Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Does clearing forests increase the abundance of crop pollinators?","authors":"Hisatomo Taki ,&nbsp;Yuta Nagano ,&nbsp;Kae Natsume ,&nbsp;Tadashi Miyashita","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impact of forest logging on wild pollinators in a small-scale agricultural landscape in central Japan, focusing on the pollination services these species provide to buckwheat fields. We specifically examined how deforestation-induced open environments influence the diversity and abundance of insect pollinators. We established four experimental sites along the edges of forest areas, where we removed the vegetation to create grassland patches and maintained them through annual mowing. We collected pollinators from both the logged areas and adjacent forest areas from June to October in 2022 and 2023 using Malaise traps. The results indicated that insect abundance was significantly higher in the logged areas than in forest areas in both years, although the response of different pollinator groups varied. These findings suggest that forest logging, when combined with vegetation management measures such as annual mowing, can enhance pollinator abundance, but the effect varies among taxonomic groups. Overall, this study shows that logging influences pollinator populations, with local context, such as landscape configuration and vegetation dynamics, playing a crucial role in shaping pollinator dynamics. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of logging on pollinators and their actual impact on crop yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen removal from farmland effluents through novel eco-ditch system: Performance and mechanism","authors":"Xiaojing Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongzhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiqin Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuezheng Wen ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are worldwide environmental challenges threatening sustainable agriculture. While eco-ditches are known to control NPS pollution, their role in simultaneously mitigating GHG emissions remains poorly quantified. This study aimed to elucidate the dual role of eco-ditches in reducing both NPS pollution and GHG emissions from farmland effluents. Here, a novel eco-ditch has been constructed in combination with a dual-layered vegetation and two distinct engineered biofilm carriers to assess the nitrogen removal efficiency, unravel the spatiotemporal variations of emission fluxes of GHGs, and elucidate the nitrogen metabolism pathway. The average removal efficiency of NO₃⁻-N, NO₂⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N, and TN were 37.8 %, 8.2 %, 23.7 %, and 28.7 %, respectively. Among the species tested, <em>Acorus calamus</em> exhibited the lowest global warming potential (GWP) (47.68–97.77 mg CO_2-eq m⁻² h⁻¹). This finding highlights its significant role in mitigating GHG emissions from eco-ditch systems compared to <em>Vallisneria spiralls</em> (45.35–151.29 mg CO_2-eq m⁻² h⁻¹) and the blank control (42.22–138.63 mg CO_2-eq m⁻² h⁻¹). Additionally, GHG emissions in this study were significantly correlated with functional microorganisms in water, stone filter, and biological stuffing samples (Mantel's <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Nitrogen is usually removed and fixed by a series of microbial processes and plant uptake. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of eco-ditches to advance sustainable agriculture, enhance regional water quality, and mitigate climate change, thereby providing a strong scientific basis for their large-scale adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of hydrological restoration in the mangrove of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Haydée López-Adame ,&nbsp;F. Ángel Zaragoza-Méndez ,&nbsp;Ana Laura Lara-Domínguez ,&nbsp;M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos ,&nbsp;Ismael Mariño-Tapia ,&nbsp;Eduardo Sáinz-Hernández ,&nbsp;Rosela Pérez-Ceballos ,&nbsp;Arturo Zaldívar-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Jorge López-Portillo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangroves rely on hydrological connectivity driven by tidal dynamics. This connectivity is diminished in degraded mangroves, resulting in physiologically stressful conditions for mangrove vegetation, characterized by high salinity and water stagnation. We evaluated the flooding dynamics of a mangrove associated with a coastal lagoon in the central Gulf of Mexico, using Fourier and continuous wavelet analyses of water level time series during three restoration phases, in degraded, and preserved mangroves. Mangrove degradation was caused by three embankments that obstructed surface water flow, increased interstitial salinity (up to 140 psu), resulted in extensive tree mortality (30 ha), and led to a collapsed soil level (−0.15 m). The first phase (2016 2018) involved the opening and widening of embankment breaches to allow higher surface water flow through the mangrove; however, the salinity remained high (74.5 ± 17.9 psu), and water flow was limited. In the second phase (2019), microtopography was enhanced by digging canals to create preferential flow paths connecting the mudflat (dead mangrove area) with the lagoon, and 750 artificial islets were constructed. Monitoring the restoration outcomes occurred at the third phase (20202021). We observed daily surface water renewal in all three mangrove conditions, driven by diurnal and semidiurnal tides, as well as biweekly renewal associated with spring and neap tides. Additionally, salinity levels were significantly reduced to 36.7 ± 7.06 psu. Another effect of hydrological restoration was the vigorous natural regeneration, high seedling survival, and growth. By the end of 2021, saplings entirely covered the islet surfaces and canal edges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional soil characteristics of young bioretention facility in China: Evidence-based guidelines for LID design and maintenance","authors":"Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhou Guo ,&nbsp;Joseph Smith ,&nbsp;Xia Jin ,&nbsp;Yuhong Li ,&nbsp;Ryan Winston","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioretention facilities (BRFs) are critical components of Sponge City initiatives in China, yet their performance is highly influenced by regional soil characteristics and temporal pedogenic processes. This study systematically analyzed 61 young BRFs (2–66 months old) across 14 cities in China, representing seven distinct topographic regions. Soil properties, including particle size distribution and organic matter content (OM%), were evaluated at different depths (0–30 cm) and locations —specifically the forebay (inflow section where runoff initially enters and sediments accumulate) and the center (central bioretention media zone representing the primary filtration area) to assess spatiotemporal variations. Results revealed significant regional differences in soil composition, with sandy loam dominating high-rainfall areas (e.g., Southern China) and silty loam prevalent in alluvial plains (e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plain). Temporal analysis identified four operational phases—Early Deployment (ED), Performance Optimization (PO), Maintenance-Required (MR), and Aging Infrastructure (AI)—each exhibiting unique soil evolution patterns. Fine particle accumulation increased with system age, particularly in surface layers (0–10 cm), while OM% varied regionally, peaking in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (9.10–12.77 %) and declining in the Loess Plateau (1.55–2.24 %). These findings underscore the need for region-specific BRF designs and age-dependent maintenance strategies to optimize hydrological performance and pollutant removal. The study provides evidence-based guidelines for adapting BRF construction and upkeep to China's diverse environmental conditions, supporting sustainable urban stormwater management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling hydrology and vegetation management: Evidence that annual harvesting curtails greenhouse gases and nutrient release in a reservoir drawdown zone","authors":"Xingchen Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Liu ,&nbsp;Dayu Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Jinhui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuowei Wang ,&nbsp;Weiqiao Liu ,&nbsp;Minhui Xia ,&nbsp;Huaidong Zhou ,&nbsp;Leixiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonally exposed shorelines of China's Three Gorges Reservoir host dense vegetation stands that accumulate nutrients and emit greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study tested whether an annual, zone-wide plant biomass removal could simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and prevent nutrient mobilization from soils into adjacent waters. We hypothesized that removing aboveground vegetation prior to re-inundation would reduce methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes without significantly elevating soil or water nutrient levels. Across upstream, mid-reservoir, and downstream reaches, we monitored soil chemistry, near-shore water quality, and surface fluxes of CH₄, CO₂, and N₂O for four weeks following plant biomass removal. Harvesting reduced median soil CH₄ emissions by 67 %, CO₂ emissions by 40 %, and N₂O emissions by approximately 20 %, resulting in a total net benefit of 0.8 kg CO₂ equivalents per square meter. Key soil nutrients including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), Olsen-extractable phosphorus (Olsen-P), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), as well as eleven monitored water-quality indicators, showed no statistically significant changes, indicating minimal nutrient mobilization. Mean standing biomass (652 ± 239 g m⁻²) contained 16.2 g nitrogen per kilogram and 4.2 g phosphorus per kilogram. Scaled to the 284.65 km² drawdown zone, an annual harvest could remove approximately 3.0 kt of nitrogen and 0.8 kt of phosphorus, comparable to inputs from several tributaries. Mechanized vegetation harvesting therefore provides a feasible management practice offering both climate and water quality benefits for the Three Gorges Reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decision support tool for determination of stormwater wetland and bioretention system suitability in coastal South Carolina","authors":"Dhanuska B. Wijesinghe ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Hitchcock ,&nbsp;Dara M. Park ,&nbsp;David L. White ,&nbsp;Anand D. Jayakaran ,&nbsp;William Bridges","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetative based stormwater control measures (VB-SCMs) attempt to maintain natural hydrologic conditions in urban development. The suitability for two VB-SCMs in Coastal SC (Georgetown, Horry, Charleston, and Beaufort Counties) were investigated: retention-based stormwater wetlands and infiltration based bioretention systems. Two GIS based models (weighted linear combination (WLC), and spatial query (SQ) were developed and compared for determining the suitability of the two VB-SCMs. Although both models identified a very low percentage of areas suitable for either VB-SCMs, the SQ model identified less suitable sites than the WLC. The more stringent criteria and smaller footprint needed for bioretention systems than for stormwater wetlands is most likely why there was better agreement among the models for identifying suitable areas for bioretention systems than for stormwater wetlands. The area required for the two VB-SCMs was a limiting factor and is the primary reason why only 68 % and 48 % of the existing natural wetlands were predicted suitable as stormwater wetlands (WLC and SQ, respectively). The SQ model determines whether a site requires standard construction, while the WLC model helps identify actions needed to construct and maintain certain VB-SCMs successfully. Thus, both models can help the stakeholders identify and properly place VB-SCMs to minimize the impairments. Nevertheless, further studies are required at the field scale to evaluate the suitability of the developed models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a novel topographic-based precision restoration framework for Drylands Ecosystems","authors":"Janira Fernandez-Galera ,&nbsp;Yolanda Canton ,&nbsp;Mariano Moreno-de-las-Heras ,&nbsp;Juan Martínez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Sonia Chamizo ,&nbsp;Emilio Rodriguez-Caballero","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological restoration in drylands can be enhanced by understanding the composition and spatial distribution patterns of natural ecosystems, shaped by landscape geomorphology, species' microhabitat requirements and resource availability. This study aims to develop a precision restoration framework using UAV based data and statistical models, identify suitable microhabitats for native species in degraded areas based on reference ecosystems, and generate suitability and probability maps to guide species reintroduction. We selected an abandoned semi-arid quarry as a case study and identified five native plant species from a nearby natural reference ecosystem to replicate its ecological conditions. High-resolution orthoimages and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were obtained, and topographic attributes were calculated to model species' spatial distribution and topographical suitability. The resulting models were then used to generate suitability and probability maps to apply in a restoration site, revealing that species' spatial distributions are strongly influenced by topographically induced microhabitats, with effects varying among species. The distribution models predicted species presence with AUC values exceeding 0.90, identifying insolation, hillslope position, and runoff-related variables as key drivers of species distribution. This methodology enables more precise and efficient ecological restoration planning in arid zones by optimizing species selection and placement to enhance reintroduction success and survival rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root-soil moisture relationships as sustainability indicators for vegetation management: Evidence from Caragana korshinskii in China's Loess Plateau","authors":"Bing Ma ,&nbsp;Yuhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenhao Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Yu ,&nbsp;Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Asim Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective ecological restoration requires reliable indicators to assess vegetation sustainability in water-limited environments. This study developed and tested novel root-soil moisture indicators using 24-year-old <em>Caragana korshinskii</em> stands in China's Loess Plateau. We quantified root system architecture to unprecedented depths (2380 cm) and established direct relationships between root distribution patterns and soil moisture dynamics as ecological indicators. Our indicator framework revealed three functional zones: a shallow active zone (0–200 cm) containing 61.5 % of root biomass with moderate water depletion, a critical transition zone (200–520 cm) with 27.0 % of roots showing severe desiccation, and a deep extraction zone (520–2380 cm) with sparse roots causing systematic water mining. These patterns translated to measurable ecological indicators: Caragana stands showed 1019 mm less water storage than reference cropland, indicating unsustainable water consumption of 42.5 mm annually beyond precipitation inputs. A controlled replanting experiment demonstrated that these root-soil moisture relationships serve as predictive indicators—newly established plants rapidly developed similar patterns within four years, validating the indicator framework's reliability. The persistent dry layer from 320 to 2160 cm depth emerged as a critical threshold indicator for vegetation sustainability. These findings provide practical ecological indicators for managers: root distribution patterns can predict long-term water sustainability, while soil moisture thresholds can guide restoration decisions. Our indicator approach offers a robust framework for assessing and managing vegetation sustainability in dryland restoration projects worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate-enhanced allometric growth of Phragmites australis improved tailwater purification efficiency in constructed wetlands","authors":"Tian Lin ,&nbsp;Jia Niu ,&nbsp;Weipeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Huanlong Bai ,&nbsp;Lihong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The subtropical climate offers optimal conditions for the proliferation of wetland vegetation in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). However, the synergistic interactions between the biomass accumulation of <em>Phragmites australis</em> and the efficiency of pollutant removal during advanced tailwater treatment remain inadequately elucidated. This study established two VFCWs systems (gravel-based versus zeolite-based) and developed a regional allometric growth model that integrates plant height (H), basal diameter (D), and biomass parameters. This model was coupled with organ-scale (leaves/stems) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) analysis to quantify plant-substrate coupling dynamics. Key findings include: (1) <em>P. australis</em> biomass exhibited significant seasonal dynamics, with both aboveground and organ-specific biomass demonstrating a notable initial increase followed by a decline (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), reaching peak values in November across both VFCWs systems. (2) there were significant substrate-dependent growth variations, with the gravel group producing substantially higher leaf biomass (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and significantly greater total aboveground biomass (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to the zeolite group. (3) although leaf and stem N/P concentrations displayed coordinated temporal patterns without significant inter-organ differences, biomass variability emerged as the primary factor influencing aboveground N and P accumulation. (4) quantitative analysis revealed that the gravel group achieved superior plant nutrient sequestration, with <em>P. australis</em> accounted for 29.1 % (N) and 24.7 % (P) of total system removal, surpassing those in the zeolite group (16.2 % N, 16.8 % P). These finding collectively indicate that neutral-pH substrates optimally facilitate both biomass accumulation and contaminant removal efficiency, thereby enhancing the long-term operational performance of VFCWs in subtropical regions. This provides essential theoretical foundations and practical engineering value for the optimized design and management of CWs in the area</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moss-based building greening: A review on enhancing sustainability of concrete cityscapes","authors":"Moon-Su Kim ,&nbsp;Eung-Sam Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban expansion has led to a wide range of environmental issues, for which building greening has been proposed and implemented as a sustainable solution. However, the widespread of vascular plant-based building greening has been limited due to high installation and maintenance costs. As an alternative, moss-based building greening—leveraging the unique life cycle and strong stress tolerance of mosses—has gained increasing attention. This review summarizes the life cycle characteristics and stress tolerances of mosses and categorizes existing research on moss-based building greening into three major groups: field application studies, laboratory studies on rooftop greening, and laboratory studies on vertical greening. Through this analysis, key limitations were identified, including low colony maintenance, potential risks of biodeterioration, lack of standardized moss-specific guidelines, and limited ecological contribution. In response, this review proposes considerations for large-scale, long-term field studies across diverse climatic regions and introduces new rooftop and vertical greening models designed to enhance feasibility and maintenance. By integrating insights on interspecies interactions, long-term impacts on building materials, and the need for moss-specific implementation guidelines, the proposed strategies aim to support the advancement and broader application of moss-based building greening systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}