Exploring Vanadium Disulfide (VS2) Nanosheets as High-Efficiency Supercapacitor Electrodes

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerge as promising electrode materials for next-generation electrochemical energy-storage devices. In the present study, vanadium disulfide (VS₂), an underexplored TMD, is investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitors. VS₂ nanosheets are synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal method at 220 °C for 24 h. Multiple characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscope, confirm the formation of phase-pure VS₂ nanosheets with a hexagonal structure. The specific surface area, measured using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, is 12 m² g⁻¹. A specific capacitance of 106 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ is demonstrated using symmetric supercapacitors fabricated using these VS₂ nanosheets. Using this device, an energy density of 34 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 800 W kg⁻¹ is achieved. Moreover, the supercapacitor maintains 94% capacitance retention after 9000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A g⁻¹, highlighting the potential of VS₂ nanosheets as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.