Energy technology最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of 0.6 eV Bandgap In0.69Ga0.31As Thermophotovoltaic Cells and Its System Demonstration","authors":"Qiaobing Yang,&nbsp;Han Zhai,&nbsp;Hongbo Lu,&nbsp;Tong Zheng,&nbsp;Ge Li,&nbsp;Renbo Lei,&nbsp;Shuai Jiang,&nbsp;Ninghua Ma,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyi Li","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401480","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) is a promising energy conversion technology that can absorb the heat from a thermal radiator and transfer it into power. As the most significant energy converter, TPV cells need a narrower bandgap to realize a wider absorption spectrum range. In this work, the fabrication and characterization of single-junction In_0.69Ga_0.31As TPV cells with a bandgap of 0.6 eV are presented. The main structure is grown on an InP substrate through metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Step-graded InAs_<i>y</i>P_1−<i>y</i> buffer layers are used to mitigate the dislocations by relaxing the stress induced by lattice mismatch completely. Analysis of the composition, strain relaxation, layer tilt, and crystalline quality of each layer is demonstrated using triple-axis X-ray reciprocal space mapping and transmission electron microscopy. According to the tested results, each layer is found to be nearly fully relaxed and the InGaAs active layer grown on the buffer displays a high crystal quality. External quantum efficiency achieves 90% at 1100–1500 nm. Additionally, a TPV test platform is constructed to evaluate the cell performance. The maximum efficiency of the lattice-mismatched TPV cell reaches 21.92% operating at a power density of 267.4 mW cm⁻² and an emitter temperature of 1200 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Synthesis of 2D Nanostructured Bimetallic Oxide (NiMoO4) on Self-Supported Nickel Foam for Boosted Electrocatalytic Seawater Oxidation Performance","authors":"Gopalakrishnan Shanmugam,&nbsp;Harish Santhana Krishnan,&nbsp;Senthil Kumar Eswaran,&nbsp;Navaneethan Mani","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400941","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The design and development of effective electrocatalysts containing nonprecious materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in seawater splitting remains a significant challenge for large-scale industrial hydrogen production. Nonprecious bimetallic oxide-constructed catalysts are utmost promising candidates to obtain boosting electrochemical water oxidation performance. Herein, a transition bimetallic oxide nanostructure electrocatalyst as NiMoO₄ vertically standing nanosheet over the nickel foam substrate (NiMoO₄/NF) for electrochemical water oxidation process in alkaline fresh/simulated seawater conditions is presented. NiMoO₄ nanostructure on NF substrate is successfully obtained using a straightforward hydrothermal reaction route and thermal annealing processes. The surface morphology with elemental characteristics of the resultant NiMoO₄/NF sample exposes highly homogenous vertical standing nanosheets assembled on the NF surface. The electrochemical water oxidation performance of the as-prepared electrodes demonstrates the function of diverse hydrothermal reaction times (3, 6, and 9 h) in fresh and simulated seawater electrolyte conditions. In alkaline seawater electrolyte conditions, optimal hydrothermal reaction time-assisted NiMoO₄/NF-6 h electrocatalyst possesses significant OER electrocatalytic actives compared to the other samples. Similarly, NiMoO₄/NF-6 h catalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 429 mV to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm⁻² with a Tafel slope value of 122 mV dec⁻¹ for OER process. As a result, the resultant superior electrocatalytic performance of the optimal hydrothermal reaction time-aided electrocatalyst (NiMoO₄/NF-6 h) is ascribed to highly accessible catalytic active centers and enhanced charge transfer kinetics at the interface for electrochemical reactions. Thus, proposed nanostructure-constructed electrocatalysts could prove to be prospective OER candidates for electrochemical water oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Passivation Strategies for Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Hongxin Weng,&nbsp;Peng Xiang,&nbsp;Bowen Li,&nbsp;Hong Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Luo,&nbsp;Chengyu Jun,&nbsp;Qihao Dai,&nbsp;Ting Xiao,&nbsp;Lihua Jiang,&nbsp;Xinyu Tan","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are celebrated for their potential in clean and renewable energy applications. However, their performance and longevity are often compromised by surface and grain boundary defects. Herein, a posttreatment strategy using 4-hydroxy-4′-biphenylcarboxylic acid ethyl ester (EHBC) is introduced to passivate these defects in perovskite films, thereby enhancing the performance of PSCs. As a Lewis base, the carbonyl group of EHBC interacts with uncoordinated lead ions to passivate lead vacancy defects, while the hydroxyl group forms hydrogen bonds with iodide ions, reducing their migration. Additionally, the hydrophobic biphenyl groups of EHBC enhance the resistance to moisture. The study demonstrates that PSCs treated with EHBC retain 69% of their initial performance after 700 h under 30% relative humidity, achieving a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.48%, a significant improvement over the untreated control PSCs (PCE = 23.04%). This synergistic passivation strategy offers an effective approach for fabricating high-efficiency and stable PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Design and Optimization on Three-Row J-Type Air Cooling Channel of Pouch LiB Module","authors":"Libin Duan,&nbsp;Lingling Li,&nbsp;Wei Xu,&nbsp;Guangya Zhang,&nbsp;Huajin Zhou,&nbsp;Xing Liu,&nbsp;Zhanpeng Du","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401362","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To enhance the cooling efficiency of pouch lithium-ion battery modules, a three-row J-type air cooling channel structure is proposed, utilizing the previously developed multiple inlet/outlet air cooling frames. The influence of the location and number of inlets and outlets on heat dissipation performance is investigated through six air cooling channel schemes, providing a baseline for the multiobjective structural optimization of the proposed structure. Three important structural parameters, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;\u0000$h_{1}$\u0000&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;/math&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;\u0000$h_{2}$\u0000&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;/math&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt;, of its air convergence and divergence plenums are selected as the design variables to improve the airflow uniformity in branch channels and minimize the pressure drop between inlets and outlets. The final design exhibits superior heat dissipation performance compared to baseline. It is noted that the airflow root mean square error in branch channels is reduced by 75.64%, while the pressure drop &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mo&gt;Δ&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;\u0000$Delta p$\u0000&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;/math&gt; is increased by 19.74%. These are the critical factors for ensuring the heat dissipation performance of battery module. The maximum temperature &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;\u0000$T_{text{max}}$\u0000&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;/math&gt; and the maximum temperature difference &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mo&gt;Δ&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based Exploration of Web Guiding Behavior for a Novel Battery Cell Stacking Process","authors":"Kamal Husseini,&nbsp;Vishal Gupta,&nbsp;Sebastian Schabel,&nbsp;Jürgen Fleischer","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Innovative production processes are required to meet the rapidly growing demand for batteries and the associated material trends. In particular, the process step of stack assembly using new machine concepts promises a high potential for optimization. However, these concepts are untested in practice. The use of digital models makes it possible to develop corresponding optimization approaches. This article presents the development of a model for the web guiding systems of electrodes and its integration into an overall machine model for a novel machine concept. Finally, optimization approaches are identified by determining appropriate controller parameters for the web guiding systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202401046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Optical Window for Constant Cooling Heat Flux-Based Spectral Splitting in Concentrator Photovoltaic System","authors":"Jingyang Han,&nbsp;Shiqi Hou,&nbsp;Yixin Xiao,&nbsp;Shiyao Yang,&nbsp;Kun Li,&nbsp;Yong Li","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401688","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The solar cells cooled to constant temperature at different concentration ratios (CR) and spectral bands (SB) require the same cooling heat flux (CHF), but the output power varies significantly. Thus, it is necessary to clarify the relationship of CHF-CR-SB to provide a reference for photovoltaic systems to select the output power generation of the spectral band under constant cooling heat flux. In this article, a selecting spectra model of a centralized photovoltaic (CPV) system is established and the selection of the spectrum based on CHF and the CR is analyzed. Theory shows that the wider the spectral division of the same CR, the larger the cooling heat flux consumed. The narrower the spectrum division, the higher the CR that the cell receiver can withstand. The experiments show that the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE), the lower the cooling heat flux to be consumed. The cooling heat flux of 650 filter consumes 22.74% more than the UV700 filter, which means the demand for CHF is more severe when the heat spectrum distribution is wide. The spectral division should be carried out according to the requirements of high-energy flux but a small thermal energy proportion to achieve efficient PCE.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Double-Arch-Structured Hybrid Triboelectric and Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Graphene Oxide Composite Films","authors":"Yunhao Feng,&nbsp;Jing Xu,&nbsp;Yang Dai,&nbsp;Xiao Cui,&nbsp;Xiaojiang Zhong","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000In this study, a methodology for fabricating double-arch triboelectric and piezoelectric composite nanogenerators using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and graphene oxide (GO) is presented. Initially, nanofiber films comprising PVDF/GO are synthesized through electrostatic spinning. Subsequently, the PVDF/GO film is integrated with cotton fibers and a copper electrode to construct the triboelectric layer. In contrast, another portion of the PVDF/GO film, alongside a copper electrode, comprises the piezoelectric layer, with the central copper electrode acting as a common electrode. Finally, a double-arch structure is established by employing polyethylene terephthalate film to facilitate synergistic operation between the triboelectric and piezoelectric layers. In the experimental results, it is indicated that the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the triboelectric layer of the double-arch structure are 330 V and 36 μA, respectively, representing increases of 44% and 50% compared to those of the sandwich triboelectric structure. Additionally, the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the piezoelectric layer are 22 V and 4 μA, respectively, reflecting enhancements of 57% and 100% over those of conventional sandwich piezoelectric structures. The output power of the double-arch composite nanogenerator is capable of lighting up 120 light-emitting diodes. Thus, this composite nanogenerator shows great potential as an environmentally friendly energy source.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Warning of Energy Storage Battery Fault Based on Improved Autoformer and Adaptive Threshold","authors":"Guixue Cheng,&nbsp;Nana Zhang,&nbsp;Hongsheng Liu","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To enhance voltage prediction accuracy in energy storage batteries and address the limitations of fixed threshold warning methods, a fault warning approach based on an improved Autoformer model and adaptive thresholds is proposed. First, a spatiotemporal filtering layer is introduced into the autocorrelation mechanism to analyze the trend features of voltage sequences across different frequency domains. Additionally, an adaptive gating residual connection is used to link the sublayer and current layer output features, which helps to improve the model's adaptive feature selection capability. This innovation enables the development of a robust voltage prediction model based on the enhanced Autoformer. Then, a similarity-based adaptive threshold, using interval estimation, is employed to rapidly track variations in battery voltage, enabling dynamic adjustment of voltage thresholds. Finally, the proposed method is validated with real voltage data from an operational energy storage station. The experimental results shows that the proposed model has higher accuracy and robustness compared to similar methods. The adaptive threshold can reduce the false alarm rate by ≈18% and issue alarms at three sampling points ahead of the battery management system alarm, improving fault warning accuracy and illustrating that early fault warning is effectively and practically carried out using the method.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Low-Temperature UVO Photochemical Annealed Mesoporous TiO2 Layers","authors":"Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Chaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Yi Guo,&nbsp;Jiajia Huang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yuejin Zhu,&nbsp;Like Huang","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401503","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000In recent years, the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has seen rapid development, with most high-efficiency devices incorporating dense titanium dioxide (TiO₂) barrier layers and mesoporous TiO₂ layers to enhance selective electron transport. However, the manufacturing process requires high-temperature sintering steps above 450 °C, leading to significant energy consumption. In addition, this requirement greatly limits the potential applications of PSCs in the field of flexible electronics. This study introduces a new method for preparing dense-layer-free mesoporous PSCs using low-temperature UVO annealing of m-TiO₂. UVO annealing effectively removes residual organic components from m-TiO₂ precursor films, enhances the conductivity and wettability of the films, thereby reducing carrier recombination and improving the performance of PSCs. Research has shown that PSC with a 40 min UVO annealed m-TiO₂ layer exhibits a final photoelectric conversion efficiency of 17.79%, comparable to devices with traditional high-temperature annealed m-TiO₂ PSCs. In addition, after 7 days at room temperature and ambient humidity, the unpackaged device maintains a maximum conversion efficiency of 84%. These findings indicate that UVO light annealing is a feasible alternative to high-temperature annealing, providing a simpler, more cost-effective, and energy-saving method for the preparation of metal oxide electron transport layer in PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning Corn Stalk Trashes into a Photothermal Agent for Interfacial Solar Water Evaporation for Sustainable Water Purification","authors":"Bowen Lv,&nbsp;Shu Yang","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401534","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Biomass-based photothermal materials have a higher photothermal conversion efficiency and contribute significantly to improved solar water evaporation systems. This work aims to transform corn stalk (CS) trash into efficient photothermal materials with centralized and less-contact area water supply systems to achieve enhanced interfacial heat accumulation. We successfully synthesized cornstalk biochar synthesized via pyrolysis to maintain the environmental concern and is deposited onto a scalable, and cost-effective (&lt;1$) polyurethane foam (triangle shape, where the tip plays the wick and centralized water supply). The detailed characterizations validate the porous structure of CS biochar-coated PU foam (CSB@PU), and enhance interfacial heat accumulation up to 47.8 °C under 1 kW m⁻² solar irradiation which is endowed via thermal management of polystyrene foam (PS). This reproducible interfacial heat accumulation and sustainable evaporator bestow a water evaporation rate of up to 1.38 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency (84%) under one sun which is more efficient than other biomass-derived evaporators. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy analysis validates the reductions of primary (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺) and heavy metal ion (Fe³⁺, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺) concentrations in condensate, insights the potential of CSB@PU to advance the water treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}