Endocrine Research最新文献

{"title":"Polymorphism as Biomarker Analysis of Genes <i>TSHR, DIO1, FOXE1</i>, and <i>CAPZB</i> in Hypothyroidism Patients.","authors":"Kashif Bashir","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2562007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2025.2562007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present research was done to explore the possible association of <i>TSHR</i> (rs1991517, rs12050077), <i>DIO1</i> (rs2235544), <i>FOXE1</i> (rs925489), and <i>CAPZB</i> (rs10917469) gene variants in hypothyroidism patients.</p><p><strong>Design & methods: </strong>This study included 600 participants with hypothyroidism and a control. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Homozygous genotype (CC) of SNP rs1991517 of the <i>TSHR</i> gene exhibited a significant association with hypothyroidism by 2-fold more risk of hypothyroidism. In comparison, in the combined genotype model, similar results were obtained with 2-fold more risk of hypothyroidism. In the rs12050077 variant of <i>the TSHR</i> gene, statistically significant results were observed with a 2-fold higher risk of hypothyroidism by homozygous mutant (AA), while a significant association with decreased risk of hypothyroidism was observed in heterozygous (GA). Its joint genotype model (GA+AA) showed a substantial decrease in the risk and played a protective role. In <i>the DIO1</i> gene, a heterozygous mutant genotype (AC) of variant rs2235544, a significant association with 3-fold increased the risk of hypothyroidism was observed, and homozygous mutant genotype (CC) of the same SNP rs2235544 also showed significant association by decreasing the risk of hypothyroidism. In SNP rs925489 of gene <i>FOXE1</i>, heterozygous (CT) showed a significant association with hypothyroidism. joint genotype model of rs925489 showed a crucial significant association with hypothyroidism. In rs10917469 SNP of <i>CAPZB</i> gene in heterozygous mutant (AG), a significant association was observed but with a decreased risk of hypothyroidism. The joint genotype model of rs10917469 shows a significant association with hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Association study of <i>TSHR</i> polymorphism (rs1991517, rs12050077), <i>DIO1</i> polymorphism rs2235544, <i>FOXE1</i> polymorphism rs925489, and <i>CAPZB</i> polymorphism rs10917469 with hypothyroidism showed that rs2235544 of <i>DIO1</i> gene are associated with increasing risk of hypothyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of painless thyroiditis after thyroid lobectomy in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.","authors":"Shinya Sato, Yuji Nagayama, Hisakazu Shindo, Kento Katsuyama, Daisuke Tatsushima, Yusuke Mori, Hiroshi Takahashi, Seigo Tachibana, Takashi Fukuda, Hiroyuki Yamashita","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2556056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2025.2556056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Postoperative hypothyroidism, a complication of thyroid lobectomy, occurs frequently. Unique cases of post-lobectomy painless thyroiditis, a pathology not previously reported, were recently observed in our practice. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the frequency and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction after lobectomy, focusing on painless thyroiditis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 193 patients with thyroid tumors, including 66 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 127 without Hashimoto's thyroiditis, underwent thyroid lobectomy. These patients were followed up for 49.6 (12-118) months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thyroid dysfunction occurred in 20.7% of patients, including 31.8% (21/66) and 14.9% (19/127) of those with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis, respectively. The types of thyroid dysfunction included thyrotoxicosis (10.0%), subclinical hypothyroidism (47.5%), and overt hypothyroidism (42.5%). Nine of 21 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who developed thyroid dysfunction 1-4 months after lobectomy were diagnosed with painless thyroiditis, based on the characteristic transient hypoechogenic pattern on ultrasonography during hormonal fluctuations. Four patients developed thyrotoxicosis, one of whom subsequently become hypothyroid. Thyroid function returned to normal in all four patients. Two patients tested negative for TSH receptor antibody during the thyrotoxic period. The remaining five patients developed hypothyroidism, which was transient in three patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Painless thyroiditis develops as post-lobectomy thyroid dysfunction in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We propose naming this condition \"post-lobectomy thyroiditis,\" as it is believed to be triggered by surgical manipulation of the thyroid gland in individuals with underlying subclinical thyroid autoimmunity. Given its transient nature in most cases, distinguishing this condition from postoperative permanent hypothyroidism is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic prediction of the relationship between mitochondrial proteins and diabetic polyneuropathy risk: a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Zixiao Wang, Yifang Hu, Yiren Wei, Cheng Xue, Yanyan Hu, Yifei Wang, Chuyan Wu, Feng Jiang, Fang Wang","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2557991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2025.2557991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study investigates the causal relationships between mitochondrial proteins and Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a two-sample MR design with data from FINNGEN (1048 DPN cases, 374,434 controls) and 63 mitochondrial proteins from GWAS datasets. Analyses used the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, and weighted medians, with extensive sensitivity tests for robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated COA3 levels (OR = 0.5774, 95% CI: 0.4466-0.7465, <i>p</i> < 0.01) decreased DPN risk, while elevated NFU1 (OR: 1.3992, 95% CI: 1.0935-1.7904, <i>p</i> = 0.0075) and SARS2 (OR: 1.3660, 95% CI: 1.0651-1.7520, <i>p</i> = 0.0140) increased risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COA3, NFU1, and SARS2 significantly affect DPN risk, with COA3 lowering and NFU1 and SARS2 increasing risk. These findings highlight potential targets for DPN prevention and treatment, suggesting the importance of mitochondrial proteins in DPN pathogenesis, and providing new insights for future therapeutic strategies to effectively combat this debilitating condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood metabolome of cardiovascular disease, diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sydney Kuo, Danting Li, Matthieu Wargny, Tadashi Yoshida, Yilin Yoshida","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2545832","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2545832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles published before August 1, 2023. Studies assessing the association between circulating metabolites and CVD, including coronary heart disease, strokes, heart failure, CV death, DKD, and DR in T2D were eligible for review. We performed meta-analyses for metabolites with ≥2 estimates and reported adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of outcome per SD increase of metabolite. <i>I</i>² tests were used to assess the study heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 74 total studies (<i>n</i> = 48 cross-sectional and <i>n</i> = 26 cohort; 33 exclusively for CVD, 21 exclusively for DKD, and 20 exclusively for DR, 19 for more than one outcome; a total of 49,866 T2D patients, mean age 60 years, 55% male) describing metabolism of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, sphingolipids, phospholipids, organic compounds, bacteria, and enzymes. Eleven metabolites were included in meta-analyses for their association with CVD. These include TMAO (OR 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.3) and derivatives (choline: 0.95, 0.76-1.18, carnitine: 1.08, 0.86-1.36, betaine: 1.00, 0.91-1.11), branched-chain amino acids (leucine: 1.12, 0.05-25.5, valine: 1.14, 0.09-14.2, isoleucine: 1.02, 0.76-1.35), other amino acids (glutamine: 1.02, 0.35-2.9, alanine: 0.99, 0.87-1.13), and metabolites for energy metabolism (lactate: 1.11, 0.81-1.52, glycerol: 1.05, 0.61-1.81). I² for all studies >30%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this review, TMAO and amino acids are the most studied circulating metabolites for diabetic complications. TMAO was marginally associated with the CVD risk among people with T2D. However, the studies were subject to high heterogeneity and the findings are inconclusive. Our review indicates limited evidence linking circulating metabolites to the prediction of vascular complications in T2D. To strengthen the evidence in this field, large prospective studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Blood Cell-Derived Parameters in the Differential Diagnosis of Subacute Thyroiditis and Graves' Disease and Long-Term Outcomes in Subacute Thyroiditis.","authors":"Ahmet Kursat Soyer, Fatma Neslihan Cuhaci Seyrek, Kubra Durmus Demirel, Abbas Ali Tam, Oya Topaloglu, Reyhan Ersoy, Bekir Cakir","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2505627","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2505627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the utility of blood cell-derived parameters in differentiating subacute thyroiditis (SAT) from Graves' disease (GD) and their association with recurrence and the development of permanent hypothyroidism in the patients with SAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 414 patients with SAT, 415 patients with GD, and 92 healthy controls. Pre-treatment hematological parameters were retrospectively compared, especially in cases where differentiation is challenging, including painless SAT, acute phase reactants negative SAT, and TSI, TRAB (Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin, TSH-receptor-antibodies) negative GD. Factors influencing recurrence and permanent hypothyroidism were also analyzed in SAT group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When compared with the GD group, ratios of neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and pan immune inflammation value (PIV) were significantly higher, while large unstained cell percentage (LUC%) and the ratios of eosinophil/monocyte (EMR), eosinophil/lymphocyte (ELR), eosinophil/neutrophil (ENR), eosinophil/platelet (EPR), mean platelet volume/neutrophil (MPV/NEU), MPV/monocyte and MPV/platelets were significantly lower in the SAT group. SII demonstrated the highest diagnostic value, with an optimal cutoff of 652,784. No significant association was observed between these parameters and recurrence or permanent hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differentiation between SAT and GD can be reliably achieved using blood cell-derived parameters, and that these markers are also applicable in groups where differentiation is challenging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the LUC%, ELR, ENR, EPR, MPV/NEU, and MPV/monocyte ratios and revealed that they are significantly different between these two diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency Associated with Sintilimab in the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Zehui Liu, Qiang Ma, Sha Ma, Mengru Yang, Haowei Zhang, Wenzhuo Zhu, Rui Han","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2495793","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2495793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency, a rare condition associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, can manifest with symptoms such as fatigue, poor appetite, dizziness, hypotension, and hyponatremia. We present a case of a 52-year-old Chinese woman with stage IB lung adenocarcinoma who developed these symptoms after 8 months of treatment with sintilimab. Laboratory tests revealed hyponatremia, low ACTH and cortisol levels, and thyrotoxicosis. Imaging studies showed a Rathke's cleft cyst in the pituitary gland but normal adrenal glands. The patient was diagnosed with isolated ACTH deficiency and thyroid dysfunction and prescribed prednisone as replacement therapy, which improved her symptoms despite persistently low ACTH levels. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related endocrine disorders and provides insights into their management to enhance clinical practice and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menopause and diabetes: Interconnected associations of risk.","authors":"Carla P Rodriguez, Erin D Michos","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2490891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2490891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause is an important transition in a women's life that has been associated with a worsening cardiometabolic risk profile. Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease risk in women. Recent studies have improved the understanding of the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur during menopause, which have provided an opportunity to intervene with preventive efforts. Despite this, menopause's role and its direct (independent) relationship with cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, remain largely unknown. This review highlights the inter-relationships between menopause, vasomotor symptoms, and menopausal hormone therapy with the risk of developing diabetes and outlines further knowledge gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of LncRNA LINC01184 in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Development and Prognosis and Its Regulatory Effect on Cellular Processes.","authors":"Yi Sun, Wanping Hu, Jianyuan Huang, Zhi Liu","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2495274","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2495274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study assessed the potential of lncRNA LINC01184 in predicting PTC progression and prognosis and its regulatory mechanism in PTC cellular processes, aiming to explore a novel biomarker for PTC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 111 PTC patients and collected paired tissue samples. Using PCR, the expression of LINC01184 was analyzed, and its association with patients' clinicopathological features and prognosis was evaluated. The regulatory effects of LINC01184 on cell growth and metastasis were assessed by CCK8 and Transwell assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LINC01184 was significantly downregulated in PTC, which was closely correlated with poor differentiation, advanced TNM stage, the occurrence of lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival. In PTC cells, LINC01184 negatively regulated miR-296-3p, and its overexpression suppressed cell growth and metastasis of PTC, which was reversed by overexpressing miR-296-3p.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Downregulated LINC01184 served as a biomarker for PTC. Overexpressing LINC01184 suppressed PTC cell progression via suppressing miR-296-3p.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of hyperprolactinemia and its treatment on oxidative stress.","authors":"Didem Barlak Keti, Mammadhasan Mammadov, Merve Basol Goksuluk, Aysa Hacioglu, Izzet Okcesiz, Zuleyha Karaca, Kursad Unluhizarci","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2511845","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2511845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are few studies investigating oxidative stress in hyperprolactinemia. We aimed to analyze the associations between hyperprolactinemia, its treatment, and oxidative stress parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty patients who had hyperprolactinemia secondary to a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor, and 20 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls were prospectively included. Patients were studied at recruitment and six months post-treatment. Markers indicating protein oxidation and antioxidant system were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum prolactin level in the patient group (13 female, 7 male) was significantly higher than controls. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels were comparable between the groups, while pyrrolized protein, and protein carbonyl compound (PCC) levels were significantly higher, and thiol levels lower in the patients at baseline. A decrease in prolactin levels along with improvements in estradiol (in females) and testosterone (in males) levels were observed following treatment. After treatment of hyperprolactinemia a significant decrease in AOPP, PCC, pyrrolized protein, and an increase in thiol levels were observed. MPO activity remained stable.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In addition to reproductive dysfunctions and altered sex hormones, hyperprolactinemia is associated with oxidative stress, which improves four to six months after cabergoline treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"184-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Transient Thyroid Cracking: A Proposal of a New Disease Entity as a Mild Form of Acute Transient Thyroid Swelling.","authors":"Yuji Nagayama, Hisakazu Shindo, Seigo Tachibana, Takashi Fukuda, Kento Katsuyama, Daisuke Tatsushima, Yusuke Mori, Hiroshi Takahashi, Shinya Sato, Hiroyuki Yamashita","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2514573","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2025.2514573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aims to investigate the clinical and ultrasonographic features of thyroid swelling following fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic forms.<b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively reviewed 872 patients who underwent thyroid ultrasonography before and after FNAB between January and November 2024. Patients showing new hypoechoic cracking after FNAB were identified. Clinical symptoms, degree of thyroid swelling, and outcomes were evaluated.<b>Results:</b> Hypoechoic cracking developed in 18 patients (2.1%), appearing immediately in 17 and at 4 hours in one. Three patients (17%) experienced symptoms such as pain or compression, all with thyroid swelling exceeding 1.8-fold the original size. The remaining 15 patients were asymptomatic, with swelling less than 1.5-fold. No clinical characteristics were significantly associated with the development of symptoms. All patients recovered spontaneously; two symptomatic cases received steroid treatment.<b>Conclusion:</b> Post-FNAB thyroid swelling can be classified into two entities: typical, symptomatic acute transient thyroid swelling (ATTS) and a newly proposed asymptomatic form, acute transient thyroid cracking (ATTC). Recognizing ATTC as a mild, self-limiting condition is important for avoiding unnecessary treatment and alleviating patient concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":" ","pages":"190-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}