Ecological Indicators最新文献

{"title":"How do nature-based solutions contribute to biodiversity in cities?","authors":"Meng Li,&nbsp;Roy P. Remme,&nbsp;Peter M. van Bodegom,&nbsp;Alexander P.E. van Oudenhoven","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multifunctional character of nature-based solutions (NbS) in cities, benefiting both biodiversity and human well-being, is gaining increasing attention. Designing multifunctional NbS in cities requires insights in how NbS contribute to biodiversity, since biodiversity supports ecosystem stability and resilience, and benefits for people. While knowledge of urban biodiversity has increased, a comprehensive understanding of how NbS contribute to biodiversity is still lacking. We analyzed the outcomes of 185 urban NbS cases in 87 cities across 33 countries, based on data collected in a systematic literature review. Our results show that 78% of NbS cases contribute positively to improving biodiversity when compared to non-NbS. In some cases, their performance was comparable to that of natural reference sites. Twenty-eight NbS cases evaluating multiple outcomes, beyond biodiversity, predominantly demonstrate win–win solutions for biodiversity and human well-being, although the evidence base remains limited. We showed that current evidence is limited to specific taxa (mostly animals), NbS types (e.g., gardens, forests), and commonly used metrics (e.g., species richness, abundance). We also found that only 39% of cases integrated baseline data, highlighting a lack of comparative studies effectively assessing NbS contributions to biodiversity. Our research provides insights for indicator selection to facilitate the evaluation of NbS for biodiversity and beyond, advancing the understanding of multifunctional NbS, and expanding NbS evaluations to provide accessible information for decision-making and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113523"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine-Oak Type: A unique resilient global system with high potential for nature-based solutions","authors":"Surendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Donald B. Zobel","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed across all the continents of the Northern Hemisphere, <em>Pinus</em> (∼113 species) and <em>Quercus</em> (∼435 species) are among the most important forest forming genera of the planet. The cooccurrence of pines (<em>Pinus</em> species) and oaks (<em>Quercus</em> species), separated by ∼ 100 million years in the evolutionary history, and hence differing conspicuously in life history, morphology and adaptation to environment, has immense ecological importance. However, ecology of many species and several geographical areas has hardly been investigated. Here, we discuss why “pine and oak type” is an important ecological entity of global significance with regard to (i) evolutionary time scale, and (ii) diversification of the genera, (iii) environmental responses of species, and (iv) co-occurrence of pine and oak despite their contrasting responses to drought and fire. Furthermore, given their long term persistence, and resilience and successional linkage we have (v) discussed a few aspects of their potential for Nature based Solutions (NbS). While the pines’ basic strategy is to keep a ‘wide safety margin’, both in terms of hydraulic parameters and protection of stem with thick bark to deal with water stress and fire respectively, oaks depend on effective recovery after the damage caused by drought or/and fire. To achieve it, oaks’ strategy is to maximise resource (carbohydrate) capture by keeping stomata open in dry conditions and use resources to recover by resprouting. There is a need to extend research to many more species of pine and oak to understand this ecological system. Pine and oak forests have contributed to the sustenance of organic agriculture in several parts of Himalayas as an example, and hold potential for NbS in a changing world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113536"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal trends and driving mechanisms of land degradation sensitivity in the southern region of China","authors":"Abiot Molla ,&nbsp;Yin Ren ,&nbsp;Yilkal Gebeyehu Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Shudi Zuo ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating land sensitivity to degradation and its driving factors is crucial due to both environmental and human influences. This helps to identify vulnerable regions and develop effective land management strategies.<!--> <!-->This study examines land degradation trends and driving factors in southern China from 2000 to 2020 using Mediterranean Desertification And Land Use (MEDALUS) and Geographical Detector models.<!--> <!-->Eighteen factors are grouped into four indices: Vegetation Quality Index (VQI), Climate Quality Index (CQI), Management Quality Index (MQI), and Soil Quality Index (SQI) to formulate the Land Degradation Sensitivity Index (LDSI).<!--> <!-->The results indicated that fragile and critical land degradation sensitivity is primarily distributed in the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, Xinjiang, and Taihu basins of the study regions. Quantitatively, the critical sensitivity class of LDSI comprised 13.35 %, 16.95 %, and 17.95 % of the total areas in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. Over the last 20 years, 23.2 % and 16.4 % of ’Potential’ lands became ’Fragile’ and ’Critical’, respectively. These trends indicate the ongoing shift from less degraded to more degraded states.<!--> <!-->The interaction detector results showed that the combinations of VQI ∩ CQI, and VQI ∩ SQI had the most significant effects on LDSI. Erosion protection (EPs), drought resistance (DRs), fire resistance (FRs), wind speed (WindSpe), precipitation (PRE), land use intensity (LUI), and soil group (SoilGr) are the main drivers. To effectively combat land degradation, it is essential to address the key factors that contribute to it. The study provided a scientific foundation for understanding land degradation sensitivity in the study regions and a global reference for quantifying its causes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113532"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV LiDAR expands the understanding of forest tree diversity","authors":"Jianyang Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Quan ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Baozhong Yuan ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Mingze Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timely and accurate monitoring of forest tree diversity is essential to support ecological evaluation and sustainable forest management. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) features in explaining tree diversity. However, how LiDAR-drived features, particularly height heterogeneity, relate to plot-level tree species diversity across spatial scales has not been systematically evaluated. To address this, we conducted a field survey in natural secondary forests and collected unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) LiDAR data. Traditional diversity indices were calculated using relative density and importance value, and their correlations with LiDAR features were analyzed. These analyses incorporated assessments of different spatial resolutions and heterogeneity metrics for estimating tree diversity. The results revealed that (1) the diversity indices calculated with importance value correlate better with LiDAR features than with relative density; (2) among heterogeneity metrics, Rao’s Q outperformed the coefficient of variation (CV), and heterogeneity metrics overall performed better than structural features in estimating tree diversity; (3) the LiDAR data provided fine-scale structural information, with the highest accuracy for estimating tree diversity achieved at a 1 m spatial resolution; and (4) features from the cover category, including canopy cover (CC), cover of the herbaceous layer (CH), and cover of the tree layer (CT), demonstrated greater robustness and stronger correlations with tree diversity across different spatial resolutions. Our study suggests that using high-resolution UAV LiDAR data, combined with diversity indices based on importance values, can enhance biodiversity assessment and inform forest management strategies aimed at promoting structural complexity and supporting tree diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113534"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does wildfire severity reduce soil multifunctionality in the short-term? A matter of depth","authors":"Amara Santiesteban-Serrano ,&nbsp;Ana Rincón ,&nbsp;Cristina Aponte","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-severity wildfires can alter soil properties through direct heat transfer and post-fire processes, yet soil has a high capacity to buffer these changes with depth. In this study, we assessed the short-term (three months post-fire) effects of a severe wildfire on soil functions in a <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L. forest in Spain. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm) from unburnt areas, areas burnt at low severity (intact canopies), and areas burnt at high severity (completely scorched canopies). High-severity plots were further categorized by slope (moderate/steep) to determine the potential synergistic effects of fire severity and slope. By measuring 24 soil indicators, we assessed key soil functions (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil fertility, nutrient cycling) and calculated the Effective Multifunctionality index (EMi) to capture the overall soil performance. Our results revealed that: (i) most soil functions drastically declined in the topsoil of burnt plots, but not so in the subsoil; (ii) fire reshaped the vertical stratification of soil indicators; (iii) no significant synergistic interactions were observed between high fire severity and steep slopes; (iv) the EMi, primarily driven by carbon sequestration, was significantly reduced by fire severity in the topsoil; (v) subsoil remained largely unaffected by fire. These findings underscore the short-term resilience of subsoil processes to high-severity wildfires, and highlight the importance of distinguishing aboveground fire severity from soil impacts. They also emphasize the need for targeted post-fire management strategies to support soil recovery and sustain ecosystem functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113500"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a multifunctional indicator framework for soil health","authors":"Jacqueline A. Hannam ,&nbsp;Maddie Harris ,&nbsp;Lynda Deeks ,&nbsp;Hannah Hoskins ,&nbsp;James Hutchison ,&nbsp;Amy J. Withers ,&nbsp;James A. Harris ,&nbsp;Lawrence Way ,&nbsp;R.Jane R. Rickson","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We developed a proof-of-concept indicator framework to monitor soil health based on the delivery of ecosystem services. Instead of distilling soil health to one metric, the framework enables simultaneous comparison of the delivery and trade-offs between different ecosystem services that are delivered by soils, accounting for inherent capability determined by soil type and land use. The framework has potential to explore a whole systems approach, ascertaining soil system response in real time that can detect emergent properties of the system. Initial development of the framework ranked salient soil properties known to be linked and pertinent to the delivery of ecosystem services. These key soil properties, together with other environmental variables were used to create simple conceptual models representing a causal network for soils’ contributions to the ecosystem services of climate regulation, food production, water regulation and below-ground biodiversity. The conceptual models were developed into Bayesian Belief Networks populated with relevant national data and expert judgement. The resulting outputs gave an indication of how well (i.e. healthy) a soil can deliver each ecosystem service at a land parcel scale presented in a dashboard app. The output at a specific location can be contextualised or benchmarked against to the range of values for areas with similar soil and land use types. The idea was to build the model with readily available data and knowledge but with flexibility for iterative development to refine the framework and models and improve outputs over time. This enables indicator updates using inputs of local knowledge of land management, or when additional soil data becomes available, or when soil policy drivers change, or our understanding of the conceptual and statistical models are improved. The indicator framework can be applied and adapted for use in multiple contexts from reporting national policy targets on soil health to determining soil health for a farmer at the field level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113515"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing green space exposure in high density urban areas: A deficiency-sufficiency framework for Shanghai","authors":"Xinbei Wang ,&nbsp;ChengHe Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces enhance residents’ physical and mental health, but rapid urbanization has constrained green space exposure (GSE). While studies highlight the need for multidimensional GSE quantification, many lack methods to assess sufficiency or account for spatial heterogeneity in influencing factors. This study evaluates block-level GSE in central Shanghai using a deficiency-sufficiency framework and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to analyze green space availability, accessibility, and visibility. Key findings include: (1) Green Coverage Ratio (GCR) is higher in the west and lower in the east, with low values concentrated in the central area, Park Accessibility Index (PAI) has high-value clusters in the southwest and north, and Green View Index (GVI) shows low-value clusters primarily within and near the Middle Ring Road, high-value clusters dominate peripheral areas. (2) Few blocks meet sufficiency standards across all dimensions, with GCR identified as the most deficient dimension, accounting for nearly half of all blocks. (3) MGWR analysis reveals positive correlations of both GCR and GVI with housing price, negative correlations with building density, and mixed effects of road density on PAI. Recommendations emphasize the critical role of GSE in urban planning, advocating for the promotion of pocket parks, vertical greening, and green roofs, and integrating green space planning with transit-oriented development to optimize distribution. This study offers insights for improving GSE in dense urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113494"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of impervious surface expansion morphology on ecosystem services and thresholds in the Haihe River basin","authors":"Yang Gu ,&nbsp;Yujia Chen ,&nbsp;Dongdong Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Shunqi Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of impervious surface areas (ISA) has a profound impact on basin ecosystem services (ES). However, the relationship between impervious surface expansion morphology (ISEM) and ES remains insufficiently studied. This study focused on the Haihe River Basin (HRB) and first quantified ISEM from three dimensions i.e. patch scale, shape complexity, and spatial aggregation. The InVEST model was then employed to assess ES, including habitat quality, carbon storage, water yield, and soil conservation, followed by the calculation of comprehensive ecosystem service (CES). Subsequently, GeoDetector and restricted cubic spline were employed to analyze the drivers, interactions, and threshold effects of ISEM on CES. Finally, an analysis of variance was conducted to identify ISEM profiles for regions with different CES levels, offering a basis for basin zoning and planning. The results indicated that: (1) All ISEM indicators had a significant impact on CES. Notably, during the period from 2002 to 2022, the euclidean nearest-neighbor distance mean (ENN_MN) showed the largest influence on CES, with q-values of 0.601, 0.586, and 0.561, respectively; (2) Except for mean shape index (SHAPE_MN), other ISEM indicators showed significant nonlinear relationships with CES (p &lt; 0.001), with their impact on CES changing after exceeding certain thresholds; and (3) ISEM profiles exhibited contrasting differences between regions with high and low CES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113493"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction analysis and control strategies on coupling coordination between low-carbon transportation and high-quality economic development in the backward U-shaped bend metropolitan area of the Yellow River Basin","authors":"Wang Wei ,&nbsp;Mo Yuan-rui ,&nbsp;Guan Lei ,&nbsp;Gong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coordinated development of the economy and low-carbon transportation in ecologically sensitive areas has always been a persistent challenge for urban development. Optimizing the low-carbon transportation system is critical for achieving high-quality economic development in a typical ecologically sensitive region, the backward U-shaped bend metropolitan area (BUBMA) of the Yellow River Basin. With the acceleration of China’s Dual Carbon targets, understanding the interactive relationship between low-carbon transportation (LCT) and high-quality economic development (HQED) is an essential prerequisite for advancing ecological protection and implementing high-quality development strategies. This study explores the coupling coordination problem and its prediction and regulatory strategies during the spatiotemporal evolution of LCT and HQED in the BUBMA by employing methods such as the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD), Monte Carlo simulation (MC), and Grey prediction.</div><div>The findings reveal the following: (1) The comprehensive indices of 15 cities exhibit significant disparities during the entire research period, characterized by high values in the central region and low values at both ends for LCT, while HQED demonstrates a transition from an evident “olive-shaped” spatial pattern to one marked by high values in the south and low values in the north. (2) The proposed CCD prediction framework can offer an objective reflection of future trends. The CCDs of these 15 cities have shown a growth trend, with the average CCD projected to reach the stage of barely coordinated development（0.554）by 2030. (3) Four key indicators，which include the share of non-fossil energy consumption, highway network density, air passenger traffic per 10,000 people and high-speed rail mileage per 10,000 people, have significant positive driving effects on the development of LCT. The comprehensive regulatory strategies for these influencing factors are proposed based on forecast and target scenarios. The empirical findings provide important insights for optimizing the CCD and its regulation strategies of these two systems, thus providing guidance for formulating coordinated development policies and sustainable governance strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113521"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of vegetation responses to diverse water sources in the Yangtze River Basin: Insights from meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought","authors":"Sijing Cui ,&nbsp;Jun Gao ,&nbsp;Fengyun Sun ,&nbsp;Gen Li ,&nbsp;Yue Che","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the intricate link between water availability and vegetation growth is crucial for preserving ecosystem vitality and facilitating global carbon cycling. The Yangtze River Basin (YRB) features vast subtropical forests, which are vital for global hydrological, carbon, and energy flows. Investigating the influence of the water supply on vegetation dynamics in this basin is crucial, particularly in light of the challenges posed by climate change. However, the response of vegetation to different water sources remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this study explores the influence of precipitation, surface runoff, and soil water on vegetation growth in the YRB via hydrologic modelling and remote sensing data from 2003 to 2021. The results revealed a decreasing trend in drought-prone areas. The overall vegetation growth has progressively improved despite challenges posed by water scarcity. More areas in the YRB are affected by water shortages than surpluses in terms of vegetation growth. During the growing season, vegetation is primarily affected by water shortage, although in exceptional cases, it is constrained by excess water, which typically occurs during the nongrowing season. In the upper and middle Jinsha River Basin, vegetation growth is primarily restricted by water surpluses, while in the middle and lower YRB, constraints commonly arise from water deficits. Additionally, surface runoff and soil moisture play more significant roles in influencing vegetation growth than precipitation. By revealing the dynamics of the vegetation–water correlation, our research aims to provide valuable insights for managing the dynamic balance between water and vegetation in subtropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 113524"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}