Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Temperature dependence of leaf breakdown in streams differs between organismal groups and leaf species","authors":"Carolyn S. Cummins,&nbsp;Amy D. Rosemond,&nbsp;Nathan J. Tomczyk,&nbsp;Seth J. Wenger,&nbsp;Phillip M. Bumpers,&nbsp;Vladislav Gulis,&nbsp;Ashley M. Helton,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Benstead","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4405","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increased temperatures are altering rates of organic matter (OM) breakdown in stream ecosystems with implications for carbon (C) cycling in the face of global change. The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) provides a framework for predicting temperature effects on OM breakdown, but differences in the temperature dependence of breakdown driven by different organismal groups (i.e., microorganisms vs. invertebrate detritivores) and litter species remain unresolved. Over two years, we conducted 12 60-day leaf litterbag incubations in 20 headwater streams in the southern Appalachian Mountains (USA). We compared temperature dependence (as activation energy, <i>E</i>_a) between microbial and detritivore-mediated breakdown, and between a highly recalcitrant (<i>Rhododendron maximum</i>) and a relatively labile (<i>Acer rubrum</i>) leaf species. Detritivore-mediated breakdown had a higher <i>E</i>_a than microbial breakdown for both leaf species (<i>Rhododendron</i>: 1.48 &gt; 0.56 eV; <i>Acer</i>: 0.97 &gt; 0.29 eV), and <i>Rhododendron</i> breakdown had a higher <i>E</i>_a than <i>Acer</i> breakdown for both organismal groups. Similarly, the <i>E</i>_a of total (coarse-mesh) <i>Rhododendron</i> breakdown was higher than the <i>E</i>_a of total <i>Acer</i> breakdown (0.89 &gt; 0.52 eV). These effects for total breakdown were large, implying that the number of days to 95% mass loss would decline by 40% for <i>Rhododendron</i> and 26% for <i>Acer</i> between 12°C (our mean temperature value) and 16°C (+4°C, reflecting projected increases in global surface temperature due to climate change). Despite patterns in <i>E</i>_a, overall breakdown rates were higher for microbes than detritivores, and for <i>Acer</i> than <i>Rhododendron</i> over most of our temperature gradient. Additionally, the <i>E</i>_a for a subset of the microbial breakdown data declined from 0.40 to 0.22 eV when fungal biomass was included as a model predictor, highlighting the key role of fungi in determining the temperature dependence of litter breakdown. Our results imply that, as streams warm, routing of leaf litter C to detritivore-mediated fates will increase faster than predicted by previous studies and MTE, especially for labile litter. As temperatures rise, earlier depletion of autumn-shed, labile leaf litter combined with rapid breakdown rates of recalcitrant litter could exacerbate seasonal resource limitation and alter carbon storage and transport dynamics in temperate headwater stream networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing food web theory in a large lake: The role of body size in habitat coupling in Lake Michigan","authors":"Bryan M. Maitland,&nbsp;Harvey A. Bootsma,&nbsp;Charles R. Bronte,&nbsp;David B. Bunnell,&nbsp;Zachary S. Feiner,&nbsp;Kari H. Fenske,&nbsp;William W. Fetzer,&nbsp;Carolyn J. Foley,&nbsp;Brandon S. Gerig,&nbsp;Austin Happel,&nbsp;Tomas O. Höök,&nbsp;Friedrich W. Keppeler,&nbsp;Matthew S. Kornis,&nbsp;Ryan F. Lepak,&nbsp;A. Scott McNaught,&nbsp;Brian M. Roth,&nbsp;Benjamin A. Turschak,&nbsp;Joel C. Hoffman,&nbsp;Olaf P. Jensen","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4413","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The landscape theory of food web architecture (LTFWA) describes relationships among body size, trophic position, mobility, and energy channels that serve to couple heterogenous habitats, which in turn promotes long-term system stability. However, empirical tests of the LTFWA are rare and support differs among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems. Further, it is unclear whether the theory applies in highly altered ecosystems dominated by introduced species such as the Laurentian Great Lakes. Here, we provide an empirical test of the LTFWA by relating body size, trophic position, and the coupling of different energy channels using stable isotope data from species throughout the Lake Michigan food web. We found that body size was positively related to trophic position, but for a given trophic position, organisms predominately supported by pelagic energy had smaller body sizes than organisms predominately supported by nearshore benthic energy. We also found a hump-shaped trophic relationship in the food web where there is a gradual increase in the coupling of pelagic and nearshore energy channels with larger body sizes as well as higher trophic positions. This highlights the important role of body size and connectivity among habitats in structuring food webs. However, important deviations from expectations are suggestive of how species introductions and other anthropogenic impacts can affect food web structure in large lakes. First, native top predators appear to be flexible couplers that may provide food web resilience, whereas introduced top predators may confer less stability when they specialize on a single energy pathway. Second, some smaller bodied prey fish and invertebrates, in addition to mobile predators, coupled energy from pelagic and nearshore energy channels, which suggests that some prey species may also be important integrators of energy pathways in the system. We conclude that patterns predicted by the LTFWA are present in the face of species introductions and other anthropogenic stressors to a degree, but time-series evaluations are needed to fully understand the mechanisms that promote stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American mistletoes: A dataset of Phoradendron species and their hosts across their distribution range","authors":"Eurídice Tinoco-Domínguez,&nbsp;M. Socorro González-Elizondo,&nbsp;Andrés Lira-Noriega","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4394","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parasite–host systems are a good study model for answering ecological and evolutionary questions. In this regard, mistletoes have been increasingly studied in recent decades in both temperate and tropical zones. The genus <i>Phoradendron</i> is a group of American mistletoes that has been studied from different evolutionary and ecological approaches as a model of parasite–host systems. Currently, however, no systematic compilation of the plant species parasitized by these mistletoes is available. To address this issue, we conducted a thorough search and compilation of interactions between mistletoe species of the genus <i>Phoradendron</i> and their hosts. This involved consulting multiple sources, including monographs, digitized herbaria material, and scientific publications. Additionally, we incorporated information regarding the presence records of <i>Phoradendron</i> from the most authoritative databases at the national, continental, and global levels. This process yielded a comprehensive dataset consisting of two independent tables, offering information on the interactions and occurrences of <i>Phoradendron</i> throughout its distribution range in the Americas. The dataset includes the interactions between 159 mistletoe species and 118 hosts at the family level, 379 hosts at the genus level, and 544 hosts at the species level, totaling 2929 interactions between species of the genus <i>Phoradendron</i> and their hosts. This data paper represents an updated compilation of a genus of parasitic plants, with the purpose of making this database of interactions accessible for researchers to address questions at multiple scales and from disciplines as varied as biogeography, ecology, evolution, and epidemiology. We plan to use and expand this database with subsequent studies from the authors. There are no copyright restrictions on the dataset; please cite this data paper when using data from this publication. We also encourage you to contact the authors if you are interested in contributing to this database.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the landscape of fear: Fruit flies exhibit distinct antipredator and antiparasite defensive behaviors","authors":"Colin D. MacLeod,&nbsp;Lien T. Luong","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4397","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most organisms are at risk of being consumed by a predator or getting infected by a parasite at some point in their life. Theoretical constructs such as the landscape of fear (perception of risk) and nonconsumptive effects (NCEs, costly responses <i>sans</i> predation or infection) have been proposed to describe and quantify antipredator and antiparasite responses. How prey/host species identify and respond to these risks determines their survival, reproductive success and, ultimately, fitness. Most studies to date have focused on either predator–prey or parasite–host interactions, yet habitats and ecosystems contain both parasitic and/or predatory species that represent a complex and heterogenous mosaic of risk factors. Here, we experimentally investigated the behavioral responses of a cactophilic fruit fly, <i>Drosophila nigrospiracula</i>, exposed to a range of species that include parasites (ectoparasitic mite), predators (jumping spiders), as well as harmless heterospecifics (nonparasitic mites, ants, and weevils). We demonstrate that <i>D. nigrospiracula</i> can differentiate between threat and non-threat species, increase erratic movements and decrease velocity in the presence of parasites, but decrease erratic movements and time spent grooming in the presence of predators. Of particular importance, flies could distinguish between parasitic female mites and nonparasitic male mites of the same species, and respond accordingly. We also show that the direction of these NCEs differs when exposed to parasitic mites (i.e., risk of infection) versus spiders (i.e., risk of predation). Given the opposing effects of predation versus infection risk on fly behavior, we discuss potential trade-offs between parasite and predator avoidance behaviors. Our findings illustrate the complexity of risk assessment in a landscape of fear and the fine-tuned NCEs that arise in response. Moreover, this study is the first to examine these behavioral NCEs in a terrestrial system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk versus reward: Burmese python mothers select precarious oviposition sites","authors":"Samantha N. Smith,&nbsp;Joli Stavish,&nbsp;Shannon Glosenger-Thrasher,&nbsp;George Gale,&nbsp;Surachit Waengsothorn","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4411","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142116429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive plant species support each other's growth in low-nutrient conditions but compete when nutrients are abundant","authors":"Ayub M. O. Oduor,&nbsp;Han Yu,&nbsp;Yanjie Liu","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4401","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Globally, numerous ecosystems have been co-invaded by multiple exotic plant species that can have competitive or facilitative interactions with each other and with native plants. Invaded ecosystems often exhibit spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and nutrient levels, with some habitats having more nutrient-rich and moist soils than others. The stress-gradient hypothesis predicts that plants are likely to engage in facilitative interactions when growing in stressful environments, such as nutrient-deficient or water-deficient soils. In contrast, when resources are abundant, competitive interactions between plants should prevail. The invasional meltdown hypothesis proposes that facilitative interactions between invasive species can enhance their establishment and amplify their ecological impact. Considering both hypotheses can offer insights into the complex interactions among invasive and native plants across environmental gradients. However, experimental tests of the effects of soil moisture and nutrient co-limitation on interactions between invasive and native plants at both interspecific and intraspecific levels in light of these hypotheses are lacking. We performed a greenhouse pot experiment in which we cultivated individual focal plants from five congeneric pairs of invasive and native species. Each focal plant was subjected to one of three levels of plant–plant interactions: (1) intraspecific, in which the focal plant was grown with another individual of the same species; (2) interspecific, involving a native and an invasive plant; and (3) interspecific, involving two native or invasive individuals. These plant–plant interaction treatments were fully crossed with two levels of water availability (drought vs. well-watered) and two levels of nutrient supply (low vs. high). Consistent with the stress-gradient and invasional meltdown hypotheses, our findings show that under low-nutrient conditions, the biomass production of invasive focal plants was facilitated by invasive interspecific neighbors. However, under high-nutrient conditions, the biomass production of invasive focal plants was suppressed by invasive interspecific neighbors. When competing with native interspecific neighbors, high-nutrient conditions similarly enhanced the biomass production of both invasive and native focal plants. Invasive and native focal plants were neither competitively suppressed nor facilitated by conspecific neighbors. Taken together, these results suggest that co-occurring invasive exotic plant species may facilitate each other in low-nutrient habitats but compete in high-nutrient habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142116428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of argonauts with gelatinous plankton and other substrates","authors":"Roger Villanueva,&nbsp;Fernando Ángel Fernández-Álvarez,&nbsp;Josep-Maria Gili","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4410","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4410","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;With the growing development of recreational blackwater nocturnal diving around the world, a large number of images are shared by recreational divers on social media. These images provide a wealth of novel behavioral information of pelagic organisms rarely seen in their natural oceanic environment by scientific researchers. Here, we quantified for the first time the association between argonauts and other pelagic organisms, vegetal debris, and plastic waste they use as a substrate to move in the ocean, showing the usefulness of recreational diving and citizen science to increase scientific knowledge about oceanic organisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the oceanic pelagic realm, many organisms live and interact during the diel vertical migration, which refers to a daily pattern of movement exhibited by many organisms, including planktonic species. During this migration, organisms move up toward the surface waters during the nighttime and return to deeper waters during the daytime, which represents the largest animal migration on Earth (Behrenfeld et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). The pelagic community involved in diel vertical migration includes larval fishes, crustaceans (such as copepods and krill), gelatinous plankton (like jellyfish and salps), cephalopods (like squids and octopods), and other invertebrates. Blackwater diving uses a series of underwater lights from a boat to attract these oceanic plankton during the nighttime (Bartick, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Hegde et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Milisen, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Milisen et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Nonaka et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Pastana et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), and is usually performed from 5 to 30 m depth over bottom depths of 50–800 m (or more).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Among the most charismatic pelagic organisms seen by blackwater photographers are the argonauts or “paper nautilus,” a group of four species of octopods that spend their entire life cycle in the epipelagic zone (0–200 m depth) in subtropical and tropical waters of all oceans (Finn, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). A few opportunistic observations have showed argonauts associated with gelatinous plankton (Banas et al., &lt;span&gt;1982&lt;/span&gt;; Nesis, &lt;span&gt;1977&lt;/span&gt;) or preying upon them (Heeger et al., &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;). This association is difficult to prove using classical net-collected samples obtained during oceanographic cruises, as turbulence generated by the fishing net separates the animals or artificially entrains small animals within larger body cavities, and direct observations and sampling at sea have always been opportunistic (Rosa &amp; Seibel, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). Direct observations with scuba have provided valuable information difficult to obtain by classical net samplings that has even changed concepts and knowledge about pelagic life and the relationships among organisms (Madin et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). This is particularly relevant for gelatinous plankton, which are undervalued by net sampling, making it very difficul","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142116430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct latitudinal patterns of shifting spring phenology across the Appalachian Trail Corridor","authors":"Jordon C. Tourville,&nbsp;Georgia L. D. Murray,&nbsp;Sarah J. Nelson","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Warming associated with climate change will advance the onset of spring phenology for many forest plants across the Eastern United States. Understory forbs and spring ephemerals that fix a disproportionate amount of carbon during early spring may be negatively affected by earlier canopy closure; however, information on the spatial patterns of phenological change for these communities is still lacking. To assess the potential for changes in spring phenological windows, we synthesized observations from the Appalachian Mountain Club's (AMCs) Mountain Watch (MW) project, the National Phenology Network (NPN), and AMC's iNaturalist projects between 2004 and 2022 (<i>n</i> = 118,250) across the length of the Appalachian Trail (AT) Corridor (34° N–46° N latitude). We used hierarchical Bayesian modeling to examine the sensitivity of spring flowering and leaf-out for 11 understory species and 14 canopy tree species to mean spring temperature (April–June). We conducted analyses across the AT Corridor, partitioned by regions of 4° latitude (south, mid-Atlantic, and north). Spring phenologies for both understory plants and canopy trees advanced with warming (~6 and ~3 days/°C, respectively). However, the sensitivity of each group varied by latitude, with the phenology of trees and understory plants advancing to a greater degree in the mid-Atlantic region (~10 days/°C) than in the southern or northern regions (~5 days/°C). While we find evidence that phenological windows remain stable in the southern and mid-Atlantic portions of the AT, we observed an expansion of the spring phenological window in the north where there was greater understory forb temperature sensitivity compared with trees (~2.7 days/°C). Our analyses indicate the differential sensitivity of forest plant phenology to potential warming across a large latitudinal gradient in the Eastern United States. Further, evidence for a temperature-driven expansion of the spring phenological window suggests a potential beneficial effect for understory plants in the northern AT, although phenological mismatch with potential pollinators and increased vulnerability to late winter frosts are possible. Using extensive citizen-science datasets allows us to synthesize regional- and continental-scale data to explore spatial and temporal trends in spring phenology related to warming. Such data can help to standardize approaches in phenological research and its application to forest climate resiliency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dear enemy effects in the stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride","authors":"Joshua C. Manning,&nbsp;Sophie J. McCoy","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4407","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of nearshore oceanography to temporal variation in larval dispersal","authors":"Katrina A. Catalano,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Drenkard,&nbsp;Enrique N. Curchitser,&nbsp;Allison G. Dedrick,&nbsp;Michelle R. Stuart,&nbsp;Humberto R. Montes Jr.,&nbsp;Malin L. Pinsky","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4412","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patterns of population connectivity shape ecological and evolutionary phenomena from population persistence to local adaptation and can inform conservation strategy. Connectivity patterns emerge from the interaction of individual behavior with a complex and heterogeneous environment. Despite ample observation that dispersal patterns vary through time, the extent to which variation in the physical environment can explain emergent connectivity variation is not clear. Empirical studies of its contribution promise to illuminate a potential source of variability that shapes the dynamics of natural populations. We leveraged simultaneous direct dispersal observations and oceanographic transport simulations of the clownfish <i>Amphiprion clarkii</i> in the Camotes Sea, Philippines, to assess the contribution of oceanographic variability to emergent variation in connectivity. We found that time-varying oceanographic simulations on both annual and monsoonal timescales partly explained the observed dispersal patterns, suggesting that temporal variation in oceanographic transport shapes connectivity variation on these timescales. However, interannual variation in observed mean dispersal distance was nearly 10 times the expected variation from biophysical simulations, revealing that additional biotic and abiotic factors contribute to interannual connectivity variation. Simulated dispersal kernels also predicted a smaller scale of dispersal than the observations, supporting the hypothesis that undocumented abiotic factors and behaviors such as swimming and navigation enhance the probability of successful dispersal away from, as opposed to retention near, natal sites. Our findings highlight the potential for coincident observations and biophysical simulations to test dispersal hypotheses and the influence of temporal variability on metapopulation persistence, local adaptation, and other population processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}