Ecological Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Anthropogenically driven changes of organic matter input to small shallow lake sediments in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, over the past 200 years","authors":"Huan Fu ,&nbsp;Kunshan Bao ,&nbsp;Yongdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyzing organic matter (OM) input patterns to lake sediments influenced by various types and intensities of human activities is crucial for predicting lake organic carbon (OC) burial under future intensified human interventions. However, such studies remain scarce in small, shallow lakes, although these lakes have high OC burial potential. Here, historical transformation of OM input to sediments of four lakes (LJP, KQP, XLHP, and TLH) from the Songnen Plain (SNP) was determined by paleolimnological methods. A generally comparable OM input pattern was observed across the four lakes over the past ∼ 200 years with unique peculiarities in each lake. Before ∼ 1920 CE, low abundances of short- and middle-chain <em>n</em>-alkanes and high abundances of long-chain <em>n</em>-alkanes, coupled with low aquatic macrophyte input (Paq) values and high terrestrial/aquatic ratio (TAR) suggested dominant terrestrial inputs and limited autochthonous aquatic OM, likely due to minimal human impacts and low nutrient supply. During 1920–1950 CE, increased long-chain <em>n</em>-alkane abundances and TAR indicated amplified terrestrial OM input, driven by intensified soil runoff from agricultural expansion. In Lakes KQP and TLH, elevated short-chain <em>n</em>-alkane abundances indicated a greater input from phytoplankton, probably resulting from early lake eutrophication due to excessive input of nutrient-rich black soil. A further transformation of OM input was recorded since 1950 CE, rising short- and middle-chain <em>n</em>-alkane abundances and Paq values suggested increased inputs from phytoplankton and submerged macrophytes, driven by the notable lake eutrophication from intensified agriculture and fertiliser use. This trend peaked in 2000 CE, reflecting a further intensification of OM input from phytoplankton and submerged plants, probably a result of accelerated lake eutrophication due to aquaculture and tourism-related nutrient discharge. The anthropogenically driven complex and nonlinear transformation of OM inputs to lake sediments provides critical insights for predicting OC sequestration in small shallow lakes under future environmental scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113507"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of water ecological health in shallow lakes: A new framework based on water resource-environment-ecology","authors":"Yanru Tao,&nbsp;Qiujin Xu,&nbsp;Mingke Luo,&nbsp;Wenjing Dong,&nbsp;Yan Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In lake ecosystems, human disturbances can severely damage ecological integrity, particularly in shallow lakes. Existing research on water ecological health (WEH) assessment has often overlooked critical aspects such as water resources, water environment, and water ecology, which makes the previous research methods less effective. Therefore, it is essential to explore a new framework for addressing the challenges of WEH assessment in shallow lakes. In this study, Taihu Lake in China between 2011 and 2023 was used as a case study. This paper first constructed a new framework based on water resource-environment-ecology (WREE), which includes seven key indices, and the reasons for this change were explored. Additionally, the eutrophication assessment and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) evaluation method were employed to assess the effectiveness of this new approach framework. The results show that the water quality in Taihu Lake improved to a certain extent from 2011 − 2023, whereas eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms have not significantly improved, and WEH has been classified into the medium state (level III). In particular, the WEH values were relatively low in 2013 and 2017, and showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2020 to 2023, which may be attributed to meteorological factors and human activities leading to an increase in pollution-tolerant species and a decrease in biodiversity, ultimately resulting in a deterioration of WEH. The long-term WEH assessment results for Taihu Lake highlight the applicability of the framework based on the WREE, and can be widely applied to similar lake ecosystems but are not applicable to short-term seasonal variations. Given the impacts of increased human activities and climate change, the WREE framework provides valuable insights for the sustainable development and effective management of lake ecosystems, while also enhancing the existing WEH assessment theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113498"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The carbon tug-of-war: Assessing Dongjiang waterfront’s carbon neutrality potential in the battle between emissions and sinks","authors":"Mengni Zhang,&nbsp;Pingting Hu,&nbsp;Jingxian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban waterfronts occupy a pivotal position in the “carbon tug-of-war”, balancing the dual challenges of rising carbon emissions and declining sink capacities. This study investigates the Dongjiang waterfront in Dongguan City to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon sources and sinks, employing the PLES (Production-Living-Ecological Spaces) framework, the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology)<!--> <!-->model, grey relational analysis (GRA) method, and the GM (1,1) (Grey Model First-Order One-Variable) model. The findings reveal three key insights: (1) Shifting balance in the carbon struggle: From 2000 to 2022, carbon sink capacity declined by 47.6 %, while total emissions rose to 1.17 million tons, with per capita emissions reaching 5.30 tons, highlighting an increasing imbalance in the emissions-sink competition; (2) Nonlinear carbon sink dynamics: Contrary to a gradual decline, carbon sinks—particularly aquatic ecosystems—exhibit abrupt tipping points due to urbanization and industrial expansion. After an initial sharp drop, sink capacity temporarily stabilized before entering a phase of accelerated deterioration, reflecting intensifying ecological stress in the emissions-sinks battle; and (3) Spatial disparities &amp; emission drivers: A significant proportion of emissions originates from urban-industrial areas, while rural areas contribute minimally to carbon sink. Key emission drivers include urbanization (+1.402 %), energy consumption (+0.095 %), and population density (+0.201 %), whereas waterfront ecological space helps mitigate emissions (−0.147 %). To address these multifaceted challenges, the study proposes the 5R framework—Reduction, Reuse, Recycling, Rethink, and Repair, integrating emissions reduction with ecological restoration as a strategy for sustainable waterfront development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113481"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cropland encroachment on ecological land in Mainland Southeast Asia leads to massive carbon emissions","authors":"Danni Su ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Zongqi Peng ,&nbsp;Run Sun ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Yang ,&nbsp;Lusha Ma ,&nbsp;Jingcong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) is essential to the global carbon cycle. Balancing cropland expansion and ecological land protection amid population and economic growth is urgent. This study simulated MSEA’s land use patterns under SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP2-RCP4.5, and SSP5-RCP8.5 using the PLUS model with data from 1992 to 2022. Based on historical and future land use data and carbon density data for each land use type, the spatial and temporal changes in the encroachment of cropland on ecological land (E&amp;C) and the resulting carbon emissions were analysed using the carbon stock loss method. The results showed that cropland encroached on 100,413.27 km² of ecological land in MSEA over 30 years, causing 27.44 × 10⁸ t of CO₂ emissions, which accounts for 17.46 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions (data source: Our World in Data) in MSEA during the same period. Among these, Myanmar and Vietnam are the main contributing countries. Taking 2012 as the node, the E&amp;C in MSEA is categorised into the early stage (1992–2012) and the late stage (2012–2022). Earlier, 57,253.86 km² of ecological land was encroached, causing a carbon stock loss of 4.29 × 10⁸t and 15.73 × 10⁸t of CO₂ emissions. Later, cropland encroached on 54,549.09 km² of ecological land, causing a carbon stock loss of 4.03 × 10⁸t and 14.81 × 10⁸t of CO₂ emissions. CO₂ emissions from E&amp;C accounted for 19.01 % and 18.44 % of total greenhouse gas emissions in the early and late stage, respectively. The largest carbon stock loss is in forests and shrublands. Under SSP1-RCP2.6, converting cropland to ecological land increases carbon stocks by 1.58 × 10⁸t, offsetting 5.79 × 10⁸t of CO₂ emissions. However, under SSP2-RCP4.5 and SSP5-RCP8.5, carbon stocks decreased by 1.59 × 10⁸t and 0.78 × 10⁸t, leading to CO₂ emissions of 5.83 × 10⁸t and 2.87 × 10⁸t, respectively. MSEA countries should adopt SSP1-RCP2.6, manage cropland expansion, balance economic development with ecological preservation, and strengthen international cooperation to address climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113505"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on carbon emission spatial network and carbon emission reduction collaboration in urban agglomerations","authors":"Yongqiang Dong ,&nbsp;Lanjian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collaborative carbon reduction in urban agglomerations is imperative under China’s regional integration development strategy and dual-carbon goals. However, whether existing collaborative requirements align with the spatially networked reality of carbon emissions and deliver expected effects remains unclear, hindering deeper coordination. This study evaluates the status of carbon reduction collaboration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration through collaborative quantity and intensity dimensions. Social network analysis reveals the carbon emission spatial network structure, while a collaborative quantity/centrality versus intensity/centrality scatter plot assesses their alignment. QAP analysis tests collaborative efficacy. It finds that collaboration exhibits a core-periphery structure dominated by central cities, driven by inspections, framework agreements, and cooperation agreements, with peripheral cities compensating low participation through intensity-driven catch-up effects. The carbon emission network displays pronounced core-periphery characteristics with growing complexity, where core cities control regional emission flows while peripheral cities show limited influence, forming distinct net spillovers and agents. Mismatches exist between collaboration patterns and emission networks: central cities dominate cooperation, while peripheral cities lack initiative; intensity polarization and provincial-level mini-clubs prevail. Collaboration exerts no significant impact on emission network formation due to entrenched core-periphery power hierarchies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113487"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphibians reveal unexpectedly large differences in potential climate change responses among ecologically similar habitat specialists","authors":"Sky T. Button ,&nbsp;Donald J. Brown ,&nbsp;Jonah Piovia-Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is substantially impacting earth’s biodiversity, with a massive number of affected species that are difficult to study comprehensively. An “indicator species” approach that generalizes species-specific climate change impacts to broader groups (e.g., ecological groups) could theoretically help overcome this challenge and streamline climate-smart conservation planning. We assessed this approach’s viability using four specialist amphibians (<em>Ascaphus montanus</em>, <em>Dicamptodon copei, Plethodon idahoensis</em>, and <em>Plethodon vandykei</em>), for which we expected convergent forecasted trajectories under climate change given that all four species belong to the same group of narrowly groundwater-dependent amphibians in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Using boosted regression trees, we constructed species distribution models (SDMs) for each species and (if applicable) major intraspecific lineage, then forecasted species’ trajectories under two climate change scenarios (SSP370 and SSP585) and timeframes (mid-century and late-century). Contrary to our expectation, potential trajectories varied widely among species; most notably, a late-century three-fold potential gain in highly-suitable areas for <em>P. idahoensis</em> was contrasted with a potential three-fold loss for the sister species <em>P. vandykei</em>. Further, lineage-specific SDMs for <em>P. vandykei</em> suggested negligible climate change vulnerability for coastal populations but major vulnerability for Cascades populations. Thus, divergent climate change projections persisted even at an intraspecific scale. Based on our findings, the use of climate change “indicator species” to represent broader groups can be misleading, even within narrowly-defined groups wherein organisms have considerable genetic and ecological overlaps. Lastly, species-tailored variables (e.g., stream or cliff-face seep refugial properties) had consistently high explanatory power, yet many lacked the necessary data to forecast future species’ trajectories, highlighting an important future research need.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113488"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on habitat suitability and ecological network of rare cranes in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve","authors":"Haifeng Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Dong ,&nbsp;Zhili Xu ,&nbsp;Jinji Ma ,&nbsp;Fei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve (PLNNR) is the most important reserve for wintering migratory birds in the Poyang Lake basin. The analysis of the spatial distribution of rare crane habitats and their response mechanisms to environmental variables is crucial for the conservation and restoration of both species and habitats. This study focuses on the rare crane species in the PLNNR, including Siberian Cranes (<em>Grus leucogeranus</em>), Hooded Cranes (<em>Grus monacha</em>), White-naped Cranes (<em>Grus vipio</em>) and Common Cranes (<em>Grus grus</em>). Based on occurrence data and environmental variables, the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model was used to analyze the habitat suitability of the four crane species and to discuss their response mechanisms to key environmental variables. In addition, an ecological network was constructed for the four crane species using circuit theory and the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model. The research results indicated that the highly suitable habitats for the four crane species were distributed along the edges of lake wetlands, with an area ranging from 63.97 to 128.21 km², accounting for 15.31 to 30.69 %. The unsuitable areas were located in Wucheng town and along the waterways, with each area exceeding 25 %. Land use types, including reed beach, mudflat, waters, and cultivated land, were the main factors influencing crane habitat, with a contribution rate ranging from 15.9 to 36.3 %. In addition, the significant environmental variables varied among crane species. For the Siberian Crane, key factors included distance from grassland, aspect of slope, and distance from water. The Hooded Crane was primarily influenced by distance from water. The White-naped Crane was significantly affected by distance from grassland, cultivated land, and waterways. For the Common Crane, distance from water and construction land were the main influencing factors. Ecological networks were constructed for the four crane species and the PLNNR. The ecological network of the PLNNR consisted of 9 ecological sources, 13 ecological corridors, and 27 ecological nodes. Overall, the construction of the ecological network in the PLNNR was superior to that of individual crane species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113480"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobiological data as an indicator for invasive plants monitoring","authors":"Guillermo Guada ,&nbsp;Fernando Veiga-López ,&nbsp;María Fernández-González ,&nbsp;J. José Uzal-Dapena ,&nbsp;José Ángel Cid-Fernández ,&nbsp;F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between airborne pollen of the invasive species <em>Acacia dealbata</em> Link, climate factors, and its ground expansion is studied using aerobiological data and aerial photography to test if pollen data can be used as a tool to detect changes in the surface area of invasive species.</div><div>Airborne pollen monitoring was performed over a 31 years period (1994–2024). Additionally, eight years within this interval were selected for <em>Acacia</em> area measurement with high-resolution aerial imagery, based on the availability of photographs.</div><div>Aerial pollen recorded correlated significantly with maximum temperatures during the pre-peak period, stabilizing the correlation in the time series after 23 years. Additionally, the pollen integral showed an increasing trend that was not climate dependent. Mapped <em>Acacia</em> areas expanded from 200.2 ha in 1994 to 273.7 ha in 2024, a 36.7 % increase reflected in the increase of pollen levels, reaching a 2.3-fold rise.</div><div><em>Acacia</em> stabilizes and even reduces its surface during the last years of study. The interaction of pollen recorded in pre-peak period and maximum temperature explains 77 % of the invasion of <em>Acacia</em> surface variation, with an estimated area error of 16.51 ha. It is concluded that <em>Acacia</em> pollen serves as a new indicator to monitor <em>Acacia</em> surface and reconstruct its cover in the absence of high-resolution aerial images. Monitoring pollen concentrations in the atmosphere constitutes a useful tool for the management of invasive species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113483"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance matters: Quantifying the influence of urban land use change and development proximity on land surface temperature in Sari, Iran","authors":"Mohsen RoohaniQadikolaei ,&nbsp;Fatemeh RoohaniQadikolaei ,&nbsp;Ali Soltani ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Misaghi ,&nbsp;Nader Zali","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of urban areas has led to significant land use changes, affecting local climate systems, particularly through an increase in Land Surface Temperature. This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of Urban Land Use Changes, and its impact on temperature patterns, using Landsat imagry and advanced GIS techniques to analyze changes in LST over 10 years in Sari, Iran. The results indicate 3 °C increase in average LST over 10 years, with maximum temperatures rising from 53 °C to 56 °C. A clear gradient in LST was observed, with areas closer to the spots with land use change experiencing more temperature increase in the temperature. The further distance to transportation infrastructure showed the strongest cooling effect, with proximity reducing LST significantly. Conversely, increased distance to gardens and green infrastructure were associated with higher LST. These findings emphasize the critical role of land use transformation in mitigating or worsening urban surface tempreature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113386"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially varying population indices","authors":"Jonas Knape","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large scale monitoring is fundamental for reliably tracking the fate of animal populations under changing environments and land-use practices. A common application of large scale population monitoring data is to produce indices of temporal change in species abundances, which are used in environmental policy assessments of species and biodiversity statuses. For index estimation, spatio-temporal models can be used to take advantage of the spatial component of large scale data in order to better capture and understand spatial variation in population change. This paper presents a generalized approach to estimating indices of relative population change across different spatial and temporal scales from fits of spatio-temporal models to population monitoring data. Using flexible specifications of baselines for indices, the approach can be used for a range of different comparisons of abundance across space and time, aggregated at small as well as large spatial and short as well as long term temporal scales. This is illustrated in an application to Swedish monitoring data of the common cuckoo, for which we estimate a range of national, county-wise and fine scale indices. An R-package, spotr, that aids computation of indices from fitted models accompanies the paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 113435"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}