Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Time since fire interacts with herbivore intake rates to control herbivore habitat occupancy","authors":"Jason E. Donaldson,&nbsp;T. Michael Anderson,&nbsp;Norbert Munuo,&nbsp;Ricardo M. Holdo","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4473","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4473","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smaller grazers consistently show greater preference for recently burned patches than larger species. Energy optimization theory posits that this pattern is driven by small- versus large-bodied herbivores seeking to maximize energy intake by choosing high-quality recently burned grasses, or high-quantity unburned grasses, respectively. We propose that if burn preference is driven by an energy-maximization mechanism, then preference should change over time as grass regrows and progresses across the optimal feeding heights of herbivores of increasing body size. To test this, we used a camera trap array in the Serengeti National Park to quantify changes in the relative preference for burned patches of seven ruminant herbivore species. We compared observed patterns to simulation results from a grass production-herbivore patch selection model. Burn preference and herbivore body size scaled negatively for 6 months after fire, but this relationship disappeared after 7 months when smaller species stopped selecting burns, and larger herbivores selected burns after 10 months, in a reversal of classic grazer succession. Simulations recreated the former but not the latter relationship, suggesting that an energy-maximization mechanism can drive allometric scaling of burn preference immediately after fire, but over longer periods, grazer-driven feedbacks are required to explain large herbivore burn preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endangered Black-faced Spoonbills alter migration across the Yellow Sea due to offshore wind farms","authors":"Yi-Chien Lai,&nbsp;Chi-Yeung Choi,&nbsp;Kisup Lee,&nbsp;In-Ki Kwon,&nbsp;Chia-Hsiang Lin,&nbsp;Luke Gibson,&nbsp;Wei-Yea Chen","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4485","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4485","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The Black-faced Spoonbill (&lt;i&gt;Platalea minor&lt;/i&gt;), an endangered and flagship species inhabiting coastal wetlands along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (BirdLife International, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Cultural Heritage Administration, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), migrates annually between its primary breeding grounds on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula (Kang et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) and its wintering grounds, predominantly Japan, Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Vietnam (Yu et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). The Yellow Sea crossing, averaging 14.1 h (Appendix S1: Table S1), is perhaps the most challenging part of their migration. The southwest coast of the Yellow Sea, crucial for migratory birds, hosts the world's largest concentration of operational offshore wind farms. In 2021, driven by the government's year-end deadline for receiving subsidies for offshore wind energy generation, a surge in installations occurred in China. The surge resulted in China possessing nearly half of the world's total offshore wind energy capacity (Global Wind Energy Council, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). While the barrier effect, which impedes the natural movement of wildlife, caused by individual offshore wind farms is generally considered marginal for nonmarine bird species compared with seabirds (Fox et al., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Masden et al., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Masden et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Pettersson, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;), the cumulative effects of multiple wind farms may be substantial. Here, we report two cases of GPS-cellular tracked Black-faced Spoonbills altering their migration routes during the Yellow Sea crossing after encountering successive offshore wind farms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, M03, a male in its hatching year, departed South Korea on its first southward migration at dawn on 2021-11-07 (Video S1). After covering a distance of 502.0 km in 10.5 h, it was 65.9 km off the Rudong coast, one of the most important stopover sites for Spoon-billed Sandpiper in Jiangsu, China (Peng et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Yang et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), when it sequentially entered two offshore wind farms (Figure 1a). M03 flew mainly at the height of the blade rotation zone (see details in Appendix S1). After passing through the two wind farms, it altered its direction and headed north. After dusk, M03 encountered a third wind farm, where it spent 1.0 h circling before departing and reversing its path back to South Korea. It then flew a distance of 376.8 km, landing in the middle of the night on 2021-11-08 on the rocky shore of Hatae Island, around 110 km west of the Korean Peninsula. Notably, this trip recorded the second longest continuous flight among all the other 38 Yellow Sea crossing tracks collected in the study, with a duration of 21.9 h (Appendix S1: Table S1). The bird remained stationary for 29.5 h, indicating possible exhaustion, before resuming its journey toward Haenam County at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula. Following its return, M03 mainly stayed ","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbivory and allelopathy contribute jointly to the diversity–invasibility relationship","authors":"Jiang Wang,&nbsp;Song Gao,&nbsp;Hefang Hong,&nbsp;Wei Xue,&nbsp;Jiwei Yuan,&nbsp;Xiao-Yan Wang,&nbsp;Mark van Kleunen,&nbsp;Junmin Li","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4490","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although herbivory and allelopathy play important roles in plant invasions, their roles in mediating the effect of plant diversity on invasion resistance remain unknown. In a 2-year field experiment, we constructed native plant communities with four levels of species richness (one, two, four, and eight species) and used a factorial combination of insecticide and activated carbon applications to reduce herbivory and allelopathy, respectively. We then invaded the communities with the introduced plant <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. One year after the start of the experiment, there was no statistically significant net effect of species richness on biomass of the invader. However, a structural equation model showed that species richness had a positive direct effect on invader biomass that was partially balanced out by a negative indirect effect of species richness via increased light interception. In the second year, the relationship between invader biomass and species richness was negative when we analyzed the treatment combination with herbivory and allelopathy separately. Therefore, we conclude that joint effects of herbivory and allelopathy may play major roles in driving the diversity–invasibility relationship and should be considered in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy transfer efficiency rather than productivity determines the strength of aquatic trophic cascades","authors":"Libin Zhou,&nbsp;Mingyu Luo,&nbsp;Pubin Hong,&nbsp;Shawn Leroux,&nbsp;Feizhou Chen,&nbsp;Shaopeng Wang","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4482","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4482","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trophic cascades are important determinants of food web dynamics and functioning, yet mechanisms accounting for variation in trophic cascade strength remain elusive. Here, we used food chain models and a mesocosm experiment (phytoplankton–zooplankton–shrimp) to disentangle the relative importance of two energetic processes driving trophic cascades: primary productivity and energy transfer efficiency. Food chain models predicted that the strength of trophic cascades was increased as the energy transfer efficiency between herbivore and predator (predator efficiency) increased, while its relationship with primary productivity was relatively weak. These model predictions were confirmed by a mesocosm experiment, which showed that the strength of trophic cascade increased with predator efficiency but remained unaffected by nutrient supply rate or primary productivity. Combined, our results indicate that the efficiency of energy transfer along the food chain, rather than the total amount of energy fixed by primary producers, determines the strength of trophic cascades. Our study provides an integrative perspective to reconcile energetic and population dynamics in food webs, which has implications for both ecological research and ecosystem management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-phenotypic feedback loops differ in multistressor environments","authors":"Lynn Govaert,&nbsp;Toni Klauschies","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4480","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4480","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural communities are exposed to multiple environmental stressors, which simultaneously impact the population and trait dynamics of the species embedded within these communities. Given that certain traits, such as body size, are known to rapidly respond to environmental change, and given that they can strongly influence the density of populations, this raises the question of whether the strength of the eco-phenotypic feedback loop depends on the environment, and whether stressful environments would enhance or disrupt this feedback or causal linkage. We use two competing freshwater ciliates—<i>Colpidium striatum</i> and <i>Paramecium aurelia</i>—and expose their populations to a full-factorial design of increasing salinity and temperature conditions as well as interspecific competition. We found that salinity, temperature, and competition significantly affected the density and cell size dynamics of both species. Cell size dynamics strongly influenced density dynamics; however, the strength of this eco-phenotypic feedback loop weakened in stressful conditions and with interspecific competition. Our study highlights the importance of studying eco-phenotypic dynamics in different environments comprising stressful abiotic conditions and species interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global database of butterfly species native distributions","authors":"Barnabas H. Daru","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4462","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Butterflies represent a diverse group of insects, playing key ecosystem roles such as pollination and their larval form engage in herbivory. Despite their importance, comprehensive global distribution data for butterfly species are lacking. This lack of comprehensive global data has hindered many large-scale questions in ecology, evolutionary biology, and conservation at the regional and global scales. Here, I use an integrative workflow that combines occurrence records, alpha hull polygons, species' dispersal capacity, and natural habitat and environmental variables within a framework of species distribution models to generate species-level native distributions for butterflies at a global scale in the contemporary period. The database releases native range maps for 10,372 extant species of butterflies at a spatial grain resolution of 5 arcmin (~10 km). This database has the potential to allow unprecedented large-scale analyses in ecology, biogeography, and conservation of butterflies. The maps are available in the WGS84 coordinate reference system (EPSG:4326 code) and stored as vector polygons in the GEOPACKAGE format for maximum compression, allowing easy data manipulation using a standard computer. I additionally provide each species' spatial raster. All maps and R scripts are open access and available for download in Dryad and Zenodo, respectively, and are guided by FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles. By making these data available to the scientific community, I aim to advance the sharing of biological data to stimulate more comprehensive research in ecology, biogeography, and conservation of butterflies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree demographic drivers across temperate rain forests, after accounting for site-, species-, and stem-level attributes","authors":"Insu Jo,&nbsp;Peter J. Bellingham,&nbsp;Sarah J. Richardson,&nbsp;Amy Hawcroft,&nbsp;Elaine F. Wright","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4471","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diverse drivers such as climate, soil fertility, neighborhood competition, and functional traits all contribute to variation in tree stem demographic rates. However, these demographic drivers operate at different scales, making it difficult to compare the relative importance of each driver on tree demography. Using c. 20,000 stem records from New Zealand's temperate rain forests, we analyzed the growth, recruitment, and mortality rates of 48 tree species and determined the relative importance of demographic drivers in a multilevel modeling approach. Tree species' maximum height emerged as the one most strongly associated with all demographic rates, with a positive association with growth rate and negative associations with recruitment and mortality rates. Climate, soil properties, neighborhood competition, stem size, and other functional traits also played significant roles in shaping demographic rates. Forest structure and functional composition were linked to climate and soil, with warm, dry climates and fertile soil associated with higher growth and recruitment rates. Neighborhood competition affected demographic rates depending on stem size, with smaller stems experiencing stronger negative effects, suggesting asymmetric competition where larger trees exert greater competitive effects on smaller trees. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering multiple drivers of demographic rates to better understand forest tree dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mistletoes on lianas: Seed dispersal highways or drought safe havens? Evidence from South American temperate rainforests","authors":"José I. Orellana,&nbsp;Guillermo C. Amico,&nbsp;Roberto F. Nespolo,&nbsp;Soraya Sade,&nbsp;Valentina Vilches-Gómez,&nbsp;Francisco E. Fontúrbel","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4479","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex interactive responses of biodiversity to multiple environmental drivers","authors":"Zeyu Zhang,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Chase,&nbsp;Daniel Bearup,&nbsp;Jinbao Liao","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4484","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4484","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There remains considerable doubt, debate, and confusion regarding how biodiversity responds to gradients of important environmental drivers, such as habitat size, resource productivity, and disturbance. Here we develop a simple but comprehensive theoretical framework based on competition–colonization multispecies communities to examine the separate and interactive effects of these drivers. Using both numerical simulations and analytical arguments, we demonstrate that the critical trade-off between competitive and colonization ability can lead to complex nonlinear, zig-zag responses in both species richness and the inverse Simpson index along gradients of these drivers. Furthermore, we find strong interactions between these drivers that can dramatically shift the response of biodiversity to these gradients. The zig-zag patterns in biodiversity along ecological gradients, together with the strong interactions between the drivers, can explain the mixed findings of empirical studies and syntheses, thereby providing a new paradigm that can reconcile debates on the relationships between biodiversity and multiple drivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publication-driven consistency in food web structures: Implications for comparative ecology","authors":"Chris Brimacombe,&nbsp;Korryn Bodner,&nbsp;Dominique Gravel,&nbsp;Shawn J. Leroux,&nbsp;Timothée Poisot,&nbsp;Marie-Josée Fortin","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4467","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4467","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large collections of freely available food webs are commonly reused by researchers to infer how biological or environmental factors influence the structure of ecological communities. Although reusing food webs expands sample sizes for community analysis, this practice also has significant drawbacks. As food webs are meticulously crafted by researchers for their own specific research endeavors and resulting publications (i.e., books and scientific articles), the structure of these webs inherently reflects the unique methodologies and protocols of their source publications. Consequently, combining food webs sourced from different publications without accounting for discrepancies that influence network structure may be problematic. Here, we investigate the determinants of structure in freely available food webs sourced from different publications, examining potential disparities that could hinder their effective comparison. Specifically, we quantify structural similarity across 274 commonly reused webs sourced from 105 publications using a subgraph technique. Surprisingly, we found no increased structural similarity between webs from the same ecosystem nor webs built using similar network construction methodologies. Yet, webs sourced from the same publication were very structurally similar with this degree of similarity increasing over time. As webs sourced from the same publication are typically sampled, constructed, and/or exposed to similar biological and environmental factors, publications likely holistically drive their own webs' structure to be similar. Our findings demonstrate the large effect that publications have on the structure of their own webs, which stymies inference when comparing the structure of webs sourced from different publications. We conclude by proposing different approaches that may be useful for reducing these publication-related structural issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}