Ecological Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of ecological security pattern construction: Current status, evolution, and development trends","authors":"Rui Shu ,&nbsp;Guoqing Ma ,&nbsp;Yebin Zou ,&nbsp;Na Guo ,&nbsp;Huizhe Su ,&nbsp;Guiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of effective ecological security patterns is crucial for sustaining ecosystem health and preserving the functionality of ecological services. This approach is vital for improving human well-being and protecting ecological security. This study employs bibliometric analysis to examine the topic of ecological security pattern construction, with a systematic review of 823 articles published from 2000 to 2024, analyzed from quantitative and visual angles. The analysis uncovers research progress, identifies hotspots, and outlines key themes. The findings show that China has a substantial lead in publication numbers (77.02%), with Europe dominating in terms of average citations per paper. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany are leaders in international collaboration, with over 50% of their publications being collaborative efforts. The primary outlets for these publications are top-tier and open-access journals, with <em>Ecological Indicators</em> topping both the publication count and citation frequency. The study’s main themes encompass ecological security, ecosystem services, conservation planning, urban growth boundaries, ecological corridors, ecological networks, and green infrastructure. The study elucidates research progress and gaps through a closed-loop construction process of ecological security assessment—source identification—corridor extraction—effectiveness evaluation. Finally, the paper proposes three key directions for future ecological security pattern construction: integrity, scale, and dynamism. This study aids researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of the current state of ecological security pattern construction research and provides historical references for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112754"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability of trace metals in sediments from Daya bay nature reserve: Spatial variation, controlling factors and the exposure risk assessment for aquatic biota","authors":"Zexing Kuang ,&nbsp;Zhen Shi ,&nbsp;Huijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Sen Du ,&nbsp;Haixing Gong ,&nbsp;Qingxia Liu ,&nbsp;Yangguang Gu ,&nbsp;Zhengqiu Fan ,&nbsp;Honghui Huang ,&nbsp;Shoubing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the ecological risk and environmental significance of trace metal bioavailability is critical for the sustainability of the marine environment and bioresources. The spatial variation, controlling factors and ecological risks of the bioavailability of trace metals (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) in Daya Bay sediments were analyzed using BCR sequential extraction and diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT). Differences in concentration distributions between the anthropogenic impact zone (AIZ) and the marine disturbance zone (MDZ) revealed the accumulation of anthropogenic metals in sediments, and that the ocean dynamic conditions promoted the release of bioavailable metals from nature sediments. Fine-grained sediments rich in organic matter possessed more bioavailable metals on the surface. The negative correlations between salinity and the non-residual fractions (F123) suggests that salinity has the potential to inhibit the bioavailability of trace metals. Risk assessment based on total concentrations and acid soluble fractions (F1) showed that Cd was the dominant contributing element to the potential ecological risks with 55.8 %. The evaluation via DGT-labile concentrations indicated that Cu was the element of priority concern for aquatic exposure risk with a risk probability of 7.45 %, and the joint risk probability for metal mixture toxicity was 12.27 %. The exposure risk for aquatic biota was shown as molluscs (9.37 %) &gt; algae (6.82 %) &gt; crustaceans (6.21 %) &gt; invertebrates (6.07 %) &gt; fish (2.61 %). The results provide new clues for risk assessment and management of trace metals in coastal sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112789"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework of composite factors for assessing ecosystem service supply drivers: A sustainable socio-ecological perspective","authors":"Chang You ,&nbsp;Hongjiao Qu ,&nbsp;Luo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying the coupled relationship between social-ecological systems (SES) provides a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of human activity on ecosystems, thereby facilitating the formulation of more rational environmental protection policies. A deeper understanding of this relationship can promote the sustainable utilization and management of the environment. With its abundant natural resources, Ganzhou City represents the most typical ecological location in the southern hilly region of China. In this study, we constructed a sustainable framework for composite factors to analyze their effects on the ecosystem services supply (ESS). This framework emphasizes the positive roles assessment indicators such as water, forests, lakes, grasslands, and governance have on ESS, which are directly linked to the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15, which include forest conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and water resource management. The results indicate that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the overall ESS index in the central and western regions of Ganzhou showed a trend of being lower in the north and higher in the south, with areas outside the central and western regions showing a yearly increase. (2) Water, forest, lake, grassland, and governance indicators have a positive impact on the total ESS, while indicators such as mountains, sand, society, and actors have a negative impact. (3) From 2005 to 2020, the coupling coordination relationship in the central-northern and southern regions of Ganzhou gradually strengthened, with most areas shifting from a dysfunctional state to a low coupling state. By 2030, the total ESS index in counties such as Ningdu, Yudu, Huichang, Chongyi, and Xunwu is expected to decline. Some northeastern and southern regions are projected to show an upward trend by 2035. This study will significantly contribute to the realization of SDG 15, as it integrates closely related composite factors into a sustainable SES framework, by further delving into the factors influencing ESS and providing practical guidance for achieving SDGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112811"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing agri-environmental strategies to reduce pesticide concentrations in surface drinking water sources, Coastal Charente River basin, SW France","authors":"Odile Phelpin ,&nbsp;Françoise Vernier ,&nbsp;Kévin Petit ,&nbsp;David Carayon","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most surface water bodies are deteriorating, resulting in health risks and environmental damage. This study aimed to assess the performance of the modeled agri-environmental transition scenarios for restoring freshwater quality within the protection perimeter of strategic surface water drinking water catchments. Realistic agri-environmental scenarios with combined agronomic orientations were tested using a well-calibrated ecohydrological model. Their performance was quantified based on pesticide concentration reductions in freshwater bodies, focusing on temporal and spatial variability, using non-parametric tests. Our results show that it is possible to differentiate cropping mitigation scenarios according to their ability to limit pesticide transfers, taking into account the most influential biogeochemical factors in the catchment, their agronomic orientation, and their progressive implementation. Our study is also applicable to other contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112802"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of short-term nitrogen addition, watering, and mowing on soil nematode community in poisonous weed type degraded grasslands","authors":"Shuqi Liu ,&nbsp;Dong Cui ,&nbsp;Jianghui Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global changes in nitrogen deposition, precipitation patterns and land use could have an impact on soil biotas. Soil nematodes are important indicators of ecosystem function in degraded grasslands, and how global climate change affect soil nematode communities in degraded grasslands with poisonous weeds needs further study. This study conducted a control experiment on degraded grasslands with <em>Sophora alopecuroides</em> as a single dominant species. We set up a total of eight treatments, which are no nitrogen, no watering, no mowing (CK), nitrogen addition (N treatment), watering (W treatment), mowing (M treatment), nitrogen × watering (NW treatment), nitrogen × mowing (NM treatment), watering × mowing (WM treatment), nitrogen × watering × mowing (NWM treatment). We analyzed the patterns of change in nematode abundance, richness, ecological indices, and co-occurrence networks, as well as the relationships among nematode trophic taxa, soil salinity, and plants. Our results showed that: (1) <em>Paratylenchus</em> and <em>Acrobeles</em> were the main dominant genera. NW treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of plant parasites and significantly decreased the relative abundance of bacterivores. (2) N and NWM treatments increased nematode community network complexity. W, M, and WM treatments decreased nematode community network complexity. (3) Plant Parasites and Bacterivores nematodes community composition were significantly correlated with the structural characteristics of <em>S. alopecuroides</em> (biomass, height, coverage; biomass, height). Fungivores nematodes and Omnivores/Predators nematodes community composition were significantly correlated with soil salinity ions (Cl^-, Mg²⁺; SO₄^2-). (4) The average degree (characterizing the interaction intensity among nematodes genera and sparsity-density of the nematode ecological network) was significantly positively correlated with soil multifunctionality. In addition, the interaction of nitrogen and watering addition on the abundance of different feeding nematodes than nitrogen and watering addition alone. Mowing can alleviate the negative effects of nitrogen addition and watering on soil food webs. Our study suggested that there are complex interactions between soil nematodes and environmental factors in grassland ecosystems, and provided new insights for understanding the impact of global change on the formation and change of soil fauna diversity in poisonous weed type degraded grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112782"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and prospects for constructing ecological security pattern based on ecological network","authors":"Xu Dong ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Meichen Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global ecological problems become increasingly prominent, the construction of ecological security pattern (ESP) has become particularly important for ensuring regional ecological security, coordinating social and economic development, and improving the livelihood and well-being of people. ESP construction based on source-resistance surface-corridor-node information has become the main research paradigm. In this study, the literature analysis method is employed to obtain relevant ESP research results systematically from the perspectives of conceptual connotations, construction methods, evaluations and regulations. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Over time, dynamic pattern construction has become a research hotspot; spatially, less attention has been given to areas with multi-scale and cross-administrative boundary. (2) The ESP construction method is relatively mature, but shortcomings remain, such as the neglect of small-scale but important ecological sources, insufficient consideration of species living habits, lack of research on corridor heterogeneity, and inadequate field surveys and visits. (3) Qualitative ESP evaluation focuses on analyzing the rationality and accuracy of the delineated ecological sources. In contrast, quantitative ESP evaluation focuses on the connectivity, accessibility and robustness of ecological network (EN), which has been more widely applied. Multilevel regulation can promote the implementation of ESP. Future research should focus on (1) selecting ecosystem services on the basis of local conditions and considering trade-offs and synergistic relationships, (2) deepening research on the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem services and accurate construction of EN, and (3) introducing machine learning to achieve intelligent ESP construction. This paper provides directions for future research, outlines new ideas for the systematic and rigorous construction of ESP and promotes more in-depth and practical global ecological civilization construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112800"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking mangrove light use efficiency using normalized difference red edge index","authors":"Yanjie Liu ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity of mangrove carbon fluxes makes it difficult to accurately assess mangrove carbon budgets at both site and regional scales. The light use efficiency (LUE) model provides a promising remote sensing approach, however, the lack of robust spectral metrics for tracking mangrove LUE hinders the integration of carbon flux and remote sensing measurements. To close this gap, here we examined the potential of six relevant spectral metrics, including red edge position, red edge reflectance, red valley reflectance, green peak reflectance, normalized difference vegetation index, and normalized difference red edge index (NDRE), for tracking canopy LUE based on two-year (2021–2022) simultaneous measurements of tower-based hyperspectral and eddy covariance (EC) data in a subtropical mangrove of southeastern China. The results indicated that mangrove LUE had strong daily and seasonal variations with the value down-regulated by increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature. The canopy spectral reflectance curve changed seasonally showing elevated reflectance with increasing VPD over the entire visible/red-edge bands. Among the spectral metrics, NDRE was found to be the only statistically significant correlated to LUE at both daily and monthly scales, showing a positive and linear NDRE-LUE linkage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the links between mangrove LUE and red edge-related spectral metrics across temporal scales using simultaneous hyperspectral and EC measurements. The NDRE-LUE linkage confirmed here provides a basis for establishing robust remote sensing approaches to map mangrove LUE and carbon fluxes with ready-available satellite data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112774"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil moisture variation and affecting factors analysis in the Zhangjiakou–Chengde district based on modified temperature vegetation dryness index","authors":"Jintao Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Jin ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Jie Lang ,&nbsp;Xiulan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important water conservation and sand–wind barrier, the Zhangjiakou–Chengde district (ZC) is highly important for ecological protection in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. The research on the variation in soil moisture and its affecting factors is important for early drought warning and the improvement of environmental protection. Based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets, the spatiotemporal variation in surface soil moisture in the ZC was simulated from 2001 to 2021 using the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) model. The optimal parameter geographical detector (OPGD) method was used to identify the contributions of 10 factors affecting soil moisture. The results indicate that soil moisture generally fluctuated during 2001–2021. Six phases were identified. Spatially, the soil moisture was higher in the east and lower in the western part of the study area. Approximately 83.09 % of the district experienced a progressive increase in soil moisture. The future soil moisture dynamics trend indicates that 62.98 % of the ZC would shift from dry to wet conditions. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, land use types, slope, elevation, temperature, aspect, sand content, silt content, and clay content were analyzed to determine their effects on the soil moisture variation. The interaction analysis revealed that the effect of multiple factors was higher than that of the individual factors. The synergistic interaction between NDVI and elevation had the highest influence on soil moisture. The results of the risk detector showed that the NDVI, precipitation, elevation, slope, and clay content contributed to soil moisture. Meanwhile, the temperature and sand content contributed to soil moisture in the converse manner. The research on soil moisture variations and its impact factors on the ZC has high significance for the efficient utilization of water resources and eco–environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112775"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying environmental drivers of vegetation condition in a temperate ecosystem can improve detection of management impacts","authors":"Johanna G. Kuhne ,&nbsp;Patrick J. O’Connor ,&nbsp;Jasmin G. Packer ,&nbsp;Thomas A.A. Prowse","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disentangling the effects of environmental variation and management actions on vegetation condition is increasingly important given increasing efforts to tackle biodiversity loss and the advent of environmental accounting programs. The Mount Lofty Ranges (South Australia) contains temperate ecosystems supporting rich but threatened biodiversity. Using 15 years of vegetation monitoring, we quantified drivers of and trends in four indicators of vegetation health; native species richness, vegetation structure, regeneration, tree habitat quality, and two indicators of vegetation threats; grazing pressure and weed species richness. After correcting for differences between vegetation communities, we found all indicators were significantly associated with environmental variables. Seasonal effects were found for native and weed species richness and vegetation structure with peaks in spring. Significant spatial effects for native and weed species richness, vegetation structure and grazing scores reflect historic and current land use. Rainfall in the year before a survey resulted in higher native and weed species richness and higher grazing scores. To demonstrate the application of model-based correction factors when monitoring vegetation change in this system, we simulated a management-induced native species gain and tested the capacity of different before-after survey regimes to detect this gain under environmental variability. Across sites, model-based corrections increased the probability of detecting the simulated gain by c. 8% and reduced the variance in this probability approximately six-fold. Our results quantify the effects of environmental drivers on vegetation in the study region and highlight the improved capacity to detect the true effects of management actions through model-based adjustments for environmental drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112783"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Scenario land cover changes and carbon emissions prediction for peak carbon emissions in the Yellow River Basin, China","authors":"Haipeng Niu ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Dongyang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on future land cover changes and carbon emissions is essential for effective land resource management and developing feasible carbon mitigation strategies. This study focused on the Yellow River Basin and employed the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to project future land cover and carbon emissions. Additionally, bivariate spatial autocorrelation was utilized to analyze the relationship between them. Key findings are as follows: 1) Historically, the Yellow River Basin has experienced an expansion in construction land, forests, grasslands, and water, while cropland and unused land have diminished. Notably, construction land displayed the most significant changes, whereas grasslands showed minimal modification. Looking ahead, both the ecological protection and inertial development scenarios exhibit consistent trends with historical patterns across the land type categories. In contrast, the economic priority development scenario forecasts an increase in construction land, cropland, and grasslands, indicating a distinct shift compared to the other scenarios. However, the ecological protection scenario proves to be more sustainable. 2) In the absence of intervention, the simulated carbon emissions from construction land throughout the basin display a linear increase across various scenarios, with provincial-level variations showing an increase from southwest to northeast. However, Henan and Sichuan are expected to experience slower reductions in carbon emissions, compared to other projections. There is a notable positive correlation between carbon emissions and the comprehensive index, indicating that regions with high emissions typically experience substantial land and economic development. 3) Energy consumption projections for 2030 and 2060 indicate that to align with China’s carbon goals, it is essential to reduce energy consumption and adjust the fossil to non-fossil fuel ratio to reduce carbon emissions. Substituting coal with clean energy and enhancing energy efficiency will be more effective for achieving low-carbon emission targets. In summary, this study provides significant guidance for China’s ecological conservation, low-carbon emission strategies, and global carbon emission control efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112794"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}