Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Breaking barriers: Transoceanic movement by a bull shark","authors":"Ryan Daly, Taryn S. Murray, Michael J. Roberts, David S. Schoeman, Nicolas Lubitz, Adam Barnett, Riaan Cedras, Dunsin A. Bolaji, Grant M. Brokensha, Pamela M. Le Noury, Fabien Forget, Stephanie K. Venables","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity loss disrupts seasonal carbon dynamics in a species-rich temperate grassland","authors":"Jules Segrestin,&nbsp;Aleš Lisner,&nbsp;Lars Götzenberger,&nbsp;Tomáš Hájek,&nbsp;Eva Janíková,&nbsp;Veronika Jílková,&nbsp;Marie Konečná,&nbsp;Tereza Švancárová,&nbsp;Jan Lepš","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity loss poses a significant threat to ecosystem functioning. However, much of the empirical evidence for these effects is based on artificial experiments that often fail to simulate the structure of natural communities. Hence, it is still unclear whether natural diversity losses would significantly affect the functioning of “real-world” ecosystems. As subordinate and rare species constitute most of the diversity in natural communities and are often more vulnerable to local extinction, we evaluated their contribution to ecosystem functioning in a naturally species-rich grassland. We focused on two mechanisms by which they can support ecosystem functions: redundancy and complementarity. We conducted two long-term field experiments (&gt;6 years) simulating contrasting biodiversity loss scenarios through the manual removal of plant species and measured the consequences of species loss on various ecosystem functions related to carbon dynamics. The latter were examined seasonally to explore diversity effects outside the typical peak of vegetation. We found that dominant removal led to substantial reductions in aboveground phytomass and litter production and altered the annual carbon fixation capacity of the vegetation, highlighting the pivotal role of dominant species in driving ecosystem functioning. Despite high species diversity, other species could not fully compensate for the loss of a single dominant even after more than 25 years, challenging assumptions about redundancy. Complementarity effects were not detected at the peak of vegetation but were evident in early spring and autumn when subordinate and rare species enhanced ecosystem functions. Surprisingly, belowground phytomass, soil organic carbon content, and litter decomposition were unaffected by species removal, suggesting complex interactions in belowground processes. These findings underscore the importance of dominant species in maintaining ecosystem functioning and emphasize the need for nuanced approaches to studying biodiversity loss in real-world communities. Comprehensive seasonal measurements are essential for accurately discerning the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem dynamics and informing effective conservation strategies that maintain ecosystem functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfing the tidal wave: Use of transiently aquatic habitat by juvenile Pacific salmon and other fishes in estuaries","authors":"Daniel J. Scurfield,&nbsp;Phoebe L. Gross,&nbsp;Julian C. L. Gan,&nbsp;Jonathan W. Moore","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70100","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;There is an accumulating set of natural history observations of diverse consumers “surfing” resource waves to extend quality foraging opportunities (Armstrong et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Resource waves are where natural gradients (e.g., elevation) create pulses of resources that propagate across space and time—thereby extending foraging opportunities for mobile organisms (Aikens et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Examples include the seasonal “green wave” for herbivores (Sawyer &amp; Kauffman, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;), or predators such as grizzly bears (&lt;i&gt;Ursus arctos&lt;/i&gt;) pursuing sockeye salmon (&lt;i&gt;Oncorhynchus nerka&lt;/i&gt;) as they migrate to their spawning grounds (Schindler et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While seasonal resource tracking has dominated the literature, tides provide similar opportunities for mobile consumers to exploit ephemeral resources; the framework for the resource wave phenomena (Armstrong et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Estuaries are large intertidal landscapes with strong spatiotemporal patterns that typically ebb and flood twice daily across a mosaic of habitats (Figure 1A). Theses habitats range from riparian, transitional marsh, emergent marsh, delta mudflat to eelgrass (&lt;i&gt;Zostera marina&lt;/i&gt;) providing various forage and shelter opportunities (Woo et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). While there is general appreciation that estuaries are nursery grounds for juvenile fishes (Sharpe et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) (Figure 1B), the extent to which these mobile organisms are navigating transiently aquatic habitats remains relatively unknown. Here we ask whether estuarine fishes are accessing new habitats by exploiting tides as a resource wave? Previous studies of juvenile salmon fry have found that they feed heavily on energy-rich terrestrial insects among estuary marshes potentially mobilized and accessed via tidal inundation (Gray et al., &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Woo et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), while larger predacious fish, such as Dolly Varden (&lt;i&gt;Salvelinus malma&lt;/i&gt;), occupy deep and large habitats of the outer estuary (Seitz et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). It is assumed that estuarine fishes will actively seek out newly available forage and cover opportunities while evading the increasing risk of predation as lower estuary habitats gain depth and become increasingly exposed. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the abundance of estuarine fish species tracks tidal inundation, moving into transiently aquatic habitat as they become accessible with the use of a series of underwater cameras (Figure 1C).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study was conducted in the Salmon (Xwésam) River estuary on the traditional territory of the K'ómoks First Nation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Figure 1D). The Salmon River Estuary is a delta estuary approximately 3.5 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; in area, supporting all five species of Pacific salmon and various resident fish species. This work is part of a large-scale collaborative initiative—Estuary Resilience project—led by The Nature Trust of ","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish–sea lily interactions as observed from a submersible: Paleoecological implications","authors":"Przemysław Gorzelak,&nbsp;Mariusz A. Salamon,&nbsp;Charles G. Messing,&nbsp;Tomasz K. Baumiller","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark nectar pouches are visually similar to colored nectar in bird-pollinated flowers","authors":"Yang Niu,&nbsp;Lie-Wen Lin,&nbsp;Yi-Feng Liu,&nbsp;Li-Shen Qian,&nbsp;Zhe Chen,&nbsp;Hang Sun","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architecture and stability of tripartite ecological networks with two interaction types","authors":"Yangyang Zhao,&nbsp;Zhicheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiyang Hao,&nbsp;Yongjun Zhang,&nbsp;Xingfeng Si,&nbsp;Chuan Yan","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past few decades, studies on empirical ecological networks have primarily focused on single antagonistic or mutualistic interactions. However, many species engage in multiple interactions that support distinct ecosystem functions. The architecture of networks integrating these interactions, along with their cascading effects on community dynamics, remains underexplored in ecological research. In this study, we compiled two datasets of empirical plant–herbivore/host–parasitoid (PHP) and pollinator–plant–herbivore (PPH) networks, representing two common types of tripartite networks in terrestrial ecosystems: antagonism–antagonism and mutualism–antagonism. We identified the patterns of subnetwork structures and interconnection properties in these networks and examined their relationships with community stability. Our findings revealed distinct pathway effects of network architecture on persistence and local stability in both PHP and PPH networks, with subnetwork modularity and nestedness showing a few strong direct effects and mediating the indirect effects of subnetwork size and connectance. In PHP networks, subnetwork modularity enhanced persistence and local stability, whereas subnetwork nestedness directly undermined them. However, both subnetwork topologies consistently mediated the destabilizing effects of subnetwork size and connectance on the entire network. In PPH networks, persistence was primarily affected by the plant–herbivore subnetwork, while the size, connectance, and modularity of different subnetworks had opposing effects on local stability. Regarding interconnection properties, the correlation of interaction similarity destabilized PHP networks, whereas the correlation of interaction degree promoted local stability in PPH networks. Further analysis indicated that structure–persistence relationships vary significantly across guilds, and the network-level effects of network architecture can be reversed, negligible, or biased in specific guilds. These findings advance our understanding of how network architecture influences ecosystem stability and underscore the importance of considering multiple interaction types when predicting community dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhode Island wildlife camera trap survey 2018 to 2023","authors":"Amy E. Mayer,&nbsp;Laken S. Ganoe,&nbsp;Charles Brown,&nbsp;Kylie Rezendes,&nbsp;Jessica Burr,&nbsp;Emerson Paton,&nbsp;Erin Wampole,&nbsp;Kimberly Rivera,&nbsp;Allison M. Stift,&nbsp;Krista L. Noe,&nbsp;Arianna E. Carey,&nbsp;Adriana Hughes,&nbsp;Thomas J. McGreevy Jr.,&nbsp;Brian D. Gerber","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring wildlife populations through the collection of abundance and distribution data across climatic seasons and multiple years is critical to understanding wildlife spatiotemporal dynamics. This is especially important in landscapes faced with natural and anthropogenic disturbances, which include the state of Rhode Island, USA. Rhode Island is the second most densely populated state in the United States, yet the landscape remains highly forested. Similar to many areas in the region, land cover change and conversion to non-habitat cover types continue to be an issue as a result of increased anthropogenic disturbance, in addition to recent natural disturbance including forest structural changes from the spongy moth caterpillar (<i>Lymantria dispar</i>). These changes in land cover types and landscape patterns have the potential to positively or negatively affect wildlife communities, and thus, it is increasingly important to monitor wildlife populations. Camera traps provide an efficient way to inventory and monitor a large spatial area and record detections of a wide variety of terrestrial vertebrates. We began surveying the state of Rhode Island as part of a focal study on bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>, 2018–2020) and later fishers (<i>Pekania pennanti</i>, 2020–2023) while documenting all species of terrestrial vertebrates detected at camera survey locations. We placed cameras in areas with land cover appropriate for the original target species—primarily forests and forested wetlands—and avoided placing cameras directly along hiking trails or roads. The state was divided into two sections—west and east—to maximize study area coverage with limited equipment. Cameras were deployed for at least six weeks in each survey period and section. In total, we monitored 249 survey sites in the state over 12 survey periods (six winter seasons, five summer seasons, and one spring season). We collected 244,013 unique detections from 39 terrestrial vertebrate species (25 mammal species, 13 bird species, and non-personnel humans) throughout the study. These data provide spatial and temporal detection information that is useful for investigating the changes in wildlife populations over time and varying degrees of development through analyses including single species, multi-species, dynamic, and diel occupancy modeling. Results of these analyses can be used to understand how a changing landscape impacts wildlife species. The data are openly available for reuse, and please cite this data paper when these data are used in other materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brooding and parthenogenesis enhance the success of the coral Porites astreoides relative to Orbicella annularis","authors":"Don R. Levitan,&nbsp;Kevin C. Olsen,&nbsp;Rachael M. Best,&nbsp;Peter J. Edmunds","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The abundance of many Caribbean corals has declined over the past few decades, yet now <i>Porites astreoides</i> is more common on many shallow reefs than in the 1980s and shows evidence of local adaptation. We compare the small-scale (1–8000 m) genetic structure of this brooding species and the broadcasting coral <i>Orbicella annularis</i> on reefs (&lt;14 m depth) in St. John, US Virgin Islands, to examine how larval dispersal and asexual propagation contribute to the retention of genotypes within reefs. Populations of <i>P. astreoides</i> have genetic structure across reefs separated by a few 100 m, increased relatedness within reefs, and parthenogenetic larval propagation confirmed by parent–offspring genotyping. Within reefs, <i>P. astreoides</i> colonies &lt;1 m apart are more related, independent of clonal reproduction, than corals at greater distances. In contrast, <i>O. annularis</i> lacks across-reef genetic structure, has low relatedness within and among reefs, and does not produce asexual larvae. Small-scale genetic structure and high relatedness in <i>P. astreoides</i> are evident even without considering asexual propagation, but asexual reproduction enhances these differences. Neither species shows the genetic signature of inbreeding or reduced genotypic diversity despite the high within-site relatedness of <i>P. astreoides</i>. Monitoring on these reefs from 1987 indicates that <i>Porites</i> has increased in abundance while <i>Orbicella</i> has decreased in abundance. The success of <i>Porites</i> is due to greatly increased settlement and recruitment compared with <i>Orbicella</i>. Together these results indicate that high numbers of locally retained and successful genotypes might explain the relative success of <i>Porites</i> on shallow, present-day reefs in the Caribbean.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My, how you've grown: A practical guide to modeling size transitions for integral projection model (IPM) applications","authors":"Tom E. X. Miller,&nbsp;Stephen P. Ellner","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integral projection models (IPMs) are widely used for studying continuously size-structured populations. IPMs require a growth sub-model that describes the probability of future size conditional on current size and any covariates. Most IPM studies assume that this distribution is Gaussian, despite calls for non-Gaussian models that accommodate skewness and excess kurtosis. We provide a general workflow for accommodating non-Gaussian growth patterns while retaining important covariates and random effects. Our approach emphasizes visual diagnostics from pilot Gaussian models and quantile-based metrics of skewness and kurtosis that guide selection of a non-Gaussian alternative, if necessary. Across six case studies, skewness and excess kurtosis were common features of growth data, and non-Gaussian models consistently generated simulated data that were more consistent with real data than pilot Gaussian models. However, effects of “improved” growth modeling on IPM results were moderate to weak and differed in direction or magnitude between different outputs from the same model. Using tools not available when IPMs were first developed, it is now possible to fit non-Gaussian models to growth data without sacrificing ecological complexity. Doing so, as guided by careful interrogation of the data, will result in models that better represent the populations for which they are intended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitor-induced plasticity modifies the interactions and predicted competitive outcomes between annual plants","authors":"Theo L. Gibbs,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Levine,&nbsp;Martin M. Turcotte","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The competitive effect of one individual on another can have impacts beyond just reductions in performance. Because species plastically respond to their environment, competition can also induce changes in species traits, and in turn, these modified traits can then affect interactions with yet other individuals. In this context, plasticity is often argued to favor species coexistence by increasing the niche differentiation between species, though experimental evidence for this hypothesis that explicitly projects competitive outcomes is largely lacking. Here, we transiently subjected four annual plant species to early-season intraspecific or interspecific competition to explicitly induce plastic responses and then examined the response of these individuals to competitors faced later in life. Competing with nearby individuals early in the growing season tended to amplify the sensitivity of individuals to competition, and particularly so for interspecific competition, but the strength of this effect depended on the identity of the focal species. This increase in interspecific relative to intraspecific competition caused plasticity to decrease the predicted likelihood of pairwise coexistence. By combining recent theory with a new experimental approach, we provide a pathway toward integrating phenotypic plasticity into our quantitative understanding of coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}