Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Birds documenting the Anthropocene: Stratigraphy of plastic in urban bird nests","authors":"Auke-Florian Hiemstra, Barbara Gravendeel, Menno Schilthuizen","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The amount of plastics produced annually continues to grow. Of all the plastics ever produced, 79% is still with us, as they remain in landfills or in the natural environment (Geyer et al., <span>2017</span>). The disruption driven by our collective human activities on Earth may result in a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene (Crutzen & Stoermer, <span>2021</span>). This contemporary period in the geological history of planet Earth is defined by the impact humans have on our natural world and is already a firmly established term in environmental sciences. Plastic may be used as a global marker for the Anthropocene, which allows plastic items to be used as “index fossils” to date with accuracy sediment layers within the Anthropocene epoch (Corcoran et al., <span>2017</span>), especially using the expiration date printed or stamped on food packaging or perishable products in general as a back-dating tool (Cau et al., <span>2019</span>; Hoffmann & Reicherter, <span>2014</span>). Single-use plastic food and drink packages now dominate plastic production (Geyer et al., <span>2017</span>; Williams & Rangel-Buitrago, <span>2022</span>) and consequently are the categories of litter most often encountered in Dutch freshwater systems (Boonstra & de Winter, <span>2019</span>, p. 19). As these types of packaging are so widely present as litter, the material has also been adopted by birds to build their nests. Building with artificial materials is widespread (Jagiello et al., <span>2023</span>), and a broad range of items may become part of a bird nest, even materials that are meant to deter birds (Hiemstra et al., <span>2023a</span>). Food and drink packages have been documented as nest material in a wide variety of birds (Appendix S1: Section S1), one of which is the common coot (<i>Fulica atra</i>; Hiemstra, Gravendeel, et al., <span>2021</span>). An urban population of the latter species in Leiden, The Netherlands, proved to be one of the first bird populations for which <i>all</i> nests contained plastic (Hiemstra, Gravendeel, et al., <span>2021</span>). The common coot is a wetland bird that in The Netherlands originally built its nests of plant materials which rapidly decay, so coots normally construct a new nest every year (Gadsby, <span>1978</span>; Jedlikowski & Polak, <span>2019</span>). However, as plastics and other artificial, more durable materials are used for nest construction, new behavior, namely, the reuse of nests from previous years, may appear. This, in turn, may create a history of multiple years of nest use, reuse, and reconstruction to be studied using the stratigraphy of dateable plastic debris in the nest.</p><p>To document such a history of reuse, we collected common coot (<i>F. atra</i>) nests in the city center of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on 22 September 2021 (after the end of the breeding season, when all nests were abandoned). Before collecting, each nest was checked for the presence of nidicoles l","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpine birds in a sky island: Resource subsidies from foothill areas","authors":"Daichi Iijima,&nbsp;Masashi Murakami","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Material fluxes between ecosystems subsidize consumers in recipient ecosystems. While alpine zones are generally regarded as isolated, arthropods from lower elevations may be deposited on the snow surface in alpine zones by flight or wind. This arthropod fallout should be essential food resources for alpine consumers that are forced to deal with scarce food in environments. In this study, the source location of arthropods that fell onto the alpine snowpack was examined using data of their host plants. Furthermore, seasonal changes in the arthropod diets of two insectivorous and one primarily herbivorous alpine bird species were evaluated by fecal DNA metabarcoding with correction of PCR amplification bias among arthropod taxa using DNA mock assemblages of arthropods. We present quantitative evidence that winged aphids originating from the subalpine and montane zones are abundant on the snowpack. These subsidized aphids accounted for approximately 40% of the arthropod portion of the diet, and 6%–40% of the overall diet, of these birds during their early breeding seasons. Our findings indicate that material fluxes from foothill areas contribute to the maintenance of biotic communities in alpine ecosystems during less productive seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing for species distribution models: An illustration from a sentinel taxon of the world's driest ecosystem","authors":"Khum B. Thapa-Magar,&nbsp;Eric R. Sokol,&nbsp;Michael N. Gooseff,&nbsp;Mark R. Salvatore,&nbsp;John E. Barrett,&nbsp;Joseph S. Levy,&nbsp;Paul Knightly,&nbsp;Sarah N. Power","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In situ observed data are commonly used as species occurrence response variables in species distribution models. However, the use of remotely observed data from high-resolution multispectral remote-sensing images as a source of presence/absence data for species distribution models remains under-developed. Here, we describe an ensemble species distribution model of black microbial mats (<i>Nostoc</i> spp.) using presence/absence points derived from the unmixing of 4-m resolution WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 images in the Lake Fryxell basin region of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Environmental and topographical characteristics such as soil moisture, snow, elevation, slope, and aspect were used as predictor variables in our models. We demonstrate that we can build and run ensemble species distribution models using both dependent and independent variables derived from remote-sensing data to generate spatially explicit habitat suitability maps. Snow and soil moisture were found to be the most important variables accounting for about 80% of the variation in the distribution of black mats throughout the Fryxell basin. This study highlights the potential contribution of high-resolution remote-sensing to species distribution modeling and informs new studies incorporating remotely derived species occurrences in species distribution models, especially in remote areas where access to in situ data is often limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in adult survival drive divergent demographic responses to warming on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Hai-Tao Miao,&nbsp;Roberto Salguero-Gómez,&nbsp;Katriona Shea,&nbsp;Joseph A. Keller,&nbsp;Zhenhua Zhang,&nbsp;Jin-Sheng He,&nbsp;Shou-Li Li","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4533","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A central question in biodiversity conservation is whether species will maintain viable populations under climate warming. Assessing species viability under climate warming requires demographic studies integrating vital rate responses to long-term warming throughout species' life cycles. However, studies of this nature are rare. Our integral projection models (IPMs), parameterized with demographic data, show differing responses of two functionally similar co-occurring species, <i>Elymus nutans</i> Griseb. and <i>Helictotrichon tibeticum</i> (Roshev.) Holub, to 10 years of in situ active warming by 2°C. Our IPMs estimated that the life expectancy is higher in <i>H. tibeticum</i> (6.7 years) than that in <i>E. nutans</i> (4.5 years) under ambient conditions, and the difference is larger under warmed conditions. We found that while warming decreased individual-level growth in both species, <i>H. tibeticum</i>, which has a longer life expectancy, compensated with increased survival, and thereby increased projected population-level growth under warming. Contrastingly, <i>E. nutans</i>, which has a shorter life expectancy, is projected to have decreased population-level performance. Furthermore, our elasticity analyses show that survival is the most important vital rate for population viability in both species under both ambient and warmed conditions. Moreover, our retrospective life table response experiment (LTRE) analysis reveals that the contrasting fates of the two species under warming mainly arise from the different responses of adult survival, which is significantly promoted in <i>H. tibeticum</i> but slightly reduced in <i>E. nutans</i>. Individual shrinkage occurred 1.6 fold more frequently under warming than ambient conditions for both species and made considerable negative contributions to their population growth rates in warmed plots. However, such negative effects are offset in <i>H. tibeticum</i> (but not <i>E. nutans</i>) by the positive contribution to population growth rate of the associated increased survival. Our results illustrate that the responses to climate warming may vary considerably between similar co-occurring species, and species with a demographically compensatory strategy may avoid population collapse. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the potential of using life-history traits to predict species' viability when facing warming, so as to inform biodiversity conservation under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kelp forests as nursery and foundational habitat for reef fishes","authors":"Alejandro Pérez-Matus,&nbsp;Fiorenza Micheli,&nbsp;Brenda Konar,&nbsp;Nick Shears,&nbsp;Natalie H. N. Low,&nbsp;Daniel K. Okamoto,&nbsp;Thomas Wernberg,&nbsp;Kira A. Krumhansl,&nbsp;Scott D. Ling,&nbsp;Michael Kingsford,&nbsp;Teresa Navarrete-Fernandez,&nbsp;Catalina S. Ruz,&nbsp;Jarrett E. K. Byrnes","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation of marine biodiversity requires an understanding of the habitats needed to support and replenish species of interest. It also requires knowledge about the abundance and diversity of multispecies assemblages. Variation in the distribution and composition of kelp forests, one of the most productive marine coastal habitats globally, can have major influences on reef fishes—a group of ecologically and socioeconomically important species. In the face of widespread and escalating loss of kelp forests, quantification of these effects is urgently needed to assess and project cascading impacts on biodiversity. Here, we evaluate relationships between kelp forests and associated reef fish populations using a global meta-analysis of experimental kelp removals and comparative surveys of kelp and adjacent non-kelp habitats. These analyses show that kelp forests increase the abundance of reef fishes, though the significance of this effect varied depending on the structural complexity of kelp forests. In experimental studies, kelp forests have a significant positive effect on fish species richness, revealing that kelp act as true foundation species by supporting the diversity of associated multispecies assemblages. Importantly, regardless of kelp forest morphology and type of study (observational or experimental studies), kelp forests enhance the recruitment of early life history stages suggesting they are nursery habitats for many reef fish taxa. Lastly, kelp forests differentially affected species with different functional traits; small body size fishes from low trophic levels (e.g., herbivore and detritivores, micropredators, and mesopredators) and large body size fish from higher trophic level (e.g., piscivores, general carnivores) were both facilitated by kelp forests. Taken together, these results indicate that the loss of kelp forest, particularly those with more complex morphology, can reduce total abundance and diversity of fish, with possible cascading consequences for coastal ecosystem function.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic home range capture–recapture models for the estimation of population density and landscape connectivity","authors":"Keita Fukasawa,&nbsp;Daishi Higashide","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatial capture–recapture models (SCRs) provide an integrative statistical tool for analyzing animal movement and population patterns. Although incorporating home range formation with a theoretical basis of animal movement into SCRs can improve the prediction of animal space use in a heterogeneous landscape, this approach is challenging owing to the sparseness of recapture events. In this study, we developed an advection–diffusion capture–recapture model (ADCR), which is an extension of SCRs incorporating home range formation with advection–diffusion formalism, providing a new framework to estimate population density and landscape permeability. we tested the unbiasedness of the estimator using simulated capture–recapture data generated by a step selection function. We also compared the accuracy of population density estimates and home range shapes with those from SCR incorporating the least-cost path and basic SCR. In addition, ADCR was applied to a real dataset of Asiatic black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) in Japan to demonstrate the capacity of the ADCR to detect geographical barriers that constrain animal movements. Population density and permeability of ADCR were substantially unbiased for simulated datasets. ADCR could detect environmental signals on connectivity more sensitively and could estimate population density, home range shapes, and size variations better than the existing models. For the application to the bear dataset, ADCR could detect the effect of water bodies as a barrier to movement, which is consistent with previous studies, whereas estimates by SCR with the least-cost path were difficult to interpret. ADCR provides unique opportunities to elucidate both individual- and population-level ecological processes from capture–recapture data. By offering a formal link with step selection functions to estimate animal movement, it is suitable for simultaneously modeling capture–recapture data and animal movement data. This study provides a basis for studies of the interplay between animal movement processes and population patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking stereotypes in sexual selection: The female frogs' subtle seduction","authors":"Lucas Ferrante","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional trait analysis reveals the hidden stability of multitrophic communities","authors":"Mallarie E. Yeager,&nbsp;A. Randall Hughes","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although important for understanding how ecosystems will fare with increasing global change, the relationship between diversity and stability in multitrophic communities is still debated. Our best understanding comes from work within competitive guilds, where the relationship between stability and functional diversity is generally positive and also more direct and mechanistic than the relationship with species diversity. To expand our understanding, there is a need to examine empirically how functional trait identity relates to spatial and temporal stability within multitrophic communities relative to species identity. Here, we measured 13 functional traits of six coastal pond fish communities to examine temporal and spatial community stability through the lenses of functional trait diversity and species diversity. We found that solely considering species composition may underestimate stability. Additionally, we found spatial convergence and temporal divergence in species and trait variability, and we link this variation to processes of deterministic community assembly. Lastly, we found that correlations of species with key functional traits allow us to make inferences about how the trophic position of species relates to trait stability. Inferring community processes and making conservation decisions from species or trophic groups based on functional trait knowledge may be a viable strategy when resources are limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating remote sensing and field inventories to understand determinants of urban forest diversity and structure","authors":"Vinicius Marcilio-Silva,&nbsp;Sally Donovan,&nbsp;Sarah E. Hobbie,&nbsp;J. Antonio Guzmán Q.,&nbsp;Joseph F. Knight,&nbsp;Jeannine Cavender-Bares","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the determinants of urban forest diversity and structure is important for preserving biodiversity and sustaining ecosystem services in cities. However, comprehensive field assessments are resource-intensive, and landscape-level approaches may overlook heterogeneity within urban regions. To address this challenge, we combined remote sensing with field inventories to comprehensively map and analyze urban forest attributes in forest patches across the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area (MSPMA) in a multistep process. First, we developed predictive machine learning models of forest attributes by integrating data from forest inventories (from 40 12.5-m-radius plots) with Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) observations and Sentinel-2-derived land surface phenology (LSP). These models enabled accurate predictions of forest attributes, specifically nine metrics of plant diversity (tree species richness, tree abundance, and understory plant abundance), structure (average canopy height, dbh, and canopy density), and structural complexity (variability in canopy height, dbh, and canopy density) with relative errors ranging between 11% and 21%. Second, we applied these machine learning models to predict diversity metrics for 804 additional plots from GEDI and Sentinel-2. Finally, we applied Bayesian multilevel models to the predicted diversity metrics to assess the influence of multiple factors—patch dimensions, landscape attributes, plot position, and jurisdictional agency—on these forest attributes across the 804 predicted plots. The models showed all predictors have some degree of effect on forest attributes, presenting varying explanatory power with <i>R</i>² values ranging from 0.071 to 0.405. Overall, plot characteristics (e.g., distance to nearest trail, proximity to forest edge) and jurisdictional agency explained a large portion of the variability across patches, whereas patch and landscape characteristics did not. The relative effect of plot versus management sets of predictors on the marginal Δ<i>R</i>² was heterogeneous across metrics and ecological subsections (an ecological classification designation). The multiplicity of determinants influencing urban forests emphasizes the intricate nature of urban ecosystems and highlights nuanced, heterogeneous relationships between urban ecological and anthropogenic factors that determine forest properties. Effectively enhancing biodiversity in urban forests requires assessments, management, and conservation strategies tailored for context-specific characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of coinvading species with mutualism and competition","authors":"Naven Narayanan,&nbsp;Peter Lutz,&nbsp;Allison K. Shaw","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All interactions between multiple species invading together (coinvasion) must be accounted for to predict species coexistence patterns across space. Mutualisms, particularly, are known to influence species' population dynamics and their invasive ability (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi with partner plants). Yet, while modeling coinvasion, their role in mediating coexistence is overlooked. Here, we build a spatially explicit model of coinvasion of two competing plant species with a shared fungal mutualist to study how mutualism and competition interact to shape the local and regional coexistence of competitors. We observe four main results. First, mutualist presence generates regional coexistence between competitors even when local coexistence between them is impossible. Second, increasing partner mutualist dispersal leads to abrupt changes in competitor coexistence outcomes. Third, differences in mutualist partner dependence and competitive ability interact to produce a variety of local and regional coexistence outcomes. Fourth, asymmetry in the dispersal ability arising from dependence-dispersal trade-offs leads to greater exclusion of species less dependent on mutualist partners for growth. In toto, incorporating mutualism-specific trait trade-offs and dispersal asymmetries into coinvasion models offers new insights into regional coexistence and invasive species distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}