Ecology最新文献

{"title":"An experimental test of eco-evolutionary dynamics on rocky shores","authors":"Emily K. Longman,&nbsp;Eric Sanford","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4505","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4505","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A growing body of theoretical studies and laboratory experiments has focused attention on reciprocal feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. However, uncertainty remains about whether such eco-evolutionary feedbacks have an important or negligible influence on natural communities. Thus, recent discussions call for field experiments that explore whether selection on phenotypic variation within populations leads to contemporaneous effects on community dynamics. To help fill this gap, in this study, we test the hypothesis that selection on consumer traits in a population of predatory drilling snails can drive eco-evolutionary dynamics in a rocky intertidal community in California, USA. We first conducted a laboratory selection experiment to raise newly hatched dogwhelks (<i>Nucella canaliculata</i>) on four diet treatments encompassing a range of prey species and shell thicknesses. Snails that survived to adulthood under these diet treatments differed in their capacity to drill thick-shelled mussels. Dogwhelks from these treatment groups were then outplanted to intertidal field cages for 1 year to test whether groups experiencing selection differed in their effects on mussel bed succession. As expected, succession proceeded most rapidly in the reference treatment with dogwhelks excluded. However, successional patterns differed minimally among dogwhelks raised under the different diet treatments. Thus, although our laboratory results suggest that prey can impose selection that leads to rapid adaptation and divergent consumer traits, these feedbacks were not strong enough to result in clear community effects in the field. We propose that a limited range of variation in functional traits within populations, moderate strengths of selection, and a background of substantial abiotic and biotic variation may all act to dampen the potential for strong eco-evolutionary dynamics in this and many other natural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From treetops to river bottoms: Exploring the role of phyllosphere fungi in aquatic fungal communities","authors":"Callie Ochs,&nbsp;Michaela Hayer,&nbsp;Egbert Schwartz,&nbsp;Bruce Hungate,&nbsp;Jane Marks","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4513","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungi play a crucial role in aquatic leaf litter decomposition. Aquatic fungi have long been thought to spend the majority of their lives in the water. Here, we explore the possibility of an amphibious life cycle, where phyllosphere fungi spend part of their life cycle in aquatic systems. We used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fungal sequencing to follow phyllosphere fungi onto submerged litter, and quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) to differentiate active and inactive fungi. We found that around 30% of fungi active on aquatic litter entered the stream with the leaf and that these phyllosphere fungi were as active, if not more active than, as the fungi colonizing from the water column. These results demonstrate that phyllosphere fungi are an important part of aquatic fungal communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human presence shifts the landscape of fear for a free-living mammal","authors":"Chelsea A. Ortiz-Jimenez,&nbsp;Sophie Z. Conroy,&nbsp;Erin S. Person,&nbsp;Jasper DeCuir,&nbsp;Gabriella E. C. Gall,&nbsp;Andrew Sih,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Smith","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4499","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans may play a key role in providing small prey mammals spatial and temporal refuge from predators, but few studies have captured the heterogeneity of these effects across space and time. Global COVID-19 lockdown restrictions offered a unique opportunity to investigate how a sudden change in human presence in a semi-urban park impacted wildlife. Here, we quantify how changes in the spatial distributions of humans and natural predators influenced the landscape of fear for the California ground squirrel (<i>Otospermophilus beecheyi</i>) in a COVID-19 pandemic (2020) and non-COVID (2019) year. We used a structural equation modeling approach to explore the direct and indirect effects of human presence, predator presence, and habitat features on foraging that reflected fear responses (e.g., giving-up densities [GUDs], number of foragers, and average food intake rate while at food patches). In 2019, humans and dogs had moderate effects on GUDs; squirrels were less fearful (lower GUDs) in areas frequently visited by humans and dogs, but the effects of raptors were weak. In contrast, in 2020, the effects of humans and dogs on GUDs were weak; squirrels were more fearful of high raptor activity, open sky, and ground cover. In both years, squirrels farthest from refuge were the most risk-averse. Overall, our analyses revealed an increase in perceived risk from natural predators in 2020 associated with a change in the concentration of human presence. Thus, risk-sensitive foraging was dynamic across space and time, depending on a complex interplay among human and dog activity, natural predators, and microhabitat features. Our findings elucidate the myriad ways humans directly and indirectly influence animal perception of safety and danger.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental plasticity does not improve performance during a species interaction: Implications for species turnover","authors":"Alexander A. Mauro,&nbsp;Kyndall R. Zeller,&nbsp;Julián Torres-Dowdall,&nbsp;Cameron K. Ghalambor","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4503","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4503","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species interactions can contribute to species turnover when the outcomes of the interactions are context dependent (e.g., change along environmental gradients). Plasticity may change this dynamic by altering the environmental tolerances of the species interacting. Here, we explored how the competitive interaction between two euryhaline fish, <i>Poecilia reticulata</i> and <i>Poecilia picta</i>, is influenced by acute and developmental responses to salinity. In Trinidad, <i>P. reticulata</i> is confined to freshwater despite being tolerant of brackish water. <i>P. reticulata</i> may fail to occupy brackish water because of reduced tolerance to salinity or because <i>P. picta</i> competitively excludes them, and developing in brackish water could alter the dynamics of either scenario. To test this, we compared the salinity tolerances of both species in the absence of competition, reared <i>P. reticulata</i> individuals in freshwater or brackish water, and tested the consequences of developmental plasticity in experiments in which <i>P. reticulata</i> competed against conspecifics or <i>P. picta</i> during acute exposure to freshwater or brackish water. We found that (1) <i>P. reticulata</i> has a weaker salinity tolerance than <i>P. picta</i>; (2) <i>P. reticulata</i> that developed in freshwater perform best when competing against <i>P. picta</i> in freshwater but perform poorly when competing against <i>P. picta</i> in brackish water, suggesting the species interaction is context dependent; and (3) developing in brackish water did not benefit <i>P. reticulata</i> in brackish water. Our results suggest that <i>P. reticulata</i>'s freshwater range limit is in part a product of a lower salinity tolerance leading to a decrease in competitive performance in brackish water. Adaptive plasticity has been suggested to be a crucial part of the colonization process, yet nonadaptive plastic responses as found here can limit range expansion and reinforce range limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycorrhizal dominance influences tree species richness and richness–biomass relationship in China's forests","authors":"Suhui Ma,&nbsp;Guoping Chen,&nbsp;Qiong Cai,&nbsp;Chengjun Ji,&nbsp;Biao Zhu,&nbsp;Zhiyao Tang,&nbsp;Shuijin Hu,&nbsp;Jingyun Fang","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4501","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mycorrhizal associations drive plant community diversity and ecosystem functions. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (EcM) are two widespread mycorrhizal types and are thought to differentially affect plant diversity and productivity by nutrient acquisition and plant–soil feedback. However, it remains unclear how the mixture of two mycorrhizal types influences tree diversity, forest biomass, and their relationship at large spatial scales. Here, we explored these issues using data from 1247 plots (600 m² for each) across China's natural forests located mostly in temperate and subtropical regions. Both AM-dominated and EcM-dominated forests show relatively lower tree species richness and stand biomass, whereas forests with the mixture of mycorrhizal strategies sustain more tree species and higher biomass. Interestingly, the positive effect of tree diversity on biomass is stronger in forests with low (≤50%) than high AM tree proportion (&gt;50%), reflecting a shift from the complementarity effect to functional redundancy with increasing AM trees. Our findings suggest that mycorrhizal dominance influences tree diversity and richness–biomass relationship in forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal seed dispersal of Rhynchotechum discolor (Gesneriaceae) by a freshwater crab","authors":"Kenji Suetsugu","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4506","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting demographic processes underlie uphill shifts in a desert ecosystem","authors":"Sarah Skikne,&nbsp;Blair McLaughlin,&nbsp;Mark Fisher,&nbsp;David Ackerly,&nbsp;Erika Zavaleta","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4494","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is projected to cause extensive plant range shifts, and, in many cases such shifts already are underway. Most long-term studies of range shifts measure emergent changes in species distributions but not the underlying demographic patterns that shape them. To better understand species' elevational range shifts and their underlying demographic processes, we use the powerful approach of rephotography, comparing historical (1978–1982) and modern (2015–2016) photographs taken along a 1000-m elevational gradient in the Colorado Desert of Southern California. This approach allowed us to track demographic outcomes for 4263 individual plants of 11 long-lived, perennial species over the past ~36 years. All species showed an upward shift in mean elevation (average = 45 m), consistent with observed increasing temperature and severe drought in the region. We found that varying demographic processes underlaid these elevational shifts, with some species showing higher recruitment and some showing higher survival with increasing elevation. Species with faster life-history rates (higher background recruitment and mortality rates) underwent larger elevational shifts. Our findings emphasize the importance of demography and life history in shaping range shift responses and future community composition, as well as the sensitivity of desert systems to climate change despite the typical “slow motion” population dynamics of perennial desert plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups","authors":"John F. Benson,&nbsp;David A. Keiter,&nbsp;Peter J. Mahoney,&nbsp;Benjamin L. Allen,&nbsp;Lee Allen,&nbsp;Francisco Álvares,&nbsp;Morgan L. Anderson,&nbsp;Shannon M. Barber-Meyer,&nbsp;Adi Barocas,&nbsp;James C. Beasley,&nbsp;Linda Behrendorff,&nbsp;Jerrold L. Belant,&nbsp;Dean E. Beyer Jr,&nbsp;Luigi Boitani,&nbsp;Bridget L. Borg,&nbsp;Stan Boutin,&nbsp;Erin E. Boydston,&nbsp;Justin L. Brown,&nbsp;Joseph K. Bump,&nbsp;Jonathon D. Cepek,&nbsp;Michael J. Chamberlain,&nbsp;Yvette M. Chenaux-Ibrahim,&nbsp;Seth G. Cherry,&nbsp;Duško Ćirović,&nbsp;Paolo Ciucci,&nbsp;H. Dean Cluff,&nbsp;Susan M. Cooper,&nbsp;Kevin R. Crooks,&nbsp;Daniel L. J. Dupont,&nbsp;Robert N. Fisher,&nbsp;Daniel Fortin,&nbsp;Thomas D. Gable,&nbsp;Emilio García,&nbsp;Eli Geffen,&nbsp;Stanley D. Gehrt,&nbsp;Michael Gillingham,&nbsp;Douglas C. Heard,&nbsp;Mark Hebblewhite,&nbsp;Joseph W. Hinton,&nbsp;Austin T. Homkes,&nbsp;Chris G. Howden,&nbsp;Djuro Huber,&nbsp;Pat J. Jackson,&nbsp;Kyle Joly,&nbsp;Allicia Kelly,&nbsp;Marcella J. Kelly,&nbsp;Katrien A. Kingdon,&nbsp;Abhijeet Kulkarni,&nbsp;Josip Kusak,&nbsp;Gerald W. Kuzyk,&nbsp;Bryce C. Lake,&nbsp;Luis Llaneza,&nbsp;José Vicente López-Bao,&nbsp;Daniel R. MacNulty,&nbsp;Ashley A. D. McLaren,&nbsp;Philip D. McLoughlin,&nbsp;Evelyn H. Merrill,&nbsp;Kenneth J. Mills,&nbsp;Numi Mitchell,&nbsp;Seth A. Moore,&nbsp;Matthew A. Mumma,&nbsp;Maureen H. Murray,&nbsp;Marco Musiani,&nbsp;Mónia Nakamura,&nbsp;Eric W. Neilson,&nbsp;Lalenia M. Neufeld,&nbsp;Thomas M. Newsome,&nbsp;John K. Oakleaf,&nbsp;Vicente Palacios,&nbsp;Marlo M. Perdicas,&nbsp;Thomas Perry,&nbsp;Tyler R. Petroelje,&nbsp;Cyrenea B. Piper,&nbsp;Christina M. Prokopenko,&nbsp;Laura R. Prugh,&nbsp;Seth P. D. Riley,&nbsp;Helena Rio-Maior,&nbsp;Gretchen H. Roffler,&nbsp;Dale Rollins,&nbsp;Håkan Sand,&nbsp;Fiona K. A. Schmiegelow,&nbsp;Dale R. Seip,&nbsp;Mathew S. Sorum,&nbsp;Colleen C. St. Clair,&nbsp;Robin Steenweg,&nbsp;Michael W. Strohbach,&nbsp;Jack Tatler,&nbsp;Maria Thaker,&nbsp;Connor A. Thompson,&nbsp;Julie W. Turner,&nbsp;Abi T. Vanak,&nbsp;Eric Vander Wal,&nbsp;Petter Wabakken,&nbsp;Scott E. Walter,&nbsp;Sarah C. Webster,&nbsp;Tyler J. Wheeldon,&nbsp;Camilla Wikenros,&nbsp;Steve K. Windels,&nbsp;Julie K. Young,&nbsp;Sana Zabihi-Seissan,&nbsp;Barbara Zimmermann,&nbsp;Brent R. Patterson","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4492","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals. We tracked 574 individuals from six species within the genus <i>Canis</i> in 15 countries on four continents with GPS telemetry to estimate the time that pairs of individuals within social groups spent in close proximity and test hypotheses regarding drivers of cohesion. Pairs of social canids (<i>Canis</i> spp.) varied widely in the proportion of time they spent together (5%–100%) during seasonal monitoring periods relative to both intrinsic characteristics and environmental conditions. The majority of our data came from three species of wolves (gray wolves, eastern wolves, and red wolves) and coyotes. For these species, cohesion within social groups was greatest between breeding pairs and varied seasonally as the nature of cooperative activities changed relative to annual life history patterns. Across species, wolves were more cohesive than coyotes. For wolves, pairs were less cohesive in larger groups, and when suitable, small prey was present reflecting the constraints of food resources and intragroup competition on social associations. Pair cohesion in wolves declined with increased anthropogenic modification of the landscape and greater climatic variability, underscoring challenges for conserving social top predators in a changing world. We show that pairwise cohesion in social groups varies strongly both within and across <i>Canis</i> species, as individuals respond to changing ecological context defined by resources, competition, and anthropogenic disturbance. Our work highlights that cohesion is a highly plastic component of animal sociality that holds significant promise for elucidating ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying cooperative behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-mast: Harmonized seed production data for woody plants across US long-term research sites","authors":"Katherine M. Nigro,&nbsp;Jessica H. Barton,&nbsp;Diana Macias,&nbsp;V. Bala Chaudhary,&nbsp;Ian S. Pearse,&nbsp;David M. Bell,&nbsp;Angel Chen,&nbsp;Natalie L. Cleavitt,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Crone,&nbsp;David F. Greene,&nbsp;E. Penelope Holland,&nbsp;Jill F. Johnstone,&nbsp;Walter D. Koenig,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Lyon,&nbsp;Tom E. X. Miller,&nbsp;Mark Schulze,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Snell,&nbsp;Jess K. Zimmerman,&nbsp;Johannes M. H. Knops,&nbsp;Stacy McNulty,&nbsp;Robert R. Parmenter,&nbsp;Mark A. Winterstein,&nbsp;Roman I. Zlotin,&nbsp;Jalene M. LaMontagne,&nbsp;Miranda D. Redmond","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4463","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants display a range of temporal patterns of inter-annual reproduction, from relatively constant seed production to “mast seeding,” the synchronized and highly variable interannual seed production of plants within a population. Previous efforts have compiled global records of seed production in long-lived plants to gain insight into seed production, forest and animal population dynamics, and the effects of global change on masting. Existing datasets focus on seed production dynamics at the population scale but are limited in their ability to examine community-level mast seeding dynamics across different plant species at the continental scale. We harmonized decades of plant reproduction data for 141 woody plant species across nine Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) or long-term ecological monitoring sites from a wide range of habitats across the United States. Plant reproduction data are reported annually between 1957 and 2021 and based on either seed traps or seed and/or cone counts on individual trees. A wide range of woody plant species including trees, shrubs, and lianas are represented within sites allowing for direct community-level comparisons among species. We share code for filtering of data that enables the comparison of plot and individual tree data across sites. For each species, we compiled relevant life history attributes (e.g., seed mass, dispersal syndrome, seed longevity, sexual system) that may serve as important predictors of mast seeding in future analyses. To aid in phylogenetically informed analyses, we also share a phylogeny and phylogenetic distance matrix for all species in the dataset. These data can be used to investigate continent-scale ecological properties of seed production, including individual and population variability, synchrony within and across species, and how these properties of seed production vary in relation to plant species traits and environmental conditions. In addition, these data can be used to assess how annual variability in seed production is associated with climate conditions and how that varies across populations, species, and regions. The dataset is released under a CC0 1.0 Universal public domain license.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goose grubbing and warming suppress summer net ecosystem CO2 uptake differentially across high-Arctic tundra habitats","authors":"Matteo Petit Bon,&nbsp;Karen H. Beard,&nbsp;Kari Anne Bråthen,&nbsp;Hanna Lee,&nbsp;Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4498","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental changes, such as climate warming and higher herbivory pressure, are altering the carbon balance of Arctic ecosystems; yet, how these drivers modify the carbon balance among different habitats remains uncertain. This hampers our ability to predict changes in the carbon sink strength of tundra ecosystems. We investigated how spring goose grubbing and summer warming—two key environmental-change drivers in the Arctic—alter CO₂ fluxes in three tundra habitats varying in soil moisture and plant-community composition. In a full-factorial experiment in high-Arctic Svalbard, we simulated grubbing and warming over two years and determined summer net ecosystem exchange (NEE) alongside its components: gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). After two years, we found net CO₂ uptake to be suppressed by both drivers depending on habitat. CO₂ uptake was reduced by warming in mesic habitats, by warming and grubbing in moist habitats, and by grubbing in wet habitats. In mesic habitats, warming stimulated ER (+75%) more than GEP (+30%), leading to a 7.5-fold increase in their CO₂ source strength. In moist habitats, grubbing decreased GEP and ER by ~55%, while warming increased them by ~35%, with no changes in summer-long NEE. Nevertheless, grubbing offset peak summer CO₂ uptake and warming led to a twofold increase in late summer CO₂ source strength. In wet habitats, grubbing reduced GEP (−40%) more than ER (−30%), weakening their CO₂ sink strength by 70%. One-year CO₂-flux responses were similar to two-year responses, and the effect of simulated grubbing was consistent with that of natural grubbing. CO₂-flux rates were positively related to aboveground net primary productivity and temperature. Net ecosystem CO₂ uptake started occurring above ~70% soil moisture content, primarily due to a decline in ER. Herein, we reveal that key environmental-change drivers—goose grubbing by decreasing GEP more than ER and warming by enhancing ER more than GEP—consistently suppress net tundra CO₂ uptake, although their relative strength differs among habitats. By identifying how and where grubbing and higher temperatures alter CO₂ fluxes across the heterogeneous Arctic landscape, our results have implications for predicting the tundra carbon balance under increasing numbers of geese in a warmer Arctic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}