Energy technology最新文献_第3页

Prediction Study of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance Degradation Using Data-Driven Approaches

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202400990

Haibo Huo, Yu Chen, Gifty Pamela Afun, Xinghong Kuang, Jingxiang Xu, Xi Li

{"title":"Prediction Study of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance Degradation Using Data-Driven Approaches","authors":"Haibo Huo, Yu Chen, Gifty Pamela Afun, Xinghong Kuang, Jingxiang Xu, Xi Li","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400990","url":null,"abstract":"Performance degradation in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) leads to shorter service life and unexpected downtime. To reduce economic losses and accelerate commercialization, accurately predicting the degradation is conducted in this study. First, a comprehensive analysis of performance degradation through experiments on a real SOFC system is investigated. Then, three dada-driven robust models, that is, vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and neural basis expansion analysis for time series (N-BEATS) models are proposed to predict the SOFC's performance degradation. Herein, the top 60–90% of the experimental datasets are used for training and the bottom 40–10% for testing. After training, the prediction performance testing of these 3 models is compared with that of the bi-long short-term memory networks (bi-LSTM) and bi-gated recurrent units (bi-GRU) models. Simulation results show that both the VARMA and N-BEATS models are superior to the bi-LSTM and bi-GRU models in predicting the performance degradation of the SOFC. While the test performance of the RBFNN model is worst, especially under the top 60% training datasets condition. These indicate it is feasible to respectively establish the VARMA model and the N-BEATS model for predicting the SOFC's performance degradation.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Analysis of Cement Plant Waste-Heat Recovery for Power Generation Based on Partial Evaporating Cycle with Ejector

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401419

Ed Joshua Manalac, Menandro Serrano Berana, Sung Chul Kim

{"title":"Performance Analysis of Cement Plant Waste-Heat Recovery for Power Generation Based on Partial Evaporating Cycle with Ejector","authors":"Ed Joshua Manalac, Menandro Serrano Berana, Sung Chul Kim","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401419","url":null,"abstract":"In the cement industry, much waste heat is released into the environment. The organic Rankine cycle is widely utilized to harness waste heat for power generation. However, significant energy is lost in the heat recovery process due to the finite temperature difference between the heat source and working fluid, resulting in low power output andefficiency. To enhance the heat recovery from the cement flue gas and increase power output and overall efficiency, a novel partial evaporating cycle with ejector is proposed and investigated in this study. Pinch point analysis is performed to characterize the heat recovery process in the evaporator. The effects of the evaporating temperature, outlet quality of the evaporator, and exit pressure of the primary expander on system performance are also investigated. Results show that partially evaporating the fluid improves heat matching and reduces the irreversibilities in the evaporator by up to 18.1% when the outlet quality of the fluid is 0.33. Maximum net power of 803.15 kW can be generated with an evaporating temperature of <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>130</mn>\u0000 <mo> °</mo>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$130 circ text{C}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, outlet quality of 0.33, and expander exit pressure of 1054.9 kPa. Additionally, the inclusion of the ejector increases the net power produced by up to 76.07 kW.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Entropy Perovskite Oxides for Thermochemical Solar Fuel Production

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401199

Luca Angelo Betti, Aldo Bosetti, Lorenzo Malavasi

{"title":"High-Entropy Perovskite Oxides for Thermochemical Solar Fuel Production","authors":"Luca Angelo Betti, Aldo Bosetti, Lorenzo Malavasi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401199","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing global demand for energy, coupled with the need to mitigate climate change, has spurred significant interest in renewable energy sources. Among these, solar energy holds particular promise due to its abundance and potential to be converted into clean fuels through thermochemical cycles. High-entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) have emerged as promising materials for solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) production, offering advantages over traditional materials like ceria due to their enhanced thermal stability, flexibility in composition, and lower operating temperatures. Herein, the advantages of HEPOs, including their stability under extreme thermal conditions which is critical for repeated redox cycling in H2 production, are highlighted. The inherent configurational entropy allows for a broader range of element incorporation, leading to improved tunability of physical properties. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of cost and scalability. To address this, strategies such as the use of more abundant elements and optimized synthesis are discussed. Additionally, the future potential of HEPOs, including their integration into advanced solar reactors, is explored, and how computational methods can be employed to predict new high-entropy compositions with improved performance is examined. The development of HEPOs for STCH offers a promising pathway toward sustainable hydrogen production, addressing both environmental and economic challenges.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202401199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Optoelectronic Properties of Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor-Type Non-Fullerene Acceptors Containing Extended Fused Ring Donor Units for Efficient Organic Semiconductors

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401529

Salwa, Muhammad Adnan, Zobia Irshad, Riaz Hussain, Hany W. Darwish, Fakhar Hussain, Mahmood Ahmed

{"title":"Improving Optoelectronic Properties of Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor-Type Non-Fullerene Acceptors Containing Extended Fused Ring Donor Units for Efficient Organic Semiconductors","authors":"Salwa, Muhammad Adnan, Zobia Irshad, Riaz Hussain, Hany W. Darwish, Fakhar Hussain, Mahmood Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401529","url":null,"abstract":"Developing efficient small molecule-based non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has gained huge attention in fabricating high-efficiency and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we designed and characterized eight new NFAs for OSCs. To investigate the potential of these newly designed NFAs series (IBH1–IBH8) for OSCs, various advanced quantum chemical simulation approaches are used and compared with the synthetic reference molecule IBH–R. Due to the extended donor cores, the IBH1–IBH8 molecules possess strong intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, which helps improve the thin-film surface crystallinity. Moreover, the designed IBH1–IBH8 molecules present improved UV–visible absorption, narrower bandgaps, lower excitation, and binding energies, and improved photovoltaic characteristics. Furthermore, the impact on the intrinsic properties such as transition density matrix, density of state, electrostatic potential, distribution of frontier molecular orbitals, and reorganizational energies of holes and electrons are estimated. Additionally, the charge-transfer phenomenon by establishing a donor:acceptor blend (PTB7–Th:IBH4) is analyzed, their geometric analyses are studied, and a good charge-shifting process is found at the donor:acceptor interface. With these results, we demonstrated the enhancements in the optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics of OSCs by performing a simple end-capped modulation. Hence, these molecules are recommended for the development of efficient and cost-effective OSCs.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous Primer Coating for Fast Drying of Battery Electrodes

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401668

David Burger, Noah Keim, Junaid Shabbir, Yuhao Gao, Marcus Müller, Werner Bauer, Alexander Hoffmann, Philip Scharfer, Wilhelm Schabel

{"title":"Simultaneous Primer Coating for Fast Drying of Battery Electrodes","authors":"David Burger, Noah Keim, Junaid Shabbir, Yuhao Gao, Marcus Müller, Werner Bauer, Alexander Hoffmann, Philip Scharfer, Wilhelm Schabel","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401668","url":null,"abstract":"Primers are used to promote adhesion and reduce electrical interface resistance. Normally, the process of applying primer and electrode coating happens in two separate, sequential steps. Herein, primer and electrode are applied simultaneously, wet-in-wet. For fast drying of electrode coatings, a binder-redistribution by binder migration happens. A normally unwanted binder migration is tried to be utilized. The goal is to use less binder in the electrode coating and dry it faster without losses in adhesion and performance. By using simultaneous primer coatings incorporating LAPONITE, the adhesion can be promoted by over 200%. This allows to eliminate the styrene-butadiene-rubber-binder in the electrode slurry, saving in total of 70% of the binder. For eight times faster drying up to 30% improved specific capacity at 2C can be shown. This promising approach shows potential for any materials that lack adhesion, extending it, e.g., to porous, nanostructured particles and materials used in sodium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202401668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Research Advancements in Carbon Fiber-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401426

Mahmuda Akter, Ibrahim Hossain, Maitree Howlader, Fahim Shahriar, Umme Habiba Saima

{"title":"Recent Research Advancements in Carbon Fiber-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Mahmuda Akter, Ibrahim Hossain, Maitree Howlader, Fahim Shahriar, Umme Habiba Saima","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401426","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption is a critical element in human evolution, and rapid advances in science and technology necessitate adequate energy. As human society evades, the advancement of energy storage components has become critical in addressing societal challenges. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are promising candidates for future extensive use as optimal energy storage devices. However, the current limitations of LIBs pose a challenge to their continued dominance. Researchers are constantly exploring new materials to enhance the performance of LIBs, and carbon fiber (CF) is a dominant contender in this pursuit. The high electrical conductivity of carbon-based materials benefits the battery system by facilitating efficient electron transfer and improving overall performance. CF-based materials provide enhanced energy storage capacity and cycling stability in LIBs. Progress in carbon-based materials has resulted in electrodes with increased surface areas, enabling greater rates of charging and discharging. In addition, the exceptional corrosion resistance of CF ensures the durability and robustness of LIBs. A comprehensive review is carried out on the correlation between the material's structure and its electrochemical performance, with a special emphasis on the uses of pure carbon fibers, transition metal oxides, sulfides, and MXene carbon-based transition metal compounds in LIBs.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Investigation of a Novel Staggered Round Table Channel for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 质子交换膜燃料电池新型交错圆台通道的性能研究

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401226

Xiaohui Jiang, Yangyang Chen, Yong Zhang, Meng Gu, Kehui Xiong, Xi Yang

{"title":"Performance Investigation of a Novel Staggered Round Table Channel for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells","authors":"Xiaohui Jiang, Yangyang Chen, Yong Zhang, Meng Gu, Kehui Xiong, Xi Yang","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401226","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the internal mass transfer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a novel staggered round table channel is proposed, namely, round table stoppers are arranged on both sides of the channel and in the direction of gas flow. The study systematically investigates the effects of various structural parameters on the PEMFC performance, including the arrangement of round tables on both sides of the channel, radius, degree of sparseness, and number. It is found that the staggered arrangement can improve the cell performance more significantly, and the current density can be increased by 5.0% compared with the direct channel. With the proper increase of the radius and number of round tables, the round table stopper forces the reactant to diffuse downward and improves the uniformity of reactant distribution. Compared with other sparsity, the equidistant arrangement of stoppers in the channel is conductive to accelerating the convective mass transfer and drainage characteristics of the cell. As shown by numerical analysis results, the performance and dewatering efficiency of PEMFC are the best when the round tables on both sides are staggered, the radius is 0.65 mm, the number is 10, and the round table in the channel is arranged equidistantly.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AFe2O4 (A=Cu, Ni, Co, Mg, Ce, Mn) Catalysts for Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production from Corn Straw Pyrolysis-Catalytic Steam Reforming

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401302

Hengtao Guo, Xuetao Wang, Haojie Li, Mengjie Liu, Lili Xing, Haoshan Zhai

{"title":"AFe2O4 (A=Cu, Ni, Co, Mg, Ce, Mn) Catalysts for Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production from Corn Straw Pyrolysis-Catalytic Steam Reforming","authors":"Hengtao Guo, Xuetao Wang, Haojie Li, Mengjie Liu, Lili Xing, Haoshan Zhai","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401302","url":null,"abstract":"CuFe2O4, an iron-based spinel catalyst, along with NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, MgFe2O4, CeFe2O4, and MnFe2O4 are prepared using the sol–gel method. Different modified transition metals have been investigated to determine the influence on hydrogen production in a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that all the prepared catalysts exhibit a spinel structure. At a reaction temperature of 700 °C, with a water–carbon molar ratio of S/C = 1.5 and a biomass-to-catalyst mass ratio of 1:1, the performance ranking of the AFe2O4 spinel catalysts is as follows: CeFe2O4 > CuFe2O4 > MnFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > CoFe2O4 > MgFe2O4 > no catalyst. CeFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 catalysts demonstrate superior performance, with hydrogen volume fractions of 42.26% and 41.63% respectively. The AFe2O4 catalyst exhibits effective catalytic activity in the production of hydrogen from corn straw using water vapor, with the synergistic effect of A metal and Fe enhancing the catalytic activity of AFe2O4.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-Electron Withdrawing Unit Copolymerization to Enhance Photo-Stability of Thiophene-Based Organic Solar Cells

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401316

Yissa A. Mohammed, Fekadu G. Hone, Genene T. Mola, Newayemedhin A. Tegegne

{"title":"Non-Electron Withdrawing Unit Copolymerization to Enhance Photo-Stability of Thiophene-Based Organic Solar Cells","authors":"Yissa A. Mohammed, Fekadu G. Hone, Genene T. Mola, Newayemedhin A. Tegegne","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401316","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The impact of non-electron withdrawing unit copolymerization on photostability of fullerene-based organic solar cells is investigated using two donor polymers namely: benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD) unit copolymerized with α-quaterthiophene (4 T) unit (PBDD4T) and poly-3-hexyl-thiophene (P3HT). The optical and electrochemical properties of the polymers reveal a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and broader absorption in PBDD4T in comparison to P3HT owing to the BDD copolymerization. The copolymer achieves a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the P3HT-based device due to its higher VOC and Jsc that resulted from its deeper HOMO level and broader absorption. The photostability study reveals that PBDD4T-based devices lost 14% of its initial PCE relative to the 48% reduction in PCE for P3HT-based devices after 7 h of irradiation. Further investigation into the reasons behind the difference in the photostability suggests that photooxidation and recombination induced by irradiation in PBDD4T-based devcie are suppressed by BDD-copolymerization, maintaining better stability. In contrast, P3HT:PC71BM-based solar absorber shows bimolecular recombination due to photoaging processes, which have negatively impacted the device stability. The reduction in stability of both devices is evident by lower photogenerated current attributed to reduced charge mobility and increased surface roughness.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simple Smoothing of the Bottom Silicon Surface Using Wet Chemical Etching Methods for Epitaxial III-V/Silicon Tandem Manufacturing

IF 3.6 4区工程技术

Energy technology Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/ente.202401322

Mengmeng Chu, Junhan Bae, Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar, Alamgeer, Maha Nur Aida, Vinh-Ai Dao, Duy Phong Pham, Sangheon Park, Junsin Yi

{"title":"Simple Smoothing of the Bottom Silicon Surface Using Wet Chemical Etching Methods for Epitaxial III-V/Silicon Tandem Manufacturing","authors":"Mengmeng Chu, Junhan Bae, Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,  Alamgeer, Maha Nur Aida, Vinh-Ai Dao, Duy Phong Pham, Sangheon Park, Junsin Yi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401322","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of diverse technologies has recently facilitated the production of cost-effective and highly efficient solar cells. High-efficiency solar cells with III-V compounds tandem crystalline silicon cells have achieved photovoltaic efficiency of higher than 39%. Etching silicon wafers plays a vital role in the deposition of epitaxial layers, neutralizing dangling bonds, and surface passivation for tandem solar cells. The wafers are polished using a solution of HF–HNO3–CH3COOH (HNA) and 20% KOH to smoothen the wafer surface. When HNA wet etching is performed for 3.5 min and the 20% KOH etching lasts for 6 min, the microroughness of the wafer is 1.9 nm with a measurement area of 10 × 10 μm2 and 0.816 nm within an area of 1 × 1 μm2. Compared with the as-cut wafer, the reflectance increases from 31.7% to 34.7%, and the effective minority carrier lifetime, with 30 nm Al2O3 passivation after 450 °C activated, increases from 1.4 to 1.8 ms in a carrier density of 1.0 × 1015 cm−3.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0