Assessment and remediation model of eco-geo-environmental conditions in arid limestone mining areas

This study addresses the complexity and regional challenges of eco-geo-environmental assessment and remediation in arid limestone mining areas by proposing an innovative modular model that integrates the three-scale analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy mathematics, variable weight theory, literature review, and expert consultation. The model achieves precise classification of mining eco-geo-environmental quality through dynamic weight adjustment and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and designs corresponding remediation strategies based on assessment results. We have innovatively established a multi-level evaluation system comprising three primary indicators (mining ecological environment, geological environment, and disaster environment) and 21 sub-indicators, effectively resolving the adaptability limitations of traditional fixed-weight models. By determining initial weights through three-scale analytic hierarchy process and dynamically adjusting them using variable weight theory, the model significantly enhances evaluation accuracy and flexibility. The model's effectiveness was validated through a case study of the Tianjingshan open-pit limestone mining area in Zhongwei City, Ningxia. Results demonstrate high consistency between model assessments and field investigations, and the proposed integrated remediation strategy (“geological hazard elimination + soil reconstruction + vegetation restoration + artificial maintenance”) achieved a vegetation survival rate exceeding 96 %, representing approximately 20 % improvement over traditional soil replacement methods (simple topsoil covering). Through its modular design and hierarchical remediation approach, this model provides a replicable technical pathway for ecological restoration in arid limestone mines and other mining types, demonstrating significant scientific value and practical applicability.