Ecology最新文献

{"title":"A multistate Langevin diffusion for inferring behavior-specific habitat selection and utilization distributions","authors":"Brett T. McClintock,&nbsp;Michelle E. Lander","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The identification of important habitat and the behavior(s) associated with it is critical to conservation and place-based management decisions. Behavior also links life-history requirements and habitat use, which are key to understanding why animals use certain habitats. Animal population studies often use tracking data to quantify space use and habitat selection, but they typically either ignore movement behavior (e.g., foraging, migrating, nesting) or adopt a two-stage approach that can induce bias and fail to propagate uncertainty. We develop a habitat-driven Langevin diffusion for animals that exhibit distinct movement behavior states, thereby providing a novel single-stage statistical method for inferring behavior-specific habitat selection and utilization distributions in continuous time. Practitioners can customize, fit, assess, and simulate our integrated model using the provided R package. Simulation experiments demonstrated that the model worked well under a range of sampling scenarios as long as observations were of sufficient temporal resolution. Our simulations also demonstrated the importance of accounting for different behaviors and the misleading inferences that can result when these are ignored. We provide case studies using plains zebra (<i>Equus quagga</i>) and Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>) telemetry data. In the zebra example, our model identified distinct “encamped” and “exploratory” states, where the encamped state was characterized by strong selection for grassland and avoidance of other vegetation types, which may represent selection for foraging resources. In the sea lion example, our model identified distinct movement behavior modes typically associated with this marine central-place forager and, unlike previous analyses, found foraging-type movements to be associated with steeper offshore slopes characteristic of the continental shelf, submarine canyons, and seamounts that are believed to enhance prey concentrations. This is the first single-stage approach for inferring behavior-specific habitat selection and utilization distributions from tracking data that can be readily implemented with user-friendly software. As certain behaviors are often more relevant to specific conservation or management objectives, practitioners can use our model to help inform the identification and prioritization of important habitats. Moreover, by linking individual-level movement behaviors to population-level spatial processes, the multistate Langevin diffusion can advance inferences at the intersection of population, movement, and landscape ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolves on the Katmai coast hunt sea otters and harbor seals","authors":"Kelsey R. Griffin,&nbsp;Gretchen H. Roffler,&nbsp;Ellen M. Dymit","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4185","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4185","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Although considered to be primarily ungulate predators, gray wolves (&lt;i&gt;Canis lupus&lt;/i&gt;) display a high degree of dietary plasticity and consume a variety of alternate prey including marine life (Newsome et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Wolf consumption of marine mammals including seals (&lt;i&gt;Phoca&lt;/i&gt; spp.), Steller sea lions (&lt;i&gt;Eumetopias jubatus&lt;/i&gt;), humpback whales (&lt;i&gt;Megaptera novaeangliae&lt;/i&gt;), walrus (&lt;i&gt;Odobenus rosmarus divergens&lt;/i&gt;), and sea otters (&lt;i&gt;Enhydra lutris&lt;/i&gt;) has been documented in diet studies using stable isotope ratios or by identification of prey remains within dried scats (Collins et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Lewis &amp; Lafferty, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Watts et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). In some areas, marine mammals constitute a large proportion of wolf diets (Collins et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Meiklejohn, &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;; Roffler et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Wolves have been observed consuming sea otter carcasses, but the method by which wolves obtain these and the frequency of scavenging versus hunting marine prey is largely unknown. On the Alaska Peninsula, evidence suggests that coastal wolves may rely more heavily on nearshore species such as sea otters, harbor seals (&lt;i&gt;Phoca vitulina&lt;/i&gt;), and seasonal salmon (&lt;i&gt;Oncorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; spp.) runs, particularly when ungulate prey (i.e., moose [&lt;i&gt;Alces alces&lt;/i&gt;] and caribou [&lt;i&gt;Rangifer tarandus&lt;/i&gt;]) are scarce or absent (Stanek et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Watts &amp; Newsome, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Because so few investigations have been conducted in these systems, the predator–prey dynamics between wolves and marine mammals are not well characterized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Harbor seals are common along the Katmai coast and can be seen hauling out on rocky islands and sandbars or swimming near shore and in-stream outlets to hunt salmon and other fish. On 22 July 2016, while conducting fieldwork in Hallo Bay in Katmai National Park, we witnessed a male wolf hunt and kill a harbor seal (Figure 1a,b; Video S1; Video S1 Legend). The wolf was positioned near the mouth of an intertidal creek and at ~10:30 he charged into the water, grabbing the tail of a harbor seal that was swimming out of the creek toward the bay with an outgoing tide. The wolf tore a wound in the seal's tail with its teeth and maintained a hold on the seal dragging it into shallower water while the seal resisted by continuously arching its back and attempting to bite the wolf. During this struggle, the wolf occasionally released its hold and circled the seal. Briefly, the seal moved a short distance into deeper water; however, the wolf was able to regain hold of its tail. The wolf continued to tear into the flesh of the seal's tail and after a ~30-min struggle, the seal appeared to tire, straining to lift its head above water. The wolf dragged the seal onto the exposed sandbar and began to tear into the existing wound and consume the tail. The wolf then noticed our presence and after a few minutes left the carcass and crossed ","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41108811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood decomposition is increased by insect diversity, selection effects, and interactions between insects and microbes","authors":"Jia-Yun Zou,&nbsp;Marc W. Cadotte,&nbsp;Claus Bässler,&nbsp;Roland Brandl,&nbsp;Petr Baldrian,&nbsp;Werner Borken,&nbsp;Elisa Stengel,&nbsp;Ya-Huang Luo,&nbsp;Jörg Müller,&nbsp;Sebastian Seibold","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity drives ecosystem processes, but its influence on deadwood decomposition is poorly understood. To test the effects of insect diversity on wood decomposition, we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating the species richness and functional diversity of beetles. We applied a novel approach using computed tomography scanning to quantify decomposition by insects and recorded fungal and bacterial communities. Decomposition rates increased with both species richness and functional diversity of beetles, but the effects of functional diversity were linked to beetle biomass, and to the presence of one large-bodied species in particular. This suggests that mechanisms behind observed biodiversity effects are the selection effect, which is linked to the occurrence probability of large species, and the complementarity effect, which is driven by functional differentiation among species. Additionally, beetles had significant indirect effects on wood decomposition via bacterial diversity, fungal community composition, and fungal biomass. Our experiment shows that wood decomposition is driven by beetle diversity and its interactions with bacteria and fungi. This highlights that both insect and microbial biodiversity are critical to maintaining ecosystem functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41171535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning with citizen science data enables estimation of species diversity and composition at continental extents","authors":"Courtney L. Davis,&nbsp;Yiwei Bai,&nbsp;Di Chen,&nbsp;Orin Robinson,&nbsp;Viviana Ruiz-Gutierrez,&nbsp;Carla P. Gomes,&nbsp;Daniel Fink","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective solutions to conserve biodiversity require accurate community- and species-level information at relevant, actionable scales and across entire species' distributions. However, data and methodological constraints have limited our ability to provide such information in robust ways. Herein we employ a Deep-Reasoning Network implementation of the Deep Multivariate Probit Model (DMVP-DRNets), an end-to-end deep neural network framework, to exploit large observational and environmental data sets together and estimate landscape-scale species diversity and composition at continental extents. We present results from a novel year-round analysis of North American avifauna using data from over nine million eBird checklists and 72 environmental covariates. We highlight the utility of our information by identifying critical areas of high species diversity for a single group of conservation concern, the North American wood warblers, while capturing spatiotemporal variation in species' environmental associations and interspecific interactions. In so doing, we demonstrate the type of accurate, high-resolution information on biodiversity that deep learning approaches such as DMVP-DRNets can provide and that is needed to inform ecological research and conservation decision-making at multiple scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predation and competition drive trait diversity across space and time","authors":"Zoey Neale,&nbsp;Volker H. W. Rudolf","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Competition should play a key role in shaping community assembly and thereby local and regional biodiversity patterns. However, identifying its relative importance and effects in natural communities is challenging because theory suggests that competition can lead to different and even opposing patterns depending on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we have taken a different approach: rather than attempting to indirectly infer competition from diversity patterns, we compared trait diversity patterns in odonate (dragonfly and damselfly) communities across different spatial and temporal scales along a natural competition–predation gradient. At the local scale (within a community), we found that trait diversity increased with the size of top predators (from invertebrates to fish). This relationship is consistent with differences in taxonomic diversity, suggesting that competition reduces local trait diversity through competitive exclusion. Spatial (across communities) and temporal (within communities over time) trait variation peaked in communities with intermediate predators indicating that both high levels of competition or predation select for trait convergence of communities. This indicates that competition acts as a deterministic force that reduces trait diversity at the local, regional, and temporal scales, which contrasts with patterns at the taxonomic level. Overall, results from this natural experiment reveal how competition and predation interact to shape biodiversity patterns in natural communities across spatial and temporal scales and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenetic variation in the ecological stoichiometry of 10 fish species during early development","authors":"Kelsea N. Downs,&nbsp;Patrick T. Kelly,&nbsp;Alfredo Ascanio,&nbsp;Michael J. Vanni","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The chemical composition and stoichiometry of vertebrate bodies changes greatly during ontogeny as phosphorus-rich bones form, but we know little about the variation among species during early development. Such variation is important because element ratios in animal bodies influence which element limits growth and how animals contribute to nutrient cycling. We quantified ontogenetic variation from embryos through 2–3 months of age in 10 species of fish in six different families, ranging in adult size from 73 to 720 mm in length. We measured whole-body concentrations (percentage of dry mass) and ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) as fish developed. We also quantified whole-body concentrations of calcium (Ca), because Ca should reflect bone development, and RNA, which can be a major pool of body P. To account for interspecific differences in adult size, we also examined how trends changed with relative size, defined as body length divided by adult length. Ontogenetic changes in body composition and ratios were relatively similar among species and were more similar when expressed as a function of relative size compared to age. Body P increased rapidly in all species (likely because of bone development) from embryos until individuals were ~5%–8% of adult size. Body N also increased, while body C, C:N, C:P, and N:P all decreased over this period. Body Ca increased with development but was more variable among species. Body RNA was low in embryos, increased rapidly in young larvae, then decreased as fish reached 5%–8% of adult size. After fish were about 5%–8% of adult size, changes in body composition were relatively slight for all elements and ratios. These results reveal a consistency in the dynamics of body stoichiometry during early ontogeny, presumably because of similar constraints on the allocation of elements to bones and other body pools. Because most changes occur when individuals are &lt;1 month old (&lt;10% of adult size for that species), early ontogenetic variation in body stoichiometry may be especially important for growth limitation of individuals and ecosystem-level nutrient cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental erosion of microbial diversity decreases soil CH4 consumption rates","authors":"Elvira Schnyder,&nbsp;Paul L. E. Bodelier,&nbsp;Martin Hartmann,&nbsp;Ruth Henneberger,&nbsp;Pascal A. Niklaus","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4178","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have predominantly focused on communities of higher organisms, in particular plants, with comparably little known to date about the relevance of biodiversity for microbially driven biogeochemical processes. Methanotrophic bacteria play a key role in Earth's methane (CH₄) cycle by removing atmospheric CH₄ and reducing emissions from methanogenesis in wetlands and landfills. Here, we used a dilution-to-extinction approach to simulate diversity loss in a methanotrophic landfill cover soil community. Replicate samples were diluted 10¹–10⁷-fold, preincubated under a high CH₄ atmosphere for microbial communities to recover to comparable size, and then incubated for 86 days at constant or diurnally cycling temperature. We hypothesize that (1) CH₄ consumption decreases as methanotrophic diversity is lost, and (2) this effect is more pronounced under variable temperatures. Net CH₄ consumption was determined by gas chromatography. Microbial community composition was determined by DNA extraction and sequencing of amplicons specific to methanotrophs and bacteria (<i>pmoA</i> and 16S gene fragments). The richness of operational taxonomic units (OTU) of methanotrophic and nonmethanotrophic bacteria decreased approximately linearly with <i>log</i>-dilution. CH₄ consumption decreased with the number of OTUs lost, independent of community size. These effects were independent of temperature cycling. The diversity effects we found occured in relatively diverse communities, challenging the notion of high functional redundancy mediating high resistance to diversity erosion in natural microbial systems. The effects also resemble the ones for higher organisms, suggesting that BEF relationships are universal across taxa and spatial scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex nonmonotonic responses of biodiversity to habitat destruction","authors":"Helin Zhang,&nbsp;Daniel Bearup,&nbsp;György Barabás,&nbsp;William F. Fagan,&nbsp;Ivan Nijs,&nbsp;Dongdong Chen,&nbsp;Jinbao Liao","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has typically been assumed that habitat destruction, characterized by habitat loss and fragmentation, has consistently negative effects on biodiversity. While numerous empirical studies have shown the detrimental effects of habitat loss, debate continues as to whether habitat fragmentation has universally negative effects. To explore the effects of habitat fragmentation, we developed a simple model for site-occupancy dynamics in fragmented landscapes. With the model, we demonstrate that a competition–colonization trade-off can result in nonlinear oscillatory responses in biodiversity to both habitat loss and fragmentation. However, the overall pattern of habitat loss reducing species richness is still established, in line with empirical observations. Interestingly, the existence of localized oscillations in biodiversity can explain the mixed responses of species richness to habitat fragmentation per se observed in nature, thereby reconciling the debate on the fragmentation–diversity relationship. Therefore, this study offers a parsimonious mechanistic explanation for empirically observed biodiversity patterns in response to habitat destruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass disappearance of intertidal mussels after an unusual winter cold snap in eastern Canada","authors":"Nicole M. Cameron,&nbsp;Ricardo A. Scrosati","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4179","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4179","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;On temperate marine rocky shores, mussels often form dense intertidal stands that extend across the substrate at various spatial scales. As these stands offer food and shelter for many small species, they are important for the preservation of coastal biodiversity (Arribas et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Lafferty &amp; Suchanek, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). In the last few decades, the abundance of intertidal mussels has declined considerably on some shores because of anthropogenic factors, which is concerning due to the wider ecological implications (Fields &amp; Silbiger, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Sorte et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Particularly marked declines have occurred from extreme weather events caused by the ongoing climate change, as weather conditions affect intertidal species during low tides. A dramatic example occurred recently on the NE Pacific coast. In the summer of 2021, a strong heatwave broke historical records of maximum air temperature, causing mass mortality of mussels in rocky intertidal habitats, which experienced temperatures higher than 50°C at low tide under direct sunlight (Raymond et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; White et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although average temperatures are increasing globally, severe cold stress in winter can take place regionally. For example, the winter temperature gradient between the Arctic and middle latitudes is weakening because Arctic winter temperatures are rising faster. This phenomenon can lead to polar air being transported to middle latitudes in winter, resulting in cold air outbreaks in Eurasia and North America (Cohen et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; You et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). In eastern Canada, unusually cold weather occurred in early February 2023 (Environment Canada, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Annual surveys from 2014 to 2017 showed that mussels (&lt;i&gt;Mytilus edulis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;M. trossulus&lt;/i&gt;) were common at mid-to-high intertidal elevations in wave-exposed rocky habitats in southeastern Nova Scotia (Scrosati et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Figures 1 and 2). However, shortly after the 2023 cold snap, a mass disappearance of these mussels took place. To document this loss, in April 2023 we measured mussel percent cover at mid-to-high elevations along the same transects surveyed from 2014 to 2017 at Duck Reef (44.4913, −63.5270), Western Head (43.9896, −64.6607), and West Point (43.6533, −65.1309), surveying 30 quadrats (20 cm × 20 cm) at each location. We then used the 2014–2017 data on mussel cover as a reference. To describe the 2023 cold snap, we obtained hourly values of air temperature between 1 December and 15 April for the last 10 years (Environment Canada, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). We included data up to 15 April because in 2023 we measured mussel cover at the first location (Western Head) on 16 April (we surveyed Duck Reef on 21 April and West Point on 22 April). We used temperature data for the last 10 years because the earliest data on mussel cover were collected in 2014 (Scrosati et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical forest mammal occupancy and functional diversity increase with microhabitat surface area","authors":"Daniel Gorczynski,&nbsp;Francesco Rovero,&nbsp;Arafat Mtui,&nbsp;Steven Shinyambala,&nbsp;Joseph Martine,&nbsp;Chia Hsieh,&nbsp;Luke Frishkoff,&nbsp;Lydia Beaudrot","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.4181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many animal–environment interactions are mediated by the physical forms of the environment, especially in tropical forests, where habitats are structurally complex and highly diverse. Higher structural complexity, measured as habitat surface area, may provide increased resource availability for animals, leading to higher animal diversity. Greater habitat surface area supports increased animal diversity in other systems, such as coral reefs and forest canopies, but it is uncertain how this relationship translates to communities of highly mobile, terrestrial mammal species inhabiting forest floors. We tested the relative importance of forest floor habitat structure, encompassing vegetation and topographic structure, in determining species occupancy and functional diversity of medium to large mammals using data from a tropical forest in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. We related species occupancies and diversity obtained from a multispecies occupancy model with ground-level habitat structure measurements obtained from a novel head-mounted active remote sensing device, the Microsoft HoloLens. We found that habitat surface area was a significant predictor of mean species occupancy and had a significant positive relationship with functional dispersion. The positive relationships indicate that surface area of tropical forest floors may play an important role in promoting mammal occupancy and functional diversity at the microhabitat scale. In particular, habitat surface area had higher mean effects on occupancy for carnivorous and social species. These results support a habitat surface area–diversity relationship on tropical forest floors for mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"104 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.4181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}