Ju Song Kim, Kwang Hyok Jong, Song Hyok Jon, Gang Hyok Kim, Kuk Hyon Pae, Kwang Su Choe, Un Ryong Rim, Won Song Choe
{"title":"Efficient CO2 Removal by Improving Diffusion Layer Structure in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells","authors":"Ju Song Kim, Kwang Hyok Jong, Song Hyok Jon, Gang Hyok Kim, Kuk Hyon Pae, Kwang Su Choe, Un Ryong Rim, Won Song Choe","doi":"10.1002/ente.70652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70652","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The two-phase flow between CO<sub>2</sub> gas and methanol solution in the anode of passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) significantly limits cell performance. While considerable progress has been made in mitigating CO<sub>2</sub> bubble resistance in the anode flow field (AFF), effectively reducing the negative impact of CO<sub>2</sub> within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) remains challenging. In this study, we propose a novel anode gas diffusion layer (AGDL) structure designed to overcome two-phase flow effects within the MEA. The AGDL consists of carbon paper hydrophobically treated with 50 wt% PTFE, featuring lateral venting channels for CO<sub>2</sub> release and a central hole for methanol supply. Through combined simulation and experimental validation, we demonstrate that physically separating the gas diffusion path and fuel supply path within the AGDL effectively enhances cell performance. The proposed AGDL provides a stable operating environment by mitigating two-phase flow inside the cell and achieves a maximum power density of 17.3 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 12.0 M methanol concentration, outperforming conventional DMFCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqsa, Muhammad Ali Khan, Hamada H. Amer, Ameer Hamza, Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Imran Khan, Sawaira Riaz, Moazzam Ali, Farhan Zafar, Hameed Khan
{"title":"Metal–Organic Framework-Derived NP-Co-Doped CoZnOx Lamellar Nanostructures as High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes","authors":"Aqsa, Muhammad Ali Khan, Hamada H. Amer, Ameer Hamza, Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Imran Khan, Sawaira Riaz, Moazzam Ali, Farhan Zafar, Hameed Khan","doi":"10.1002/ente.70671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived oxides have attracted significant attention due to their tunable composition and structural versatility; however, their performance is often hindered by particle aggregation and limited accessibility of active sites. In this work, a MOF-derived bimetallic oxide (CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) was synthesized and further modified via heteroatom (N & P) doping to tailor its surface characteristics, named as NP-co-doped CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (NP-CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>). Notably, NP-CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> exhibits highly wrinkled multilayer lamellar structure even much better from singly doped CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. This structural and morphological transformation effectively suppresses metal aggregation and enhances electrolyte accessibility and charge-transport pathways by increasing exposure of redox-active sites. Electrochemical evaluation in alkaline electrolyte demonstrates high specific capacitance of 602.5 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, high energy density of 53.5 W h Kg<sup>−1</sup>, and remarkable capacitance retention of 94.6% as compared to N-doped CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (N-CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) (208.7 F g<sup>−1</sup>) and P-doped CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (P-CoZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) (308 F g<sup>−1</sup>). The superior performance is attributed to synergistic effect of bimetallic composition, heteroatom doping, and MOF-derived hierarchical nanostructuring, which collectively promote fast electron transfer and reversible Faradaic reactions, providing mechanistic insights into structure–property relationship of designed electrodes. This work highlights a viable strategy for achieving increased-performance of MOF-derived multicomponent oxides for next-generation energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiwoo Yeop, Pramitania Vioreta Aprilia, Ha-Eun Koo, Heunjeong Lee, Kyung Suk Lee, Eunju Shin, Seyeong Song, Shinuk Cho, Jin Young Kim, Yun-Hi Kim
{"title":"Fused Terminal Group p-Type SAMs for Organic Photovoltaics: Alkyl Chain Length Effects","authors":"Jiwoo Yeop, Pramitania Vioreta Aprilia, Ha-Eun Koo, Heunjeong Lee, Kyung Suk Lee, Eunju Shin, Seyeong Song, Shinuk Cho, Jin Young Kim, Yun-Hi Kim","doi":"10.1002/ente.70649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fused aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as effective p-type contacts for organic solar cells, but the role of alkyl linker length in such bulky systems remains unclear. Here, two phosphonic acid SAMs bearing an identical fused phenanthro[1,10,9,8-cdefg]carbazole (PCz) terminal group, PCz-C2PA and PCz-C4PA, were synthesized and implemented as hole-selective layers in PM6:PY-DT bulk-heterojunction devices with an ITO/SAM/PM6:PY-DT/PDINN/Ag architecture. The two SAMs exhibit nearly identical frontier energy levels and similar work-function shifts on ITO, yet lead to distinct device characteristics: the PCz-C4PA-based cells achieve a power conversion efficiency of 11.40% compared to 9.14% for PCz-C2PA, with comparable short-circuit current densities but a substantially higher open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Analysis of voltage losses and light intensity dependence indicates that the longer C4 linker reduces both nonradiative and trap-assisted recombination, while transient measurements and morphology studies point to faster charge extraction, longer carrier lifetimes, and a smoother active-layer interface for PCz-C4PA. These findings demonstrate that, even for SAMs with the same bulky fused-aromatic terminal group, the alkyl linker length is a critical handle for tuning interfacial recombination and charge transport, offering a straightforward molecular design guideline for p-type SAMs in high-performance organic photovoltaics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. H. Poornima, S. Silambarasan, T. Maiyalagan, T. Vijayakumar
{"title":"Phosphorous-Doped Cocos nucifera Shell Derived Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Application","authors":"B. H. Poornima, S. Silambarasan, T. Maiyalagan, T. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1002/ente.70665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Highly porous activated carbon was synthesized from <i>Cocos nucifera</i> shell through a one-step KOH-assisted pyrolysis process at a carbonization temperature of 700 °C. The structural, microstructural, textural, and electrochemical properties of the prepared <i>Cocos nucifera</i> shell-derived activated carbon (CAC) and phosphorus-doped activated carbon (P-CAC) were systematically investigated. The electrochemical performance of both electrode materials was evaluated in a 3 M NaOH electrolyte using a three-electrode configuration. The CAC and P-CAC electrodes exhibited excellent capacitive behavior, delivering specific capacitances of 177.4 and 266.5 F g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the P-CAC electrode is attributed to the synergistic effect of its hierarchical porous structure, improved surface chemistry, and phosphorus-induced active sites, which facilitate efficient electrolyte ion transport and charge storage. These findings demonstrate a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for converting <i>Cocos nucifera</i> shell biomass waste into high-performance carbon electrode materials, highlighting their potential for application in next-generation portable and wearable energy storage devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interlayer-Tailored MXene@MWCNT Heterostructures Enabling Superior Charge Storage in Aqueous Electrolytes","authors":"Madhav Krishn Goswami, Surya Prakash Saraswat, Abhishek Srivastava, Viswanadha Srirama Rajasekhar Pullabhotla, Dipak Kumar Das, Prakash Kumar Pathak, Omnarayan Agrawal","doi":"10.1002/ente.70664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The intentional design of hybrid nanoarchitectures is crucial for achieving enhanced electrochemical performance in next-generation energy storage systems. These designs must facilitate rapid ion transport, provide numerous active surface sites, and maintain effective electron-transfer pathways. In this study, an MXene@MWCNT heterostructure was rationally engineered via a solvothermal strategy to integrate the redox-active surface chemistry of MXene with the high electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The structural stability and compositional integrity of the heterostructure were rigorously confirmed by XRD, FESEM, EDS, FTIR, BET, and Raman spectroscopy, which collectively verified effective interfacial coupling without observable phase degradation. Raman spectroscopy revealed an optimized defect–graphitic balance, with an I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio of 0.99 and a high I<sub>2D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio of 0.97, indicative of abundant electrochemically active sites and well-preserved conductive domains. Owing to the synergistic contributions of electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitive charge-storage mechanisms, the MXene@MWCNT electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 232 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 mV s<sup>−1</sup>, along with excellent rate performance and cycling stability. These results underscore the effectiveness of interfacial nanoengineering in MXene-based hybrids and highlight a viable pathway toward high-performance, sustainable aqueous energy storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danny Havermans, Pieter Lens, Savitha Thayumanasundaram, Vijay Shankar Rangasamy
{"title":"Interplay of Binder and Mixing Duration Effects on Lithium–Sulfur Battery Slurry and Electrode Properties","authors":"Danny Havermans, Pieter Lens, Savitha Thayumanasundaram, Vijay Shankar Rangasamy","doi":"10.1002/ente.70660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In our quest to optimize the sulfur particle size distribution with minimal material loss during slurry preparation for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, we applied the simple and effective method of simultaneously mixing and milling the slurry components in a ‘one-pot’ process. We studied how the choice of binder and the slurry mixing duration affect the slurry and electrode properties. The key question was: “Is there a ‘Goldilocks zone’ of slurry parameters such as viscosity, particle size, mixing duration and dispersion stability?” Such a set of parameters might be invaluable to obtain crack-free electrodes with high adhesive strength, resilience against severe volume changes, minimal impedance to charge–transfer, and high cycling performance in the context of Li–S batteries. To address this question, we prepared three sets of slurries using CMC, LiPAA, and PVDF binders and extensively studied how their properties evolved over a period of 4 weeks of simultaneous mixing and milling in a jar roller mill. We then observed how the electrodes prepared from these slurries varied in their microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical properties. Our results show contrasting behavior of the three binder systems from each other and indicate a complex interplay of competing and complementary factors holistically affecting the electrode properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuling He, Zhengqi Li, Xuewei Wu, Zhengtian Wang, Huaxin Liu, Xiaomeng Di, Kai Sun, Xiangyu Liu
{"title":"Configuration and Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems via Variational Mode Decomposition and Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Yuling He, Zhengqi Li, Xuewei Wu, Zhengtian Wang, Huaxin Liu, Xiaomeng Di, Kai Sun, Xiangyu Liu","doi":"10.1002/ente.70625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the volatility challenges associated with high penetrations of renewable energy, this paper proposes a feedback-coupled bilevel optimization architecture for hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL). In the upper layer, variational mode decomposition (VMD) is employed to perform multiscale decomposition of fluctuating power profiles. Subsequently, the optimal allocation of power and capacity for the HESS is determined based on the specific response characteristics of each storage technology. The lower layer utilizes the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm to optimize scheduling against stochastic fluctuations in renewable energy output and load demand. By establishing an agent–environment interaction mechanism and designing a specific reward function, the agent is guided to autonomously learn optimal scheduling strategies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively mitigates mode mixing. Furthermore, the VMD-based allocation scheme reduces costs by 12.1% and 4.1% compared to unoptimized benchmarks and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) schemes, respectively. Moreover, the storage utilization and power supply self-sufficiency rates under the PPO strategy significantly outperform traditional methods, validating the efficacy of the proposed architecture in enhancing both the economic viability and operational performance of the HESS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Guilherme Michelotto Braghin, Cássia Carla de Carvalho, Guilherme Lisboa de Gouveia, José M. Aquino, Bismarck L. Silva, Carlos A. D. Rovere, José Eduardo Spinelli
{"title":"Effects of Compact Integrity and Microstructural Coarsening on Hydrogen Evolution in an Al–Zn Alloy","authors":"João Guilherme Michelotto Braghin, Cássia Carla de Carvalho, Guilherme Lisboa de Gouveia, José M. Aquino, Bismarck L. Silva, Carlos A. D. Rovere, José Eduardo Spinelli","doi":"10.1002/ente.70670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70670","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of compacted machining chips as feedstock for hydrogen production offers a promising route for both metallic waste valorization and sustainable energy generation. Although microstructural refinement is known to enhance hydrogen evolution in Al-based alloys, its influence on the behavior of compacted metallic waste remains unclear. In this work, hydrogen evolution from compacted chips produced from a rapidly solidified Al–10 wt.% Zn alloy with a dendritic spacing of 17 μm was investigated in 5 mol L<sup>−1</sup> NaOH at 25 and 45 °C. The results were analyzed in the context of previously reported data for coarser microstructures (39.7 and 215 μm). The refined bulk alloy exhibited enhanced hydrogen evolution at 25 °C due to the higher density of Zn-rich microgalvanic sites, whereas temperature became the dominant kinetic parameter at 45 °C. In contrast, the compacted chips displayed behavior strongly influenced by electrolyte penetration and compact integrity. Despite its intrinsically higher reactivity, the compact produced from the finest microstructure exhibited a more linear response and lower hydrogen production than expected, indicating restricted electrolyte access within the compact structure. At 45 °C, hydrogen generation increased substantially, although the compact remained structurally stable throughout the reaction. These findings demonstrate that, in compacted Al–Zn waste, hydrogen evolution is governed not only by microstructural refinement but also by the physical characteristics of the compact, highlighting compact integrity as a critical design parameter for recycling-based hydrogen production routes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.70670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Jaimez Farnham, Andreas Mayr, Lovis Wach, Rüdiger Daub
{"title":"Continuous Roll-To-Roll Coating and Drying of Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolyte Separators for Scalable Manufacturing","authors":"Elena Jaimez Farnham, Andreas Mayr, Lovis Wach, Rüdiger Daub","doi":"10.1002/ente.70661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sulfide-based solid-state batteries have emerged as a promising successor to conventional lithium-ion batteries, offering higher energy and power densities while remaining compatible with established battery production processes. Among the key manufacturing steps, continuous coating and drying are critical, directly determining the microstructural uniformity and quality of solid electrolyte separator layers while contributing to energy consumption and manufacturing costs. However, processing parameter effects on the separator during roll-to-roll production remain largely unexplored. This study systematically investigates how doctor-blade coating and convective drying parameters affect the structural and electrochemical properties of sul LPSCl–fide-based separators in a roll-to-roll context, revealing clear correlations through quantitative and qualitative analyses. Observed trends are compared with lab-scale sulfide-based components and conventional lithium-ion electrode manufacturing to identify transferable principles and unique challenges for the sulfide-based solid electrolyte separator system. Finally, the best-performing processing parameters are validated by fabricating a highly homogeneous, thin separator via continuous roll-to-roll processing. Through the established correlations, critical areas for process and product optimization are identified, advancing the understanding of sulfide-based separator manufacturing as a viable drop-in technology for existing battery production lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.70661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Cao, Kun Yu, Yixuan Liu, Wenhui Wang, Ji′an Hu
{"title":"Coupled Utilization Technology of Thermal Energy and Compressed Air Energy Storage in Underground Space of Abandoned Mines: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Chen Cao, Kun Yu, Yixuan Liu, Wenhui Wang, Ji′an Hu","doi":"10.1002/ente.70643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep underground space energy and resources have emerged as integral constituents of modern energy systems. China has more than 13 000 closed mines, which, thanks to their excellent sealing properties and thermal storage conditions, serve as ideal sites for compressed air energy storage (CAES) and geothermal development. However, CAES faces the issue of wasted compression heat, while geothermal development faces the risk of thermal depletion. Building on a summary of the principles, current status, and technical bottlenecks of CAES and geothermal utilization in closed mines, this paper proposes the synergistic development of CAES and geothermal energy to enhance efficiency. The compression heat generated during the energy storage phase is used to supplement geothermal heat, while geothermal heat is utilized to preheat air during the energy-release phase, thereby improving overall efficiency. Taking the Pangzhuang Mine as an example, a development plan involving shallow extraction and medium-to-deep-level gas storage was designed, with a CAES capacity of 134.3 MW and an efficiency of 60%; with total annual revenue of $14.25 million and a static payback period of approximately 5.3 years. This synergy improves the utilization efficiency of underground space and helps promote the low-carbon transition of mining areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}