Early China最新文献

{"title":"SINGLE- AND MULTI-PIECE MANUSCRIPTS IN EARLY IMPERIAL CHINA: ON THE BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF A TERMINOLOGICAL DISTINCTION","authors":"Thies 達 Staack 史","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Received and excavated sources from early imperial China employ various terms for pieces of bamboo or wood that served as writing support. In many cases, neither the exact meanings nor diachronic differences in usage of these terms are sufficiently clear. What kinds of concrete objects the terms actually referred to in a certain period accordingly turns out to be quite an intricate question. This article focuses on the terms du 牘 and die 牒, which not only occur most frequently in the sources, but can also be considered as a complementary pair. Investigating differences in form and function that can be gathered from the way the terms are employed in both administrative documents and legal prescriptions of the Qin and Han period (including a newly published Qin ordinance) it argues that du and die were connected to two conceptually different types of manuscripts, namely single- and multi-piece manuscripts. It shows that these two types also entailed differences in how the manuscripts were kept for storage and transport, which were likewise reflected by special terminology. Finally, it proposes that the increasing use of multi-piece manuscripts instead of single-piece ones, especially since the time of Emperor Wu of Han 漢武帝 (r. 141–87 b.c.e.), probably had both pragmatic and economic reasons, which fit well into the setting of a gradually consolidating empire with an ever-growing volume of bureaucratic record keeping. 提要 秦漢時期的傳世和出土資料，記載了不少與用作書寫載體的竹或木片相關的術語。很多時候，它們用法上的確切含義以及歷時性差異，皆未得到充分了解。究竟這些術語在特定時間內，指涉哪些具體事物，成為一個複雜的問題。本文聚焦於「牘」與「牒」，不但由於這兩個詞在資料裏最常出現，還因為它們可被視作互補的一對。爬梳行政文書和法律規範（包括一條新見的秦令）中「牘」和「牒」在形制和功能方面的差異後，本文認為「牘」和「牒」實際上連繫着兩種不同概念的寫本，即單獨簡和編冊簡。本文的分析又顯示，這兩種寫本也意味着儲藏方式的區別，其同樣反映在特殊的術語上。最後，本文提出漢代（特別從漢武帝時起）編冊簡使用之所以日益增加，可能出於實用和經濟原因，這也符合當時漢帝國日漸穩固、官僚系統簿記數量不斷增加的情況。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56561513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZHANG ZHONGPEI 張忠培 (1934–2017)","authors":"Katheryn 嘉琳 Linduff 林","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Professor Zhang Zhongpei was a field archeologist, a Professor of archaeology at Jilin University, and a highly valued Ph.D. director of scores of students. He served in many influential capacities including as the Director of the Palace Museum in Beijing. Among archaeologists he is known through his many publications on regional cultures and through his twenty-year membership on the State Bureau of Cultural Relics which granted permits for archaeological projects that reshaped our understanding of the emergence of Chinese civilization. Zhang Zhongpei passed away at the age of eighty-three on July 3, 2017 in Beijing. 張忠培教授為田野考古學家，吉林大學考古學教授，亦為博士生導師，桃李滿天下。 先生曾任多項具有影響力的職位，包括北京故宮博物院院長，故宮研究院名譽院長，以及故宮博物院學術委員會副主任委員等職。身為考古學家，先生著作等身，並在擔任國家文物局專家組 資深成員二十年，負責授予考古項目的許可證。他多年來為田野考古發展，多所規劃，厥功至偉。先生於 2017 年 7 月 3 日在北京，因癌症逝世，享年 83 歲。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56562042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POETRY, “THE METAL-BOUND COFFER,” AND THE DUKE OF ZHOU","authors":"Kuan-yun 冠雲 Huang 黃","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The two parts of this study concern the three extant versions of “The Metal-bound Coffer” (“Jin teng”): the two received texts in the Book of Documents and the Grand Scribe's Records and the newly recovered Warring States manuscript now at Tsinghua University in Beijing. The first part considers an uncontroversial detail shared by all three versions: the reference to a poem composed by the Duke of Zhou called “The Owl” (“Chixiao”). Cross-referencing “The Metal-bound Coffer” with a poem of the same title, now found in the Book of Odes, it is possible to explain not only the place of this poem in the overall narrative of “The Metal-bound Coffer,” but also the considerations of the poem's two ancient commentators, Mao and Zheng Xuan. In the second part of the study, the discussion turns to the three versions of “The Metal-bound Coffer,” looking in turn at three different passages. By positing a greater number of testimonies than the ones that happen to survive, I argue that a comparison of the extant versions reveals an effort by transmitters, commentators, and the re-teller Sima Qian to teach a single lesson: the Duke of Zhou occupied a subordinate place vis-à-vis the ruler, and must never undermine him in any way. 提要 現存三種《金縢》文本存在細微差異，關係重大。這些文本差異都涉及周公是忠是奸的問題，源自其亦臣亦君的微妙身分，具體表現有二：一是武王病危，周公以君王的身分為之禱祠﹔二是成王年幼，周公攝政，最終篡位或反政的抉擇。時代背景是商、周之際，周人的統治尚未穩固、禮儀規範尚未完備的交接，而這也構成王國維《殷周制度論》的討論對象。本論文著重討論戰國秦漢作者對周公的想像，通過三本《金縢》與當時關於周公的眾多傳聞軼事，探討周公的形象如何通過傳承、注釋與再述而逐漸被塑造 。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56561723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SACRIFICE VS. SUSTENANCE: FOOD AS A BURIAL GOOD IN LATE PRE-IMPERIAL AND EARLY IMPERIAL CHINESE TOMBS AND ITS RELATION FUNERARY RITES","authors":"Armin 藏 Selbitschka 謝","doi":"10.1017/eac.2018.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the medical manuscripts recovered from Tomb No. 3 at Mawangdui (dated 186 b.c.e.) states that, “When a person is born there are two things that need not to be learned: the first is to breathe and the second is to eat.” Of course it is true that all healthy newborn human beings possess the reflexes to breathe and eat. Yet, the implications of death should have been just as obvious to the ancient Chinese. Once the human brain ceases to function, there is no longer a biological need for oxygen and nourishment. Nevertheless, a large number of people in late pre-imperial and early imperial China insisted on burying food and drink with the dead. Most modern commentators take the deposition of food and drink as burial goods to be a rather trite phenomenon that warrants little reflection. To their minds both kinds of deposits were either intended to sustain the spirit of the deceased in the hereafter or simply a sacrifice to the spirit of the deceased. Yet, a closer look at the archaeological evidence suggests otherwise. By tracking the exact location of food and drink containers in late pre-imperial and early imperial tombs and by comprehensively analyzing inscriptions on such vessels in addition to finds of actual food, the article demonstrates that reality was more complicated than this simple either/or dichotomy. Some tombs indicate that the idea of continued sustenance coincided with occasional sacrifices. Moreover, this article will introduce evidence of a third kind of sacrifice that, so far, has gone unnoticed by scholarship. Such data confirms that sacrifices to spirits other than the one of the deceased sometimes were also part of funerary rituals. By paying close attention to food and drink as burial goods the article will put forth a more nuanced understanding of early Chinese burial practices and associated notions of the afterlife. 提要 馬王堆三號墓出土的一卷醫書（公元前 186 年）寫道：「人產而所不學者二，一曰息，二曰食。」 毋庸置疑，所有健康的新生兒都具備呼吸和飲食的本能。然而，死亡的意義對古人而言却没有那麼明顯。一旦大腦停止工作，人就無需氧氣和營養了。可是在晚前和早期中華帝國，人们往往用食物和酒飲作為陪葬。多數現代學者認為食物和酒飲的陪葬司空見慣，因而不值一提。在他們看来，這兩種陪葬品若不是用來供奉亡靈，就是為逝者獻祭而已。然而，對考古資料的進一步分析後，結論截然不同。通過分析晚前和早期中華帝國墓葬中食器、杯皿之確切位置，並全面解析器皿表面之文字，綜合相關食物之發現，本文証明實際情況遠比簡單的二分法複雜。一些墓葬表明，長期的供奉與偶爾的獻祭不謀而合。此外，本文將介紹目前學界未有涉及的第三類獻祭行為的證據。此證據表明，作為殯葬儀式的一部分，除了祭奠墓主的亡靈，其他亡靈也同樣得到祭奠。通過對作為陪葬品的食物和酒飲進行細緻分析，本文對早期中國殯葬傳統及相關的來世理念提出一種更細緻的解讀。","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2018.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56561960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li, Michael Nylan, and Hans van Ess, The Letter to Ren An and Sima Qian's Legacy. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016 – ERRATUM","authors":"Lei Yang","doi":"10.1017/EAC.2017.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/EAC.2017.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/EAC.2017.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49350439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECHOING RULERSHIP—UNDERSTANDING MUSICAL REFERENCES IN THE HUAINANZI – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"A. Rom","doi":"10.1017/EAC.2017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/EAC.2017.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Huainanzi text (淮南子 presented in 139 b.c.e. compiled by Liu An 劉安 179–122 b.c.e. ), while defining itself as a political guide, is replete with references to Music ( yue 樂) itself and music-related terms. While no chapter of the work’s twenty-one chapters is specifically dedicated to the subject of music, no single chapter of it is without musical references. This gives rise to the question: Which functions could music possibly have in such an overtly political text? What this article will examine are the interactions between music and the social and political spheres in the Huainanzi . An analysis of the text’s musical references reveals an intriguing, multidimensional attitude toward music, touching upon moral discourse, discourse on political power, cosmological perceptions, and much more. The article suggests a dual function of music in the text—on the one hand, music serves as a rhetorical tool for the authors of the Huainanzi , and on the other hand, it is a subject of discussion in its own right. For each of these functions of music, a model is proposed. The first model depicts the innovative musical conceptions of the Huainanzi ; the second demonstrates how, through an analysis of musical references in the text, a model of sagely rulership is revealed. These models are illustrated and embodied in the human realm.","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/EAC.2017.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42449716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TO PUNISH THE PERSON: A READING NOTE REGARDING A PUNCTUATION MARK IN THE TSINGHUA MANUSCRIPT *MING XUN – ERRATUM","authors":"Edward L. Shaughnessy","doi":"10.1017/eac.2017.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2017.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/eac.2017.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49152554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barbieri-Low, Anthony J., and Robin D. S. Yates. Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China: A Study with Critical Edition and Translation of the Legal Texts from Zhangjiashan Tomb no. 247. Leiden: Brill, 2015. 2 vols. – ERRATUM","authors":"C. Sanft","doi":"10.1017/EAC.2017.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/EAC.2017.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/EAC.2017.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41724460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS – ERRATUM","authors":"Wen-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1017/EAC.2017.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/EAC.2017.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/EAC.2017.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45366163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANNUAL BIBLIOGRAPHY – ERRATUM","authors":"Wen-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1017/EAC.2017.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/EAC.2017.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11463,"journal":{"name":"Early China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/EAC.2017.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44243411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}