Hamdan Ahmad, Palanisamy Dhamodharan, Sung Chul Kim
{"title":"Advances in Cooling Technologies for Electric Vehicle Drive Motors, Reducers, and Inverters: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Hamdan Ahmad, Palanisamy Dhamodharan, Sung Chul Kim","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401691","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective thermal management is a critical challenge in electric vehicles (EVs), influencing the efficiency, reliability, and lifespan of key components such as electric drive motors, inverters, and reducers. This comprehensive review systematically evaluates advanced cooling technologies for EV powertrains, providing a comparative analysis of traditional and emerging solutions. Novel insights are presented on the integration of innovative materials, such as nanofluids and phase-change materials, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic thermal optimization. The study highlights the enhanced cooling performance achieved through hybrid approaches that synergize liquid and air-cooling methods. Additionally, the review introduces the transformative potential of AI-driven systems in optimizing cooling efficiency, predicting thermal loads, and detecting faults in real time. The novelty of this work lies in its focus on the holistic thermal management of multiple EV components, bridging the gap in current literature by addressing the interplay of cooling strategies across the entire powertrain. This analysis underscores the need for continued innovation in thermal management to meet the growing demands of EV technology and sustainability goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Vanadium Disulfide (VS2) Nanosheets as High-Efficiency Supercapacitor Electrodes","authors":"Anila Bhuvanendran Nandana, Raghavan Baby Rakhi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerge as promising electrode materials for next-generation electrochemical energy-storage devices. In the present study, vanadium disulfide (VS<sub>2</sub>), an underexplored TMD, is investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitors. VS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets are synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal method at 220 °C for 24 h. Multiple characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscope, confirm the formation of phase-pure VS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets with a hexagonal structure. The specific surface area, measured using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, is 12 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. A specific capacitance of 106 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> is demonstrated using symmetric supercapacitors fabricated using these VS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets. Using this device, an energy density of 34 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 800 W kg<sup>−1</sup> is achieved. Moreover, the supercapacitor maintains 94% capacitance retention after 9000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, highlighting the potential of VS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon-Supported Ni–Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticle Materials for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to CO","authors":"Yanzhuo Liu, Tianxia Liu, Bingzhen Ma","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401820","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide is a highly effective method for energy storage. It is essential to explore inexpensive metal catalysts that exhibit high selectivity and yield for carbon monoxide, yet this remains a significant challenge. In this study, carbon-supported Ni–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (denoted as Ni<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cu<sub><i>y</i></sub> NPs-C) are synthesized through low-temperature carbonization of Ni<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cu<sub><i>y</i></sub>-ZIF. The carbon matrix effectively prevents the aggregation of Ni/Cu NPs, allowing for a more uniform dispersion that exposes a greater number of active sites. The well-conductive Ni/Cu particles facilitate electron transfer, contributing to high current density. Electrocatalytic performance tests indicate that the synthesized catalyst can efficiently convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, achieving a Faradaic efficiency for CO (FE<sub>CO</sub>) exceeding 90% at potentials from −0.9 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) to −1.1 V (vs. RHE), with a peak FE<sub>CO</sub> of 96.37 % at −1.1 V (vs. RHE) and a total current density of 15.435 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experiencing Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling in Commercial Roofs with Ultrahigh-Temperature Reduction Using Micro/Nanoparticles-Distributed Porous Polymeric Structure","authors":"Ragunath Lakshmanan, Kamatchi Rajaram","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401869","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, great interest is pursued by researchers in radiative cooling paints (RCPs) due to enhanced passive cooling capability, space cooling demands are reduced, and greenhouse gas emissions are combated owing to hassle-free applicability on existing structures. In this study, different formulation of RCPs is developed such as RCP1, RCP2, RCP3, and RCP4. The real-time cooling capability of all the developed RCPs are experimentally investigated by painting a single layer on asbestos cement sheet and clay tile in indoor and outdoor conditions. Strategic selection of fillers and binders in the development of RCPs maximizes the reflection in solar window and emission in thermal window. During outdoor analysis at a tropical savanna condition, a drastic reduction in temperature of 12.36 °C is observed in RCP3 in a midday and sub-ambient cooling of −3.68 °C observed in nighttime. When compared to commercial white-paint-coated roofs, an excellent reduction of ≈4.3 °C is found with RCP3. Also, RCPs used in this study saves almost 335 Wm<sup>−2</sup> of energy on air conditioners by offsetting negative cooling power of commercial roofs (−300 Wm<sup>−2</sup>) to positive cooling power by 35 Wm<sup>−2</sup>. Hence, this passive cooling technique saves people from deadly heat waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonthermal Plasma-Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane in Parallel-Plate Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor Using Mg-Modified Ni Catalysts","authors":"Thitiporn Suttikul, Patcharin Naemchanthara, Annop Klamchuen, Sanchai Kuboon, Thongchai Photsathain","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The conversion of greenhouse gases, particularly CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, into syngas via dry reforming of methane (DRM) has effectively mitigated global warming and climate change issues. The research objectives are to enhance the DRM efficiency and reduce coke formation using Ni catalysts supported on Mg-modified Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge. Raising the Ni calcination temperature from (Ni/Mg–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-500) to 700 °C (Ni/Mg–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-700) enhances NiO reduction temperatures, thus diminishing their reducibility. This indicates that Ni/Mg–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-700 exhibits stronger NiO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interaction, resulting in increased metal dispersion and decreased crystallite and particle sizes. As the Ni calcination temperature increases from 700 to 800 °C (Ni/Mg–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-800) the intensity of the Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Mg<sub>0.11</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel structure is enhanced. The increased Ni calcination temperature enhances the metal-support sintering processes and promotes the metal nanoparticle cluster formation, leading to increased particle and crystallite sizes, alongside decreased dispersion of Ni and Mg particles on the catalyst surface. The Ni/Mg–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-700 exhibits lowest NiO reducibility, strongest NiO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interaction, highest metal dispersion, highest specific surface area, smallest particle, and crystallite sizes. Consequently, it attains the highest CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> conversions, H<sub>2</sub> and CO selectivities, and energy efficiency, as well as the lowest coking rate, carbon deposition, carbon loss, and specific energy consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D O/N/S Tridoped Honeycomb-Like Porous Carbon with Enhanced Performance for High-Mass Loading Supercapacitors","authors":"Xiaofei Liu","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401925","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To satisfy the practical needs of the sustainability and industrialization of supercapacitors, it is essential to maintain good electrochemical performance at high mass loading (>10 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>). Herein, a unique 3D O/N/S tridoped honeycomb-like porous carbon is successfully prepared from chitosan as carbon precursor and L-cysteine as sulfur source using gelation pretreatment and high-temperature pyrolysis methods. Chitosan and L-cysteine hierarchical porous carbons (CL-HPC-3:1) display rich O/N/S heteroatoms content, high specific surface area, (2806 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), interconnected hierarchical porous structure, good conductivity (0.23 Ω cm<sup>−1</sup>; 4.35 S cm<sup>−1</sup>), and strong wettability (the contact angle is 19°), which enable fast electron/ion transport and afford additional capacitance. Importantly, CL-HPC-3:1 (3:1 represents the mass ratio of chitosan to L-cysteine.) can maintain excellent electrochemical performance at mass loading of 12.2 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>, which has high specific capacitance (298.36 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>), high area capacitance (3.64 F cm<sup>−2</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>), low-open-circuit voltage attenuation rate (21.63 mV h<sup>−1</sup>), high voltage retention (78.54%), and remarkable cyclic stability (92.06% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles). This work demonstrates the successful conversion of chitosan into the sustainable and high-performance electrode materials and also develops a valuable utilization way for chitosan.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Advanced Dynamic Process Simulation with Experimental Validation for Sensible Thermal Energy-Storage Systems","authors":"Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki, Falah Alobaid, Maria Gabriela Horst, Bernd Epple","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401847","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A thermal-energy-storage (TES) system is investigated in this work. The charging process uses hot air passed through a fixed bed, transferring thermal energy to solid particles, while discharging occurs with cold air flowing in the opposite direction. A novel automated dynamic simulation model of the TES is developed and validated using data from the literature. This study uniquely operates with a heat-transfer-fluid (HTF) temperature of up to 1200 °C during charging, with discharge temperatures regulated via a bypass controller. Simulations explore the fixed-bed storage behaviour during charging/discharging cycles, with 64 parameter variations tested. In addition to air, CO<sub>2</sub> is evaluated as an HTF to enhance performance due to its higher density. Results show that Case C14 (using air) achieves a maximum thermal capacity of 3.237 MWh and utilization of 55.4%. When CO<sub>2</sub> is substituted for air under the same parameters, a thermal capacity and utilization increase of 4.5% is observed, along with reduced compressor work, highlighting CO<sub>2</sub>'s advantages for improved efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yueqin Zhao, Yuxin Sun, Liuyun Chen, Xianjun Yang, Pengfei Yang, Xinling Xie, Zuzeng Qin, Hongbing Ji, Tongming Su
{"title":"Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over Mn0.4Cd0.6S/CuS p–n Heterojunction under Visible Light Irradiation","authors":"Yueqin Zhao, Yuxin Sun, Liuyun Chen, Xianjun Yang, Pengfei Yang, Xinling Xie, Zuzeng Qin, Hongbing Ji, Tongming Su","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting is a promising technology for overcoming energy and environmental issues. Herein, Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cd<sub>0.6</sub>S/CuS composites were constructed for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The amount of CuS is optimized, and the composition and structure of the Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cd<sub>0.6</sub>S/CuS composite are investigated via various characterization techniques. The formation of a p–n heterojunction between Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cd<sub>0.6</sub>S and CuS and the built-in electric field improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes and enhance the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production. When the content of CuS is 5 wt%, Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cd<sub>0.6</sub>S/5CuS presents the best photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 22.10 mmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, which is 3.0 times greater than that of Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cd<sub>0.6</sub>S, and the apparent quantum yield reaches 7.82% at 400 nm. Combined with the activity test and characterization results, the reaction mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen production over the Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Cd<sub>0.6</sub>S/CuS composite is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muchamed Keshtov, Alexei Khokhlov, Dmitri Shikin, Jun Liu, Dmitri Kalinkin, Vladimir Alekseev, Rahul Singhal, Ganesh D. Sharma
{"title":"Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on S, N-Heteroacene Non-Fullerene Acceptors with Unfused Architecture A-D-D-A-Type","authors":"Muchamed Keshtov, Alexei Khokhlov, Dmitri Shikin, Jun Liu, Dmitri Kalinkin, Vladimir Alekseev, Rahul Singhal, Ganesh D. Sharma","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, two distinct unfused non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are synthesized by arranging them in an A-D-D-A pattern, both containing same D-D central S, N-heteroacene but different terminal acceptors, namely BTA (<b>NFA-2</b>) and IC (<b>NFA-3</b>). Their optical and electrochemical properties are investigated. Both <b>NFA-2</b> and <b>NFA-3</b> display the high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, leading to an increased open circuit voltage in the organic solar cells. PBDB-T is chosen as polymer donor, showing spectral absorption that complements both NFAs. The optimized organic solar cells, based on PBDB-T:<b>NFA-2</b> and PBDB-T:<b>NFA-3</b> attained power conversion efficiency of 9.24% and 13.50%, respectively. Since the absorption characteristics of <b>NFA-2</b> and <b>NFA-3</b> are complementary, a small amount of <b>NFA-2</b> is added into PBDB-T:<b>NFA-3</b> binary blend, the ternary organic solar cells attained a power conversion efficiency of 15.24%. The rise in power conversion efficiency is linked to the higher values of both short circuit current and fill factor. The increased short circuit current value in ternary organic solar cells is linked to the efficient use of excitons produced in <b>NFA-2</b> by transferring energy from <b>NFA-2</b> to <b>NFA-3</b> and effective exciton dissociation, faster charge extraction, decreased bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination. The enhanced value of FF is also linked to the processes mentioned earlier. This investigation shows that it is advantageous to use separate non-fused NFAs with absorption spectra that complement each other and have overlapped PL spectra of a medium bandgap acceptor along with the absorption spectra of a narrow bandgap NFA in ternary organic solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengying Ma, Ali Matin Nazar, Amir Hossein Moradi, Houra Goharian, Gaowei Mao, Melika Yari, Xiaosheng Ji, Sha Dong
{"title":"Advanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Sensing Technologies for High-Efficiency Cardiovascular Monitoring","authors":"Chengying Ma, Ali Matin Nazar, Amir Hossein Moradi, Houra Goharian, Gaowei Mao, Melika Yari, Xiaosheng Ji, Sha Dong","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as transformative technologies in biosensing, offering unprecedented energy efficiency and precision in monitoring vital physiological signals. This review delves into the cutting-edge advancements in TENG sensors, highlighting their exceptional potential in bioengineering applications. Key operating mechanisms and advanced materials are explored, with a focus on their impact on sensor sensitivity, durability, and biocompatibility. Cardiovascular monitoring is presented as a pivotal application, where TENG sensors demonstrate exceptional capability in detecting subtle mechanical signals such as pulse waves and heartbeats in real time. Their self-powered nature eliminates the need for external energy sources, and their inherent scalability and adaptability make them ideal for integration into wearable or implantable devices. Benefits such as miniaturization, energy efficiency, and biocompatibility are discussed, alongside challenges like material fatigue and long-term stability in biomedical environments. Future directions include optimizing TENG materials for enhanced mechanical robustness and expanding their integration into advanced medical diagnostics. This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for leveraging TENG technologies to revolutionize continuous cardiovascular monitoring and broader medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}