan,&nbsp;Vanuhi Shaboyan,&nbsp;Yelena Aghajanova,&nbsp;Grigory Minasyan,&nbsp;Guevork Kevorkian","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1920608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1920608","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;: Sexual dimorphism in specific biochemical pathways and immune response, underlies the heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and affects the outcome of immunotherapy. Arginase and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) metabolize L-arginine and play opposite roles in the immune response and autoimmune processes.&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; We hypothesized that the above mentioned enzymes can be involved in sex and age differences in T1DM and its treatment. Based on this, the enzymes have been studied in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and plasma of young people with T1DM.&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Patients were recruited from Muratsan University Hospital (Yerevan, Armenia) and were divided into groups: girls and boys by age, from children to adolescents and adolescents/young adults with recent-onset T1DM (RO-T1DM) (0.1-1 years) and long-term T1DM (LT-T1DM) (1.6-9.9 years). Arginase activity was assessed by L-arginine-dependent production of L-ornithine, and the NOS activity was assessed by NO/nitrite production. Glycemic control was assessed using hemoglobin A1c test. Plasma HbA1c concentration below 7.5% (median (range) 6.7 [6.2-7.5]) was taken as good glycemic control (+) and above 7.5% (median (range) 10.5 [7.6-13]) as poor glycemic control (-). Healthy volunteers with corresponding sex and age were used as the control group.&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All the patients with RO-T1DM, with poor glycemic control, had increased arginase activity in the cytoplasm (cARG) and mitochondria (mARG) in PBL. In girls with RO-T1DM, with good glycemic control, the subcellular arginase activity decreased, and normalized in LT-T1DM, regardless of age. In contrast, boys from both age groups showed high arginase activity, regardless of glycemic control and duration of T1DM along with insulin therapy. At the same time, a significant decrease in the subcellular production of bioavailable NO was observed in children/preadolescents, regardless of glycemic control and duration of diabetes. In adolescents/young adult boys with RO-T1DM, with (-), the subcellular production of NO decreased significantly, and with LT-T1DM, the decrease was attenuated, but even with (+) remained lower than in healthy people. In contrast, in the group of same age girls with RO-T1DM, NO production increased above normal in both cellular compartments, while with LT-T1DM it normalized in the cytoplasm. In adolescents/young adults with LT-T1DM, NO production in PBL mitochondria decreased by almost a half, regardless of glycemic control and gender. Changes in the metabolic pathways of L-arginine in plasma differed and were less substantial than in the PBL cellular compartments in T1DM.&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Glycemic status and duration of T1DM along with insulin therapy affect the activity of arginase and NOS-dependent production of bioavailable NO in the cytoplasm and mitochondria in PBL of young patients with T1DM, depending on sex and age. Arginase and NOS can directly affect the processes occurr","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1920608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38956047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing the Efficacy of Radioactive Iodine Monotherapy versus Radioactive Iodine Therapy and Adjunctive Lithium for the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism.","authors":"Fahad Wali Ahmed,&nbsp;Omar Zuhair Kirresh,&nbsp;Muhammad Shakeel Majeed,&nbsp;Mawara Iftikhar,&nbsp;Muhammad Shafique Sajid","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1924769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1924769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The objective of this article is to evaluate the outcomes in patients undergoing radioactive iodine (RAI) with adjunctive lithium (Li) therapy versus (vs.) RAI therapy alone for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.<b>Methods</b>: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to analyze clinical trials comparing RAI with adjunctive Li therapy vs. RAI therapy alone for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.<b>Results</b>: Six randomized-controlled trials (RCT) involving 755 patients were analyzed. RAI with adjunctive Li was associated with a significantly higher cure rate for hyperthyroidism when compared to RAI alone. Furthermore, a significantly higher cure rate for hyperthyroidism at 12 months was achieved with RAI and adjunctive Li. Adjuvant Li with RAI for ≤ 7 days showed significantly higher cure rate compared to RAI alone, whereas > 7 days of adjuvant Li with RAI did not show any difference in cure rate compared to RAI alone. RAI with adjunctive Li was associated with a significantly higher cure rate for patients with Graves' disease compared to RAI alone. There was no significant difference between RAI with adjunctive Li and RAI alone for toxic nodular thyroid disorder (toxic nodule and toxic multinodular goiter) and thyroid volume >40 grams and ≤40 grams.<b>Conclusions</b>: RAI with adjunctive Li therapy demonstrated superiority over RAI therapy alone with regards to both curing hyperthyroidism and, reduced time till cure, with a limited side effect profile. A large multicenter RCT is required, and if this confirms the data from these smaller trials, then this could change current practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1924769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38942863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AST-120 Treatment Alters the Gut Microbiota Composition and Suppresses Hepatic Triglyceride Levels in Obese Mice.","authors":"Yuki Hiraga,&nbsp;Tetsuya Kubota,&nbsp;Makoto Katoh,&nbsp;Yasushi Horai,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Suzuki,&nbsp;Yusuke Yamashita,&nbsp;Rieko Hirata,&nbsp;Masao Moroi","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1927074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1927074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide. The existence of a relationship between the microbiota and the pathology of hepatic steatosis is also becoming increasingly clear. AST-120, an oral spherical carbon adsorbent, has been shown to be useful for delaying dialysis initiation and improving uremic symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, little is known about the effect of AST-120 on fatty liver.<b>Methods:</b> AST-120 (5% w/w) was administrated to 6-week-old male <i>db/db</i> mice for 8 weeks. The body weight, blood glucose and food consumption were examined. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, lipid droplets and epididymal fat cell size were measured. The gut microbiota compositions were investigated in feces and cecum.<b>Results:</b> Significant decreases of the hepatic weight and hepatic TG levels were observed in the AST-120-treated <i>db/db</i> mice. Furthermore, AST-120 treatment was also associated with a decrease of Bacteroidetes, increase of Firmicutes, and a reduced ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (B/F ratio) in the feces in the <i>db/db</i> mice. The B/F ratio in the feces was correlated with the liver weight and area of the liver occupied by lipid droplets in the <i>db/db</i> mice.<b>Conclusions:</b> These data suggest that AST-120 treatment alters the composition of the fecal microbiota and suppresses hepatic TG levels in the <i>db/db</i> mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"178-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1927074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39038507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) and Hyperinsulinemia in Healthy Normal-weight, Prepubertal Mexican Children.","authors":"Martha Rodríguez-Moran,&nbsp;Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez,&nbsp;Lucia Preza-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Fernando Guerrero-Romero","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1881966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1881966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>. Given the numerous gaps in our knowledge about the biological interactions of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], we determined whether Lp(a) was associated with hyperinsulinemia in healthy normal-weight, prepubertal children.<b>Methods</b>. A total of 131 healthy normal-weight Mexican children aged 6 to 9 years at Tanner stage 1 who were born appropriate for gestational age were enrolled in a case-control study. Children with hyperinsulinemia were allocated into the case group (n = 32), and children with normal insulin levels were allocated into the control group (n = 99). Birth weight, age, and body mass index were matching criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) between Lp(a) and both hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between Lp(a) and both insulin levels and HOMA-IR. Both models were adjusted by sex, age, birth weight, and body mass index.<b>Results</b>. The median (25-75 percentile) serum levels of Lp(a) [20.0 (13.7-29.6) <i>versus</i> 14.6 (10.6-26.7) mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .003] and insulin [24.5 (6.0-30) <i>versus</i> 7.9 (4.3-9.0) µU/L, <i>p</i> < .0005] were higher in the case group than in the control group. The logistic regression analysis showed that Lp(a) was associated with hyperinsulinemia (OR 5.86; 95%CI 2.5-13.6, <i>p</i> < .0005) and insulin resistance (OR 2.01; 95%CI 1.1-9.9, <i>p</i> = .004). In addition, the linear regression analysis showed a significant association between serum Lp(a) and insulin levels (β 11.1; 95%CI 1.8-10.9, <i>p</i> < .0001) and the HOMA-IR index (β 2.606; 95%CI 2.3-2.9, <i>p</i> < .0005).<b>Conclusion</b>. Lp(a) was associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in healthy normal-weight, prepubertal children.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1881966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25343722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Adult Height Prediction Methods in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency.","authors":"İbrahim Mert Erbaş,&nbsp;Zeynep Ölmez,&nbsp;Ahu Paketçi,&nbsp;Korcan Demir,&nbsp;Ece Böber,&nbsp;Ayhan Abacı","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1916029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1916029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: In patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency, the prediction of adult height before initiation of GH treatment can be helpful to guide clinicians and families. However, data regarding the effectiveness of prediction methods in such patients are limited.<b>Objective</b>: We aimed to investigate the accuracy of the three most used adult height prediction methods [Bayley-Pinneau (BP), Roche-Wainer-Thissen (RWT), and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW2)] by comparing their results with the near-adult height (NAH) data of children treated with GH.<b>Methods</b>: A single-center retrospective study was conducted including patients treated with somatotropin due to GH deficiency. Bone age radiographs were reread by three authors. Adult height predictions were made using BP, RWT, and TW2 methods for each patient.<b>Results</b>: Forty-nine patients with GH deficiency [median age at diagnosis 10.8 (9.2-12.0) years, 63.3% girls, 69.4% prepubertal] were included. Median differences between predicted adult height (PAH) and NAH standard deviation (SD) scores were -0.5, 0.0, and 0.3 for BP, RWT, and TW2 methods, respectively. The rates of PAH within ±1 SD score of NAH were 54.7%, 62.3%, and 77.4% for BP, TW2, and RWT methods, respectively. RWT was the most accurate method in girls, however, it showed a similar efficiency with TW2 in prepubertal patients or those with delayed bone age between 1-2 years, independent of gender.<b>Conclusions</b>: We found that RWT and TW2 methods may be preferable rather than the BP method for predicting adult height in patients with a diagnosis of GH deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1916029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38909241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between insulin-like growth factor 1 levels within reference range and early postoperative remission rate in patients with Cushing's disease.","authors":"Emre Gezer,&nbsp;Berrin Çetinarslan,&nbsp;Alev Selek,&nbsp;Zeynep Cantürk,&nbsp;Mehmet Sözen,&nbsp;Özlem Elen,&nbsp;Canan Baydemir,&nbsp;Burak Çabuk,&nbsp;Savaş Ceylan","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1883056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1883056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and glucocorticoids (GC) was examined in various studies. Long-term GC treatment was shown to decrease GH concentration and, interestingly, to increase IGF-1 concentration. We performed a retrospective study in order to examine how preoperative IGF-1 concentrations vary within the reference range and if tertiles of age- and sex-adjusted normal IGF-1 are predictive for early postoperative remission in the patients with Cushing's Disease (CD).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with CD were retrospectively evaluated. After the exclusion of 67 patients, a final cohort of 250 CD patients were included. Age- and sex-adjusted normal IGF-1 levels were divided into tertiles (T1, T2 and T3). Early postoperative remission was defined as a nadir morning cortisol concentration measured within the first 3 consecutive days following surgery of less than 5 µg/dL (138 nmol/L).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early postoperative remission rate was the lowest in T1 and highest in T3; 49.1% (n = 28) versus 77.3% (n = 75), <i>p</i> = .001, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed the remission rate in T3 was three times higher than that in T1 (<i>p</i> = .003). Cortisol and ACTH concentration were significantly higher and GH concentrations were significantly lower in T1 compared to those in the other two tertiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the first study evaluating the correlation between early postoperative remission rate in patients with CD and the tertiles of normal age- and sex-adjusted IGF-1 levels, we have shown that higher IGF-1 levels could predict better outcome in CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1883056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25350627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of β-catenin in Androgen-induced Mesenchymal Transition of Breast MDA-MB-453 Cancer Cells.","authors":"Mamoun Ahram,&nbsp;Randa Bawadi,&nbsp;Mohammad S Abdullah,&nbsp;Dana B Alsafadi,&nbsp;Haneen Abaza,&nbsp;Sallam Abdallah,&nbsp;Ebtihal Mustafa","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1895829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1895829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> The cellular and molecular dynamics of DHT-induced EMT in MDA-MB-453 cells were investigated.<b>Methods</b>:PCR arrays were used to examine the expression of EMT-regulatory genes. Immunoblotting was used to detect protein levels and confirm protein-protein interaction following immunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence was used to observe rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and cell morphology. Cell migration was assessed by transwell assay<b>Results:</b> Change of cell morphology was concomitant with increased cell migration after treating cells with DHT. Exposure of cells to DHT for one hour was sufficient to induce changes in cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton after 72 hours indicating altered gene expression. A long-term lasting nuclear translocation of AR was observed after a short exposure of cells to DHT. Investigating the expression of 84 EMT-related genes revealed down-expression of β-catenin, N-cadherin, and TCF-4 and increased expression of Slug, all of which were confirmed at the protein level. Yet, not only early interaction of AR and β-catenin was observed following AR activation, inhibition of β-catenin blocked DHT-induced mesenchymal transition and migration. Wnt signaling was found to be partially important in DHT-induced morphological alteration. The mesenchymal transition of cells could be induced by treating cells with an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, an enzyme that inhibits β-catenin; this morphological transition could be reversed by antagonizing AR suggesting that AR functions downstream of β-catenin.<b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that MDA-MB-453 cells undergo partial EMT induced by DHT, β-catenin is critical for this phenotypic change, and AR probably reciprocally mediates the mesenchymal transition of these cells upon activation of GSK-3 β.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"114-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1895829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25462902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Glucocorticoid Receptor on Sex Differences of Gene Expression Profile in Skeletal Muscle.","authors":"Noritada Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Aya Oda,&nbsp;Hiroki Yamazaki,&nbsp;Motohisa Yamamoto,&nbsp;Akiko Kuribara-Souta,&nbsp;Masaaki Uehara,&nbsp;Hirotoshi Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1884874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1884874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle functions as a locomotory system and maintains whole-body metabolism. Sex differences in such skeletal muscle morphology and function have been documented; however, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical hormones maintaining homeostasis, including regulating whole-body energy metabolism in addition to stress response. In skeletal muscle, glucocorticoids can reduce the synthesis of muscle proteins and simultaneously accelerate the breakdown of proteins to regulate skeletal muscle mass and energy metabolism via a transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We herein evaluated the related contributions of the GR to sex differences of gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle using GR-floxed (GRf/f) and skeletal muscle-specific GR knockout (GRmKO) mice. There were no differences in GR mRNA and protein expression levels in gastrocnemius muscle between males and females. A DNA microarray analysis using gastrocnemius muscle from GRf/f and GRmKO mice revealed that, although most gene expression levels were identical in both sexes, genes related to cholesterol and apolipoprotein synthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis and the immunological system were predominantly expressed in males and females, respectively, in GRf/f but not in GRmKO mice. Moreover, many genes were up-regulated in response to starvation in GRf/f but not in GRmKO mice, many of which were sex-independent and functioned to maintain homeostasis, while genes that showed sex dominance related to a variety of functions. Although the genes expressed in skeletal muscle may be predominantly sex-independent, sex-dominant genes may relate to sex differences in energy metabolism and the immune system and could be controlled by the GR.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1884874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25372524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}