ELECTROPHORESIS最新文献

{"title":"Modified Nucleosides as Potential Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: Targeted Metabolomics of In Vitro Cell Samples by MEKC-UV.","authors":"Isabela Rocha, Ingridi Rafaela de Brito, Hernandes F Carvalho, Aline Mara Dos Santos, Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato","doi":"10.1002/elps.8120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.8120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men globally, with over 1.4 million new cases and nearly 400000 deaths reported in 2022. Despite the availability of diagnostic tools such as the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test, its low sensitivity reinforces the need for the exploration of more reliable biomarkers. In this context, metabolomics offers a promising approach for identifying sensitive biomarkers to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a targeted metabolomic analysis of the extracellular environment of In Vitro non-tumoral and cancer prostate cells to compare the levels of eight nucleosides using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with UV detection (MEKC-UV). The method was adapted from a previously optimized protocol for blood serum, with minor adjustments to meet the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) standards. Nucleosides were extracted via solid-phase extraction (SPE), and cell cultures were maintained under controlled conditions at 37°C with 5% CO₂ until reaching 80% confluence. The optimized MEKC-UV method demonstrated precision and accuracy, although the Youden test indicated some lack of robustness. Statistical analysis using a two-tailed t-test revealed significantly higher adenosine levels in non-tumoral cells, whereas uridine and 5-methyluridine concentrations were elevated in cancer cells. Inosine was detected exclusively in the non-tumoral cell line. Nevertheless, the method's innovative and cost-effective nature underscores its potential as a tool for cancer biomarker identification, with distinct nucleoside patterns in cancer cells offering valuable insights for disease recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence-Based Multiplex Western Blot to Simultaneously Detect the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Isoforms","authors":"Matteo Bocconcelli,&nbsp;Fabiana Fanelli,&nbsp;Roberta Saltarelli,&nbsp;Mauro De Santi,&nbsp;Rita Barone,&nbsp;Elena Barbieri,&nbsp;Giosuè Annibalini","doi":"10.1002/elps.8116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.8116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is critical for tissue growth and development. The <i>IGF-1</i> gene contains six exons and due to alternative splicing three different isoforms might be produced: the IGF-1Ea, Eb, and Ec prohormones (proIGF-1s). These proIGF-1s share the same IGF-1 mature sequence, which is responsible for the IGF-1 receptor binding but differ in their carboxy-terminal extensions called Ea-, Eb-, and Ec-peptides. Several lines of evidence indicate that E-peptides control the intracellular proIGF-1s localization and maturation. Here, we present a multiplex Western blotting system able to simultaneously discriminate and quantify mature IGF-1, proIGF-1s and E-peptides within the same sample. HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids containing the <i>IGF-1Ea</i>, <i>IGF-1Eb</i>, or <i>IGF-1Ec</i> isoform or an empty vector. Two different primary antibodies, which recognize the mature sequence or the common region of E-peptides, were used to detect IGF-1 isoforms, which were subsequently distinguished with secondary antibodies conjugated to different fluorophores. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneously detecting different IGF-1 isoforms using two primary antibodies directed against different epitopes of proIGF-1s, combined with fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies. Furthermore, this dual-epitope strategy increases the specificity of protein detection, making it a valuable tool for studying the diverse roles of IGF-1 isoforms in biological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"46 7-8","pages":"462-467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elps.8116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Different Light Models for Virtual Electrodes in Optoelectronic Tweezers.","authors":"Ernesto Guzman-Saleh, Victor H Perez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte","doi":"10.1002/elps.8131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.8131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) allow for the physical manipulation of particles of interest via dielectrophoresis (DEP) in microfluidic devices. To produce the nonuniform electric field required to enable DEP, light is used to expose a photoconductive film and create a so-called virtual electrode (VE). Several attempts have been made to model the light profile used to excite the photoconductive layer and produce the VE. However, no comparison of the models has been presented in the literature. Here, we present a comparative study among the rectangular, Gaussian, and saturated-Gaussian models in mapping to light profiles obtained experimentally. These models were then used to predict the activation of a VE and the distribution of the electric field in an OET system. From this comparison, it is possible to conclude that the saturated-Gaussian model should be the preferred choice to study these systems. Moreover, VEs were also compared numerically to conventional gold electrodes used regularly in DEP applications, concluding that very relevant differences exist between the electric fields produced by these two types of electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Fatty Acids in Biological Fluid Samples and Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis: State of the Art and Applications","authors":"Patrícia Abranches Geraldo,&nbsp;Maria Patrícia do Nascimento,&nbsp;Bruna Marchiori Berlande,&nbsp;Jéssica Cordeiro Queiroz de Souza,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Cantarino Adriano,&nbsp;Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/elps.8134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.8134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fatty acids are vital to various physiological processes, making their analysis crucial for understanding metabolic, nutritional, and pathological conditions. Traditional methods for its analysis in biological samples, such as gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, often require complex sample preparation, including derivatization and extraction steps. Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as a promising alternative, offering simpler sample preparation, fast analysis times, and reduced consumption of solvents and reagents, which is in line with the principles of green chemistry. Despite its potential, capillary electrophoresis remains underutilized in fatty acid analysis in biological samples. In this regard, this review discusses the state of the art in capillary electrophoresis application for fatty acid analysis in biological samples, highlighting the simplified sample preparation protocols and the technique's advantages over others.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"46 9-10","pages":"524-538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Age Estimation From Blood Samples by Combining DNA Methylation and MicroRNA Markers Using Droplet Digital PCR","authors":"Niu Gao,&nbsp;Junli Li,&nbsp;Fenglong Yang,&nbsp;Daijing Yu,&nbsp;Yumei Huo,&nbsp;Xiaonan Liu,&nbsp;Zhimin Ji,&nbsp;Yangfeng Xing,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Zhang,&nbsp;Piao Yuan,&nbsp;Jinding Liu,&nbsp;Jiangwei Yan","doi":"10.1002/elps.8133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.8133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age estimation is important in criminal investigations and forensic practice, and extensive studies have focused on age determination based on DNA methylation (DNAm) and miRNA markers. Interestingly, it has been reported that combining different types of molecular omics data helps build more accurate predictive models. However, few studies have compared the application of combined DNAm and miRNA data to predict age in the same cohort. In this study, a novel multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) system that allows for the simultaneous detection of age-associated DNAm and miRNA markers, including <i>KLF14</i>, <i>miR-106b-5p</i>, and two reference genes (<i>C-LESS-C1</i> and <i>RNU6B</i>), was developed. Next, we examined and calculated the methylation levels of <i>KLF14</i> and relative expression levels of <i>miR-106b-5p</i> in 132 blood samples. The collected data were used to establish age prediction models. Finally, the optimal models were evaluated using bloodstain samples. The results revealed that the random forest (RF) model had a minimum mean absolute deviation (MAD) value of 3.51 years and a maximum <i>R</i>² of 0.84 for the validation sets in the combined age prediction models. However, the MAD was 5.66 years and the absolute error ranged from 3.16 to 10.54 years for bloodstain samples. Larger sample sizes and validation datasets are required to confirm these results in future studies. Overall, a stable method for the detection of <i>KLF14</i>, <i>miR-106b-5p</i>, <i>C-LESS-C1</i>, and <i>RNU6B</i> by 4-plex ddPCR was successfully established, and our study suggests that combining DNAm and miRNA data can improve the accuracy of age prediction, which has potential applications in forensic science.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"46 7-8","pages":"424-432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Approach to Implementing ICH Q14: Tools for Analytical Quality by Design in Capillary Electrophoresis Method Development.","authors":"Ewoud van Tricht, Cari E Sänger-van de Griend","doi":"10.1002/elps.8110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.8110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ICH Q14 guideline introduces a structured framework for analytical method development based on Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) principles, aiming to ensure robust, reliable, and fit-for-purpose methods throughout the product lifecycle. However, implementing ICH Q14 remains challenging due to the lack of complete examples and training resources, making it difficult for organizations to translate theory into practice. Although previous studies have applied AQbD to capillary electrophoresis method development, many have focused only on specific aspects such as the design of experiments (DoEs) or analytical target profile (ATP), leaving a gap in providing comprehensive, practical tools for the entire analytical lifecycle. This manuscript presents a novel, user-friendly approach to implementing ICH Q14 and AQbD, offering ready-to-implement tools and methodologies that simplify the process of method design, optimization, validation, and implementation. Through a stepwise process, the approach provides practical solutions for integrating AQbD principles into everyday workflows, bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and real-world applications. The approach has been thoroughly tested in diverse industrial settings, demonstrating its reliability and effectiveness. This work aims to facilitate the adoption of AQbD in analytical method development by providing structured tools, lessons learned, and best practices that align with ICH Q14 guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of 9-Methylfascaplysin, a Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Agent","authors":"Manman Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Xu,&nbsp;Xingjian Sun,&nbsp;Xiaolu Shi,&nbsp;Hongze Liang,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen,&nbsp;Wei Cui,&nbsp;Yilei Fan,&nbsp;Jianfeng Ma,&nbsp;Haixing Wang","doi":"10.1002/elps.8135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elps.8135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>9-Methylfascaplysin, a derivative of the marine natural product fascaplysin, has shown promising anti- Alzheimer's disease (AD) potential through its anti-β-amyloid (Aβ) neuroprotective effects. However, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of 9-methylfascaplysin, crucial for its preclinical evaluation, have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we developed and validated a sensitive and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 9-methylfascaplysin in rat plasma. The method demonstrated a lower limit of detection (LLOD) of 1 ng/mL and a linear quantification range of 5–2000 ng/mL. The PK study in rat plasma was conducted. After intragastric administration, the plasma concentration of 9-methylfascaplysin peaked at a maximum concentration (<i>C</i>_max) of 193.4 ng/m and an enterohepatic circulation (EHC) phenomenon was observed. By comparing the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values obtained from intragastric and intravenous administrations, the absolute oral bioavailability (F) of 9-methylfascaplysin was determined as 18.3%. The tissue distribution study revealed that following a single intragastric administration, 9-methylfascaplysin was most concentrated in the stomach, followed by the small intestine, large intestine, liver, kidney, brain, lung, spleen, and heart in descending order. Furthermore, the excretion profiles of 9-methylfascaplysin in rat urine and feces were studied. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the PK behavior of 9-methylfascaplysin and serve as a foundation for its further preclinical evaluation and potential clinical application as an anti-AD agent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":"46 7-8","pages":"452-461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectrophoresis in Carcinoma Diagnosis: Recent Developments and Applications.","authors":"Alaleh Vaghef-Koodehi, Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas","doi":"10.1002/elps.8127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.8127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate cancer cell analysis is critical across a wide range of medical fields, including clinical diagnostics, personalized medicine, drug development, and cancer research. The ability to rapidly analyze and characterize cancer cells is key to understanding tumor characteristics, developing targeted therapies, and improving patient outcomes. Microscale electrokinetic (EK) techniques have demonstrated their effectiveness and reliability as powerful tools for cell analysis, including cancerous cells. The applications of dielectrophoresis (DEP), an EK technique, in cancer cell analysis are discussed here with a focus on carcinomas, cancer that develops in epithelial tissue. In this review article, the working mechanism of DEP is first introduced, followed by an in-depth review of recent studies published between 2015 and 2024. The concluding remarks section provides a summary of the key points discussed in this review and offers insights into potential future advancements in DEP-based systems for analyzing cancerous cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solute Delivery Through a Porous-Walled Microtube With Sinusoidal Roughness by Electroosmotic Pumping.","authors":"Ajay Kumar, Himanshu Gupta, Sirshendu De","doi":"10.1002/elps.8125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.8125","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study investigates the delivery of a neutral solute through a porous-walled microtube with sinusoidal roughness under mixed electroosmotic flow pumping, using an external direct current electric field. The effects of various operating conditions, geometries, and properties of the wall, solute, and solvent are investigated. The novelty of this work lies in exploring the impact of sinusoidal roughness on the solute mass flux delivery. It is found that a higher relative roughness amplitude (𝛿 = 0.1) and roughness wavenumber (𝜆 = 12) decrease the average cross-sectional velocity by up to 31% by judiciously tuning the parameters for better solute delivery. The effects of roughness parameters (𝛿, 𝜆), tube length ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$L)$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , mean tube diameter ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;${d_m}), $&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; pump flow rate &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Q&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$({Q_p}),$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; electric field strength ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;${E_z}), $&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; wall permeability ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;${L_p})$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , trans-wall pressure drop ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$Delta {P_w}$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ), real retention ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;${R_r})$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , solute diffusivity &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$( D )$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and osmotic pressure coefficient &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$({alpha _{1;}})$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; on the solute permeation mass flux are quantified. Among these parameters, the effect of &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$Delta {P_w}$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; is the most dominant in increasing the solute permeation flux of the rough-walled microtube, compared to the smooth wall. For example, by changing &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$Delta {P_w}$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; from 5 to 20 kPa, the enhancement is about 16% in assisting flow and 19% in opposing flow. It is anticipated that the results of this study will provide valuable design perspectives for customized drug delivery systems using microfluidic channels, as well as enha","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectrophoresis Tutorial: Inspired by Hatfield's 1924 Patent and Boltzmann's Theory and Experiments of 1874.","authors":"Ronald Pethig","doi":"10.1002/elps.8114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.8114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first patent to describe dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a means and process to separate particles from a mixture was granted by the US Patent Office to Henry Stafford Hatfield in 1924. The novel methods of sample preparation and designs of electrode geometry covered by the patent's disclosures and claims describe the basis for most present-day applications of DEP as a method of particle separation. Hatfield had clearly acquired a deep understanding of DEP, not only from the perspective of the potential energy of the target particle to be separated from others but also from consideration of the conservation of energy of the electrical system. He cites no prior art or supporting theory of what he would have known as the action of the ponderomotive force. There is no record of his publishing this work, but efforts to find the source of his knowledge led to the retrieval of his Ph.D. thesis from the archives of the University of London. It describes innovative applications of DEP to separate impurity particles from powdered mineral ore and refers to the theoretical and experimental studies by Boltzmann of the ponderomotive force acting on small spheroidal samples of insulating material. This early background theory and experimentation by Boltzmann is described here and, together with the rules and methods so clearly and simply described in Hatfield's patent, forms the core of a tutorial for those engaged in DEP but who might lack formal training in physics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11596,"journal":{"name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}