Menopause and diabetes: Interconnected associations of risk.

Abstract

Menopause is an important transition in a women's life that has been associated with a worsening cardiometabolic risk profile. Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease risk in women. Recent studies have improved the understanding of the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur during menopause, which have provided an opportunity to intervene with preventive efforts. Despite this, menopause's role and its direct (independent) relationship with cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, remain largely unknown. This review highlights the inter-relationships between menopause, vasomotor symptoms, and menopausal hormone therapy with the risk of developing diabetes and outlines further knowledge gaps.