High-Power Primary Lithium Battery with Vanadium Oxide/Fluorocarbon-Based Cathode

The manuscript examines the applicability of the lithium-vanadium oxide-fluorocarbon electrochemical system for primary batteries with both high-power and high specific energy density. The influence of mass ratio of fluorinated carbon and vanadium oxide in the composition of the positive electrode on its specific characteristics is studied. At a low discharge current density of 0.17 mA cm⁻² the specific energy density is proportional to the mass fraction of CF_x in cathode layer and achieves up to 900 Wh kg (cathode layer)⁻¹ for the cells with cathode active material composition V₂O₅:CF_x = 100%:0% and up to 1800 Wh kg (cathode layer)⁻¹ for the cells with cathode active material composition V₂O₅:CF_x = 0%:100%. At high current densities, cells with a cathode that corresponds to active material composition V₂O₅:CF_x = 70%:30% have the highest specific energy density reaching up to 700 Wh kg (cathode layer)⁻¹ at 18 mA cm⁻² and 410 Wh kg (cathode layer)⁻¹ at 30 mA cm⁻². The practical applicability of the considered electrochemical system is approved on the pouch cell prototypes with capacity of about 4 Ah, specific energy density of 420 Wh kg (pouch cell)⁻¹ and peak/continuous specific power of 1500/290 W kg (pouch cell)⁻¹.