Ecology最新文献_第5页

Demographic rescue falters when pathogens are present 当病原体出现时，人口救援就会动摇。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4495

Catherine L. Searle, Stephanie O. Gutierrez, Ilinca I. Ciubotariu, Alana López-Cruz, Mark R. Christie

{"title":"Demographic rescue falters when pathogens are present","authors":"Catherine L. Searle, Stephanie O. Gutierrez, Ilinca I. Ciubotariu, Alana López-Cruz, Mark R. Christie","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4495","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4495","url":null,"abstract":"As natural populations continue to decline globally, direct forms of intervention are increasingly necessary to prevent extinction. One type of intervention, known as demographic rescue, occurs when individuals are added directly to a population to increase abundance and ultimately prevent population extinction. However, the role of infectious disease in demographic rescue remains unknown. To examine the effects of pathogens on demographic rescue, we used a host–pathogen system with the aquatic crustacean Daphnia dentifera as the host and the fungus Metschnikowia bicuspidata as the pathogen. We constructed a randomized 3 × 2 factorial experiment with three rescue treatments (none, low, high) and two pathogen treatments (unexposed, exposed), where the pathogen was introduced via infected individuals during rescue events. We found that adding more individuals to demographically depressed populations increased abundance over the short term; highly supplemented populations initially had 62% more individuals than populations that had no introduced individuals. However, by the end of the experiment, populations that did not have any individuals introduced averaged 640% higher abundance than populations where infected individuals had been added. Thus, the introduction of infected individuals can result in worse demographic outcomes for populations than if no rescue is attempted.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual variation underlies large-scale patterns: Host conditions and behavior affect parasitism 个体差异是大规模模式的基础：寄主的条件和行为影响寄生。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4478

Allison M. Brehm, Vania R. Assis, Lynn B. Martin, John L. Orrock

{"title":"Individual variation underlies large-scale patterns: Host conditions and behavior affect parasitism","authors":"Allison M. Brehm, Vania R. Assis, Lynn B. Martin, John L. Orrock","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4478","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4478","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the factors that affect host–parasite interactions is essential for understanding the ecology and dynamics of vector-borne diseases and may be an important component of predicting human disease risk. Characteristics of hosts themselves (e.g., body condition, host behavior, immune defenses) may affect the likelihood of parasitism. However, despite highly variable rates of parasitism and infection in wild populations, identifying widespread links between individual characteristics and heterogeneity in parasite acquisition has proven challenging because many zoonoses exist over wide geographic extents and exhibit both spatial and temporal heterogeneity in prevalence and individual and population-level effects. Using seven years of data collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), we examined relationships among individual host condition, behavior, and parasitism by Ixodid ticks in a keystone host species, the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. We found that individual condition, specifically sex, body mass, and reproductive condition, had both direct and indirect effects on parasitism by ticks, but the nature of these effects differed for parasitism by larval versus nymphal ticks. We also found that condition differences influenced rodent behavior, and behavior directly affected the rates of parasitism, with individual mice that moved farther being more likely to carry ticks. This study illustrates how individual-level data can be examined using large-scale datasets to draw inference and uncover broad patterns in host–parasite encounters at unprecedented spatial scales. Our results suggest that intraspecific variation in the movement ecology of hosts may affect host–parasite encounter rates and, ultimately, alter zoonotic disease risk through anthropogenic modifications and natural environmental conditions that alter host space use.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abundance-mediated species interactions 丰度介导的物种相互作用。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4468

Joshua P. Twining, Ben C. Augustine, J. Andrew Royle, Angela K. Fuller

{"title":"Abundance-mediated species interactions","authors":"Joshua P. Twining, Ben C. Augustine, J. Andrew Royle, Angela K. Fuller","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4468","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4468","url":null,"abstract":"Species interactions shape biodiversity patterns, community assemblage, and the dynamics of wildlife populations. Ecological theory posits that the strength of interspecific interactions is fundamentally underpinned by the population sizes of the involved species. Nonetheless, prevalent approaches for modeling species interactions predominantly center around occupancy states. Here, we use simulations to illuminate the inadequacies of modeling species interactions solely as a function of occupancy, as is common practice in ecology. We demonstrate erroneous inference into species interactions due to error in parameter estimates when considering species occupancy alone. To address this critical issue, we propose, develop, and demonstrate an abundance-mediated interaction framework designed explicitly for modeling species interactions involving two or more species from detection/non-detection data. We present Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samplers tailored for diverse ecological scenarios, including intraguild predation, disease- or predator-mediated competition, and trophic cascades. Illustrating the practical implications of our approach, we compare inference from modeling the interactions in a three-species network involving coyotes (Canis latrans), fishers (Pekania pennanti), and American marten (Martes americana) in North America as a function of occupancy states and as a function of abundance. When modeling interactions as a function of abundance rather than occupancy, we uncover previously unidentified interactions. Our study emphasizes that accounting for abundance-mediated interactions rather than simple co-occurrence patterns can fundamentally alter our comprehension of system dynamics. Through an empirical case study and comprehensive simulations, we demonstrate the importance of accounting for abundance when modeling species interactions, and we present a statistical framework equipped with MCMC samplers to achieve this paradigm shift in ecological research.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond pollination: Ants and camel crickets as double mutualists in a non-photosynthetic plant 授粉之外：蚂蚁和骆驼蟋蟀在非光合植物中的双重共生。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4465

Kenji Suetsugu, Hiromu Hashiwaki

引用次数: 0

Drivers of biomass stocks and productivity of tropical secondary forests 热带次生林生物量储量和生产力的驱动因素。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4488

Tomonari Matsuo, Lourens Poorter, Masha T. van der Sande, Salim Mohammed Abdul, Dieudonne Wedaga Koyiba, Justice Opoku, Bas de Wit, Tijs Kuzee, Lucy Amissah

{"title":"Drivers of biomass stocks and productivity of tropical secondary forests","authors":"Tomonari Matsuo, Lourens Poorter, Masha T. van der Sande, Salim Mohammed Abdul, Dieudonne Wedaga Koyiba, Justice Opoku, Bas de Wit, Tijs Kuzee, Lucy Amissah","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4488","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4488","url":null,"abstract":"Young tropical secondary forests play an important role in the local and global carbon cycles because of their large area and rapid biomass accumulation rates. This study examines how environmental conditions and forest attributes shape biomass compartments and the productivity of young tropical secondary forests. We compared 36 young secondary forest stands that differed in the time since agricultural land abandonment (2.3–3.6 years) from dry and wet regions in Ghana. We quantified biomass stocks in living and dead stems, roots, and soil, and aboveground biomass and litter productivity. We used structural equation models to evaluate how macroclimate, soil nutrients (N, P), and forest attributes (structure, diversity, and functional composition) affect ecosystem functioning. After three years of succession, tropical wet forests stored on average 115 t biomass ha−1 (the sum of aboveground living and dead biomass, belowground fine root biomass, and soil organic matter), and dry forests stored 99 t ha−1. These values represent 31% (in the wet forest) and 39% (in the dry forest) of the biomass compared with neighboring old-growth forests. The majority of forest ecosystem biomass was stored in the soil (70%) and aboveground living vegetation (25%). Macroclimate strongly shaped forest attributes, which in turn determined biomass stocks and productivity. Soil phosphorus strongly increased litter production and soil organic matter, confirming that it is a limiting element in tropical ecosystems. Tree density and species diversity increased forest biomass stocks, suggesting crown packing and complementary resource use enhance forest functioning. A more conservative trait composition (high wood density) increased biomass stocks but reduced productivity, indicating that quantity, identity, and quality of species affect ecosystem functioning.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invertebrate herbivores influence seagrass wasting disease dynamics 无脊椎食草动物影响海草耗损病动态。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4493

Olivia J. Graham, Lillian R. Aoki, Colleen A. Burge, C. Drew Harvell

{"title":"Invertebrate herbivores influence seagrass wasting disease dynamics","authors":"Olivia J. Graham, Lillian R. Aoki, Colleen A. Burge, C. Drew Harvell","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4493","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4493","url":null,"abstract":"Although invertebrate herbivores commonly impact terrestrial plant diseases by facilitating transmission of plant pathogens and increasing host susceptibility to infection via wounding, less is known about the role of herbivores in marine plant disease dynamics. Importantly, transmission via herbivores may not be required in the ocean since saline ocean waters support pathogen survival and transmission. Through laboratory experiments with eelgrass (Zostera marina), we showed that isopods (Pentidotea wosnesenskii) and snails (Lacuna spp.) created grazing scars that increased disease severity and thus indirectly facilitated transmission of Labyrinthula zosterae (Lz), a protist that causes seagrass wasting disease. Experiments also quantified different feeding preferences among herbivores: Amphipods (Ampithoe lacertosa) selectively consumed diseased eelgrass, while isopods and snails selectively grazed asymptomatic leaves, suggesting different herbivore taxa may have contrasting impacts on disease dynamics. Our experiments show no sign that herbivores directly vector Lz from diseased to asymptomatic eelgrass. However, we isolated live Lz from isopod, amphipod, and snail feces and detected Lz with quantitative polymerase chain reaction in amphipods and snails, suggesting that herbivores eating diseased eelgrass could pass the live pathogen. Finally, field surveys demonstrated a close association between seagrass wasting disease and invertebrate grazing scars; disease prevalence was 29 ± 4.7% (95% CI) higher on eelgrass leaves with herbivore scars. Collectively, these findings show that some herbivores can increase eelgrass disease risk by facilitating the spread of an important pathogen via wounding, but not via direct transmission. Thus, herbivores may play different roles in plant disease dynamics in terrestrial versus marine ecosystems depending on the pathogen's ability to survive and transmit without a vector.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutrient effects on plant diversity loss arise from nutrient identity and decreasing niche dimension 养分对植物多样性丧失的影响主要来自于养分同一性和生态位维数的降低。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4496

Yang Peng, Jianxia Yang, Eric W. Seabloom, Andrew R. Leitch, Ilia J. Leitch, Ruzhen Wang, Cunzheng Wei, Xingguo Han

{"title":"Nutrient effects on plant diversity loss arise from nutrient identity and decreasing niche dimension","authors":"Yang Peng, Jianxia Yang, Eric W. Seabloom, Andrew R. Leitch, Ilia J. Leitch, Ruzhen Wang, Cunzheng Wei, Xingguo Han","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4496","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4496","url":null,"abstract":"Two hypotheses have been used to explain the loss of plant diversity with nutrient addition. The nutrient identity hypothesis posits that biodiversity loss is due to a specific limiting nutrient, such as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P), while the niche dimension hypothesis posits that adding a larger number of limiting nutrients, regardless of their identity, results in biodiversity loss. These two hypotheses have not previously been tested together simultaneously. Here, we conduct that analysis to enable their relative effect sizes to be compared. We manipulated the supply of eight nutrients in the same experimental meadow grassland site to isolate the effects of the identity of added nutrients versus the number of added nutrients on biodiversity loss. We found support for both hypotheses, with the largest negative effects on biodiversity measures being due to N, or N and P treatment, with additional more minor effects of the number of added nutrients. Structural equation models (SEMs) suggested both identity and number of added nutrients had direct negative effects on biodiversity, likely caused by species' innate ability to competitively respond to nutrients, especially in response to disease, herbivory, and stress. SEMs also suggested indirect effects arising from nutrient-driven increases in aboveground biomass, which resulted in intensified competition for light and the competitive exclusion of short-statured species. These effects were exacerbated by the nutrients N and P which caused a shift in biomass accumulation from belowground to aboveground. The results highlight that a multi-nutrient perspective will improve our ability to effectively manage, monitor, and restore ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ants, camel crickets, and cockroaches as pollinators: The unsung heroes of a non-photosynthetic plant 作为传粉者的蚂蚁、骆驼蟋蟀和蟑螂：非光合植物的无名英雄。

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4464

Kenji Suetsugu, Hiromu Hashiwaki

引用次数: 0

Fish and invertebrate communities show greater day–night partitioning on tropical than temperate reefs 鱼类和无脊椎动物群落在热带珊瑚礁上比温带珊瑚礁表现出更大的昼夜划分

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4477

Tyson R. Jones, Graham J. Edgar, Rowan Trebilco, Camille Mellin, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Lara Denis-Roy, Olivia J. Johnson, Matthew Rose, Scott D. Ling

{"title":"Fish and invertebrate communities show greater day–night partitioning on tropical than temperate reefs","authors":"Tyson R. Jones, Graham J. Edgar, Rowan Trebilco, Camille Mellin, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Lara Denis-Roy, Olivia J. Johnson, Matthew Rose, Scott D. Ling","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4477","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4477","url":null,"abstract":"Diel partitioning of animals within ecological communities is widely acknowledged, yet rarely quantified. Investigation of most ecological patterns and processes involves convenient daylight sampling, with little consideration of the contributions of nocturnal taxa, particularly in marine environments. Here we assess diel partitioning of reef faunal assemblages at a continental scale utilizing paired day and night visual census across 54 shallow tropical and temperate reefs around Australia. Day–night differences were most pronounced in the tropics, with fishes and invertebrates displaying distinct and opposing diel occupancy on coral reefs. Tropical reefs in daytime were occupied primarily by fishes not observed at night (64% of all species sighted across day and night, and 71% of all individuals). By night, substantial emergence of invertebrates not otherwise detected during sunlit hours occurred (56% of all species, and 45% of individuals). Nocturnal emergence of tropical invertebrates corresponded with significant declines in the richness and biomass of predatory and herbivorous diurnal fishes. In contrast, relatively small diel changes in fishes active on temperate reefs corresponded to limited nocturnal emergence of temperate invertebrates. This reduced partitioning may, at least in part, be a result of strong top-down pressures from fishes on invertebrate communities, either by predation or competitive interference. For shallow reefs, the diel cycle triggers distinct emergence and retreat of faunal assemblages and associated trophic patterns and processes, which otherwise go unnoticed during hours of regular scientific monitoring. Improved understanding of reef ecology, and management of reef ecosystems, requires greater consideration of nocturnal interactions. Without explicit sampling of nocturnal patterns and processes, we may be missing up to half of the story when assessing ecological interactions.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From seedlings to adults: Linking survival and leaf functional traits over ontogeny 从幼苗到成虫：个体发育中生存与叶片功能性状的联系

IF 4.4 2区环境科学与生态学

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4469

María Natalia Umaña, Jessica Needham, Claire Fortunel

{"title":"From seedlings to adults: Linking survival and leaf functional traits over ontogeny","authors":"María Natalia Umaña, Jessica Needham, Claire Fortunel","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4469","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4469","url":null,"abstract":"As long-lived tropical trees grow into the multi-layered canopy and face different environmental conditions, the relationships between leaf traits and whole-plant survival can vary over ontogeny. We tested the strength and direction of the relationships between leaf traits and long-term survival data across life stages for woody species from a subtropical forest in Puerto Rico. Trait–survival relationships were largely consistent across ontogeny with conservative traits leading to higher survival rates. The stage-specific relationship R2 increased by up to one order of magnitude compared to studies not considering ontogenetic trait variations. Stage-specific traits were significant predictors of their corresponding stage-specific survival: Seedlings traits were better predictors of seedling survival than adult traits, and adult traits were better predictors of maximum adult survival than seedling traits. Our results suggest that stage-specific leaf traits reflect different strategies over ontogeny and can substantially improve predictability of survival models in tropical forests.","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0