Early China最新文献

{"title":"Ying-shih Yü. Chinese History and Culture, vol. I: Sixth Century B.C.E. to Seventeenth Century. Eds. Josephine Chiu-Duke and Michael S. Duke. Masters of Chinese Studies. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.","authors":"P. Goldin","doi":"10.1017/EAC.2018.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/EAC.2018.18","url":null,"abstract":"The redoubtable Ying-shih Yü’s most important studies in English have been republished in two volumes as part of the Masters of Chinese Studies series, edited by David Der-wei Wang for Columbia University Press. Because the chapters are sequenced chronologically, the ones that will most interest readers of Early China are in volume I. Volume II stretches from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. The collection had apparently been planned for several years, but in late 2014, when Yü’s medical condition prevented him from proofreading the final text, Wang called on Josephine Chiu-Duke and Michael S. Duke to help complete the project (p. xvi). The process of digitally formatting the files had resulted in the loss of significant amounts of text, which Chiu-Duke and Duke restored by referring to the original publications. In addition, they made “a few minor changes” (not further documented) and added some Chinese graphs for the sake of clarity. Since these volumes could not have been published without their painstaking labor, the entire field is in their debt. The first seven chapters focus on early China: “Between the Heavenly and the Human” (pp. 1–19), “Life and Immortality in the Mind of Han China” (pp. 20–57), “‘O Soul, Come Back!’: A Study in the Changing Conceptions of the Soul and Afterlife in Pre-Buddhist China” (pp. 58–84), “New Evidence on the Early Chinese Conception of the Afterlife” (pp. 85–90), “Food in Chinese Culture: The Han Period (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.)” (pp. 91–121), “The Seating Order at the Hong Men Banquet” (pp. 122–33), and “Individualism and the Neo-Daoist Movement in Wei-Jin China” (pp. 134–65). The last of these, despite the title, trenchantly discusses Wang Chong 王充 (27–c. 100 c.e.) and his reception in the Six Dynasties, and thus will undoubtedly interest Han","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/EAC.2018.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56560747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WANTON GODDESSES TO UNSPOKEN WORTHIES: GENDERED HERMENEUTICS IN THE CHUCI ZHANGJU – ERRATUM","authors":"Monica E. M. Zikpi","doi":"10.1017/EAC.2018.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/EAC.2018.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/EAC.2018.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56561399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GERHARD SCHMITT (1933–2017)","authors":"Wolfgang 鶚 Behr 畢","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.2","url":null,"abstract":"Slowly, but unrelentingly, the generation of those unusual Western sinologists who spent their childhood in pre-1949 Republican China is fading away. Gerhard Schmitt, who passed away on November 26, 2017, in Berlin, in the wake of an emergency ileus operation after a long struggle with Parkinson’s disease, was born in Canton on September 28, 1933. His parents Friedrich and Albertine were missionaries, who seem to have fit the cliché of those “Chinadeutsche” who failed to develop any deeper relationship with the country and its inhabitants—a commonly encountered colonial syndrome recently diagnosed again with lavish materials in Barbara Schmitt-Englert’s Deutsche in China 1920–1950: Alltagsleben und Veränderungen1 for the expat communities of Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin. Schmitt learned Cantonese from his ayi and attended the Deutsche Oberschulein Canton after 1939. Much against the will of his father he exchanged marbles for his first Chinese characters with his Chinese playmates and used his pocket money to “bribe” the nanny to teach him written and Classical Chinese as well. Equipped with a phenomenal memory, by his teens he had already managed to memorize large parts of the classics. After repatriation to Germany in 1946—in the limbo after the end of World War II in Europe and before the founding of the People’s Republic—he continued his education, attending West German schools in Korntal (Baden-Württemberg), Düsseldorf, and Berlin-Steglitz. Strongly opposed to his parents’ religious beliefs and increasingly drawn towards socialism, he decided to leave home for good in 1950, and he obtained his leaving school certificate at the Aufbauschule Neu-Lichtenberg in East Berlin. At a time when many East German intellectuals were heading West, Schmitt thus migrated in the other direction, opting for an “Übersiedlung in den Demokratischen Sektor,” as his dissertation CV laconically states. At Humboldt University he read Sinology, Japanology, and General and Comparative Linguistics, and was assigned as “Aspirant” to the","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56560883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTIFYING THE TEXTUAL SOURCES OF SHI JI: REVIEWING PAST RESEARCH FOR A MORE ENCOMPASSING METHODOLOGY","authors":"Trever 其濬 McKay 余","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While many aspects of Shi ji authorship are either unknown or speculative, the source texts of Shi ji and Sima Qian's use of them are viable yet underexplored paths to a deeper understanding of this monumental work. From the 1920s to the present, seven scholars from China, Japan, and Taiwan have attempted to ascertain the extent of Sima Qian's textual perusals and adaptations by compiling bibliographies of Shi ji source texts. This article compiles some of their results for comparison and analysis. From this, principles are highlighted for generating a more comprehensive methodology. 提要 有關《史記》作者的各個層面，目前仍有許多無法澄清之處，儘管如此，《史記》的文獻來源與司馬遷如何採用這些文獻二事尚有可探討之餘地。自 1920 年代至今，前後有七位來自中、日、臺的學者分別列出司馬遷編纂《史記》所參見、引用的書單。本文彙集他們的一些成果來加以分析、比較，目的是彰顯一些基本原則可用以編纂更全面的書目，進而對這本傑作有更深入的瞭解。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56559993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHUN 舜 AND THE INTERPRETATION OF EARLY ORTHOGRAPHICAL VARIATION","authors":"Jonathan M. 納川 Smith 趙","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ji Xusheng's 季旭昇 account of the character 〈舜〉 as a derivative of 〈夋〉 and ultimately of 〈允〉 by reference to Warring States excavated manuscript evidence, recently elaborated by Adam Smith in these pages, appears to clear up the mystery of Shun's 舜 doppelgänger—Jun 俊—in the Shanhai jing 山海經. However, while Ji's observations are of value, there is danger in treating early orthographical variation of this kind with one eye on an interpretive problem from the received texts. In this case, attested variation shows clearly that the form 〈舜〉 was no such derivative, its peculiar origins arguably “large and useless” from a textual critical point view. 提要 季旭昇教授將“舜”字理解為“夋”、“允”字的變體或分化字似乎進一步旁證了舜與《山海經》中帝俊之間的關係，上一期《古代中國》中 Adam D. Smith (亞當)教授又拓展了這種分析。此說法雖能解釋一些問題，但藉傳世文獻中未解之謎推斷異體字演變順序的方法有時難免失於牽強。本文闡述了“舜”字並非源於此種分化字，證明了“舜”字的神奇來源於校勘學其實是“大而無用”的。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56560566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EAC volume 41 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56561342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ZHOU XUN 周訓 AND “ELEVATING THE WORTHY” (SHANG XIAN 尚賢)","authors":"Andrej 安德 Fech 費","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present paper aims to investigate the idea of “elevating the worthy” (shang xian 尚賢) as it appears in the newly found manuscript Zhou xun 周訓. This manuscript is part of the Peking University collection (Beijing daxue cang Xi-Han zhushu 北京大學藏西漢竹書), presumably copied in the first half of the first century b.c.e. In sharp contrast to most recently discovered manuscripts promulgating “elevating the worthy,” the Zhou xun introduces the meritocratic principle to support hereditary power transfer, by positing that the right to rule should be passed on to the most able son of a ruler. I argue that this position served several purposes. First, it provided a solution to the central problem of abdication discourse, namely, the conflict between the principles of “respecting worthies” (zun xian 尊賢) and “loving kin” (ai qin 愛親). Second, this interpretation of “elevating the worthy” entailed a significant extension of the number of potential contenders to the throne, challenging the system of primogeniture, the very cornerstone of political order in early China. This fundamental challenge appears to be deliberate and can be interpreted as an attempt to formulate a new paradigm for the ruling house of Zhou. The complete absence of the idea of Heaven's Mandate (tian ming 天命) from the Zhou xun certainly underscores its radical departure from Zhou conventional claims to power. However, I argue that, given the close association between the Zhou xun and the Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋, it is also plausible that the former's theory was created to justify the Zhou's overthrow by the Qin 秦. In any case, the Zhou xun provides us with new insights into how the idea of “elevating the worthy” was applied to politics in early China. 提要 本文旨在探討新出《周訓》中的「尚賢」思想。這部出土文獻屬於《北京大學藏西漢竹書》﹐其抄寫年代大概在公元前一世紀的前半葉。《周訓》與其他提倡「尚賢」的新出土文獻形成了鮮明的對比，因為前者提出「尚賢」的目的是為了支持傳子之制，認為應該將統治權力交給最有能力的繼承人。本文認為《周訓》的立場達到以下幾個目的﹕首先，它解決了禪讓說中的核心問題，即「尊賢」與「愛親」之間的衝突﹔其次， 這種對「尚賢」的解釋擴大了王位候選人的範圍，挑戰了長子繼承制這種中國自古以來政治秩序的基石。這個根本性挑戰的目的﹐或許是要為周王室制定一個新的統治範式。《周訓》完全沒有提到「天命」的觀念，也說明了它已經遠離周朝對權力的固有理解。然而，鑑於《周訓》與《呂氏春秋》之間的密切關係，我們也可以說《周訓》的寫作目的是要證明秦滅周的合法性。無論如何，《周訓》給我們提供了有關「尚賢」的原則如何應用於政治的新知識。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56562202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN","authors":"Piotr 百思 Gibas 齊","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article demonstrates that historical narrative in the Zuo zhuan is founded on the concept of “timeliness,” that is, on the understanding of time as being endowed with moral qualities. The choice between a “timely” (shi 時) or “untimely” (bu shi 不時) course of action determines the success or failure of the person involved in it. The origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan can be traced to mantic literature of the same period, such as almanacs. Early Chinese writers of history—like diviners—strove to explain the past in order to predict the future. Seen in this light, “knowing history” implies understanding and mastering the mechanisms that drive it; and looking into the past is tantamount to “knowing” the future. 提要 本文論證《左傳》中的歷史敘事建立在 「時」與「不時」的概念上。敘事裡人物行動的結果是否成功取決於「時」（則吉）或「不時」（則凶）。此概念源自同時期日書與月令等傳統。中國早期歷史記述者試圖憑藉過去預測未來。從這一角度來看，了解歷史意味著掌握驅動歷史事件的因素。以史為鑒對於「預知」未來起著至關重要的作用。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56561040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OVERGROWN COURTYARDS AND TILLED FIELDS: IMAGE-BASED DEBATES ON GOVERNANCE AND BODY POLITICS IN THE MENGZI, ZHUANGZI, AND HUAINANZI","authors":"Tobias Benedikt 全恩 Zürn 陶","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thus far, scholarship on early China has mainly focused on conceptual debates and re-interpretations of terminology. I showcase in this article a methodology called metaphorology that enables us to analyze how discourses developed through the reworking of images. In particular, I reconstruct a discourse on governance and self-cultivational practices as enshrined in Mengzi 3A.4, the Zhuangzi’s “Mati” chapter and Huainanzi 9.13. While Mengzi 3A.4 purports that the cultivation of agricultural fields and human bodies are necessary steps in the civilizational process, the Zhuangzi’s “Mati” chapter demands a decultivation of the human population and a return to the wilderness. In my reading, Huainanzi 9.13, from the “Arts of Rulership” chapter, amalgamates these two image-based debates with the help of the metaphors of the ruler as an overgrown courtyard and the officials as tilled fields. Hence, I propose that Huainanzi 9.13 creates its integrative vision of governance that promotes both education and decultivation by synthesizing the “Mati” chapter's focus on wilderness and Mengzi 3A.4's concerns with tilling. As a result, I encourage us to engage fully in imagery's role as a central and foundational aspect of early Chinese debate culture rather than a rhetorical side effect of its various discourses. 提要 迄今為止的早期中國研究大多著力於對術語、概念的爭論和詮釋。在這篇論文中，我希望展示一種新的研究方法，即通過研究意象的轉化來分析各種話語的變化發展。尤以《孟子・滕文公上》、《莊子・馬蹄》和《淮南子・主術訓》為例，我試圖重構這三個文本所體現的統治與修身話語。雖然〈滕文公上〉主張耕作與修身是禮樂文明賴以發展的必經階段，〈馬蹄〉的一些章節卻要求人們去除禮樂教化，回歸「廣莫之野」。而〈主術訓〉一章藉由兩個比喻──以「朝廷蕪」比喻君主「無為而治」，以「田野辟」比喻官吏「務功修業」──將《莊子・馬蹄》的荒野和《孟子・滕文公上》的耕作這兩種不同意象融為一體。由此，《淮南子・主術訓》創造性地提出了一種整合禮樂教化與無為復樸的統治術。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56561816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JAO TSUNG-I (RAO ZONGYI) 饒宗頤 (1917–2018)","authors":"Chen 致 Zhi 陳, Adam 亞當 Schwartz 史","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Jao Tsung-I 饒宗頤 (pinyin: Rao Zongyi) passed away on Tuesday, February 6, 2018, at the age of 101 years. Professor Jao, courtesy name Bolian 伯濓 (or Bozi 伯子), and pen names Xuantang 選堂 and Gu’an 固菴, was one of the most renowned and revered scholars of our time. He was born in Chaozhou 潮州, Guangdong in 1917. Over the course of more than eight decades of academic research, his scholarship extended to nearly every field of traditional Chinese culture and included ancient history (including the conception of legitimacy), historiography (e.g. local gazetteers of Chaozhou, oracle bone chronology and geography of the Chu ci 楚 辭), paleography (e.g. oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, and bamboo and silk manuscripts), Dunhuang studies, Sino-foreign relations (Sino-Tibet and Sino-India), Chinese classics and their commentaries, archaeology, religions (including Daoism, Buddhism, Brahmanism and Zoroastrianism), ethnology, bibliographical studies, classical literature (Shi jing 詩經, Chu ci, Han Rhapsody, shi 詩 and ci 詞 poetry, prose, fiction and drama), and art history. He was proficient in multiple languages, ranging from English and French to ancient languages such as Latin, Sanskrit, and Pali. Professor Jao was also highly regarded for his original creation in poetry, calligraphy, and painting, and he was a master of the guqin 古琴, an ancient seven-string zither. Throughout his life, Professor Jao was devoted to promoting Chinese culture, and his profound and bright virtue cultivated and enlightened numerous others. Primarily teaching in Hong Kong, Macau, and Singapore, Professor Jao held visiting professorships at Yale University in the United States, L’Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient in France, and Kyoto University in Japan, as well as a research professorship at Academia Sinica in Taiwan. His towering academic achievements have earned him a worldwide audience and everlasting reverence. Over the years, he has a host of honors in recognition of his exemplary accomplishments. He was awarded the highly regarded Prix Stanislas Julien by the College de France and was made an Academician of both the École française d’Extrême-Orient (Institute of Far Eastern Studies) and the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences, Russia. He was","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56560687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}