Ecological Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of different forest fire management policies and fuel treatment models on forest fire risk in boreal forest of China","authors":"Tongxin Hu,&nbsp;Zibo Xu,&nbsp;Cheng Yu,&nbsp;Xu Dou,&nbsp;Yujing Zhang,&nbsp;Long Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest fuels are the material basis of forest fires and the main factor in the spread of fires. The current global warming has led to an increase in the effective fuel load in the global boreal forests, and the long-term implementation of the fire suppression policy will lead to a continuous accumulation of fuels in the forests, which will further increase the likelihood of the occurrence of mega-forest fires and the risk of such fires. This challenge has prompted different countries and regions to shift away from monolithic fire suppression policies to practising effective fuel regulation measures in order to strike a balance between reducing the risk of wildfires and protecting ecosystems. This study utilises the LANDIS PRO model to investigate the effects of fire management policies and fuel regulation measures on fire risk in high-latitude boreal forest region of China over 100 years using a 10-year time step. The results show that (1) Fire suppression policies accelerate the accumulation of coarse and fine fuels (by 19.05 % and 9.28 %, respectively) and increase the potential average fire intensity of the area (by 58.81 %) compared to no fire suppression policies; (2) Implementation of mechanical removal, prescribed burning and mechanical removal plus prescribed burning under the fire suppression policy reduces the area of high-intensity fires in the region and thus significantly reduces the forest fire risk (by 17.37 %, 13.37 %, and 21.18 %, respectively); (3) Implementing a fire suppression policy and mechanical removal plus prescribed burning on 3.0 % of the area every 15 years are supposed to be the optimal fuel treatment program for the region, which resulted in significant reductions in total area burned, and low, medium, and high-intensity area burned by 23.34, 26.23, 23.73, and 22.87 %, respectively, when compared to no fuel treatment. This study found that fire management policies have a greater impact on fire risk than fuel regulation measures and that reasonable fuel control can help reduce the area of high-intensity fires in the region. This study aids to provide a scientific basis and data support for formulating forest fire management policies and selecting fuel control methods in high-latitude boreal forests of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112806"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust hyperspectral estimation of eight leaf functional traits across different species and canopy layers in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest","authors":"Fangyuan Yu ,&nbsp;Yongru Wu ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Juyu Lian ,&nbsp;Zhuo Wu ,&nbsp;Wanhui Ye ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately estimating leaf functional traits across different species and canopy layers in subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forests remains a significant challenge due to the complexity of canopy structures and spectral noise. Although hyperspectral remote sensing holds substantial promise, existing methods struggle to deliver robust models capable of generalizing across diverse species and environmental conditions. This study aimed to develop a robust hyperspectral estimation approach for eight leaf traits across six species and three canopy layers, integrating successive projections algorithm (SPA) and random forest (RF) modeling. Utilizing 267 leaf samples and hyperspectral reflectance data acquired via a tower crane in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China, we demonstrated that the SPA-RF model, when applied to first derivative reflectance (FDR) data, significantly enhanced the accuracy and transferability of leaf trait estimations. The integration of SPA for wavelength selection and RF for modeling represented a robust approach, effectively mitigating the complexities introduced by species diversity and canopy heterogeneity. Leaf trait estimations derived from upper canopy layer samples generally yielded greater precision than those from lower and middle layers. Furthermore, species adapted to high-light environments (sun-tolerant) offered more accurate estimations than those adapted to low-light conditions (shade-tolerant). Among the eight leaf traits studied, flavonoid content, nitrogen balance index, and SPAD (relative leaf chlorophyll content) values emerged as more reliably estimated compared to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, equivalent water thickness, and specific leaf area. These findings illuminate the influence of canopy layer and species-specific traits on the precision of leaf trait estimations using hyperspectral remote sensing. The study’s insights emphasize the need for species- and canopy layer-specific approaches in ecological monitoring and conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112818"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning approach for Studying the multifunctionality of soil against global climate changes","authors":"Xiangng Hu ,&nbsp;Yingying Xie ,&nbsp;Qixing Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) represents the soil biodiversity and the soil capacity for sustainable development. Due to the high heterogeneity of climate and land use changes, mapping the patterns of global soil EMF in the past and future is necessary and challenging. EMF data from 790 sampling points worldwide were analyzed using a random forest algorithm with SHAP analysis, partial dependence analysis and structural equation modeling to elucidate driving mechanisms of soil EMF under global change and to forecast the global distribution of soil EMF. This also unveiled the interplay between climate and land use changes on EMF. This work revealed that EMF hotspots are distributed in the Caribbean, Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe and are twice as common in these areas than they are in western Asia, North Africa and South Asia. The interplay of multiple dominant factors has antagonistic or synergistic effects and generates tipping points, which are critical for understanding the change processes of EMFs. From 2007 to 2018, land use changes were the dominant factor leading to fluctuations in EMF. However, climate change will become the dominant factor in the future. Land use optimization can mitigate EMF fluctuations in response to climate change. Changes from deserts to grasslands in Africa and from forests to grasslands in Oceania can combat the decline in EMF induced by climate change by 2100. According to the distribution patterns of EMF and optimization, hotspot regions could be protected, and land use planning could be conducted to prevent the degeneration of soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112772"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping indicator species of segetal flora for result-based payments in arable land using UAV imagery and deep learning","authors":"Caterina Barrasso ,&nbsp;Robert Krüger ,&nbsp;Anette Eltner ,&nbsp;Anna F. Cord","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decline of segetal flora species across Europe, driven by intensified agricultural practices, is impacting other taxa and ecosystem functions. Result-based payments to farmers offer an effective solution to conserve these species, but the high cost of biodiversity monitoring remains a challenge. In this study, we conducted UAV flights with an RGB camera and used the deep learning model YOLO to detect these species in four winter barley fields under different management intensities in Germany. Field measurements of plant traits were used to evaluate their impact on species detectability. Additionally, we investigated the potential of spatial co-occurrence and canopy height heterogeneity to predict the presence of species difficult to detect by UAVs. We found that half of the species observed could be remotely detected, with a minimum ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.22 mm required for accurate annotation. The same detection ratio was estimated for key indicator species not present in our study area based on trait information. Plant height was crucial for species detection, with accuracy ranging between 49–100 %. YOLO models effectively predicted species from images taken at 40 m, reducing the monitoring time to eight minutes per hectare. Co-occurrence with UAV-detectable species and canopy height heterogeneity proved promising for identifying areas where undetectable species are likely to occur, although further research is needed for landscape-level applications. Our study highlights the potential for large-scale, cost-effective monitoring of segetal flora species in agricultural landscapes, and provides valuable insights for developing robust ‘smart indicators’ for future biodiversity monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112780"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of ecological security pattern construction: Current status, evolution, and development trends","authors":"Rui Shu ,&nbsp;Guoqing Ma ,&nbsp;Yebin Zou ,&nbsp;Na Guo ,&nbsp;Huizhe Su ,&nbsp;Guiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of effective ecological security patterns is crucial for sustaining ecosystem health and preserving the functionality of ecological services. This approach is vital for improving human well-being and protecting ecological security. This study employs bibliometric analysis to examine the topic of ecological security pattern construction, with a systematic review of 823 articles published from 2000 to 2024, analyzed from quantitative and visual angles. The analysis uncovers research progress, identifies hotspots, and outlines key themes. The findings show that China has a substantial lead in publication numbers (77.02%), with Europe dominating in terms of average citations per paper. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany are leaders in international collaboration, with over 50% of their publications being collaborative efforts. The primary outlets for these publications are top-tier and open-access journals, with <em>Ecological Indicators</em> topping both the publication count and citation frequency. The study’s main themes encompass ecological security, ecosystem services, conservation planning, urban growth boundaries, ecological corridors, ecological networks, and green infrastructure. The study elucidates research progress and gaps through a closed-loop construction process of ecological security assessment—source identification—corridor extraction—effectiveness evaluation. Finally, the paper proposes three key directions for future ecological security pattern construction: integrity, scale, and dynamism. This study aids researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of the current state of ecological security pattern construction research and provides historical references for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112754"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability of trace metals in sediments from Daya bay nature reserve: Spatial variation, controlling factors and the exposure risk assessment for aquatic biota","authors":"Zexing Kuang ,&nbsp;Zhen Shi ,&nbsp;Huijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Sen Du ,&nbsp;Haixing Gong ,&nbsp;Qingxia Liu ,&nbsp;Yangguang Gu ,&nbsp;Zhengqiu Fan ,&nbsp;Honghui Huang ,&nbsp;Shoubing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the ecological risk and environmental significance of trace metal bioavailability is critical for the sustainability of the marine environment and bioresources. The spatial variation, controlling factors and ecological risks of the bioavailability of trace metals (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) in Daya Bay sediments were analyzed using BCR sequential extraction and diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT). Differences in concentration distributions between the anthropogenic impact zone (AIZ) and the marine disturbance zone (MDZ) revealed the accumulation of anthropogenic metals in sediments, and that the ocean dynamic conditions promoted the release of bioavailable metals from nature sediments. Fine-grained sediments rich in organic matter possessed more bioavailable metals on the surface. The negative correlations between salinity and the non-residual fractions (F123) suggests that salinity has the potential to inhibit the bioavailability of trace metals. Risk assessment based on total concentrations and acid soluble fractions (F1) showed that Cd was the dominant contributing element to the potential ecological risks with 55.8 %. The evaluation via DGT-labile concentrations indicated that Cu was the element of priority concern for aquatic exposure risk with a risk probability of 7.45 %, and the joint risk probability for metal mixture toxicity was 12.27 %. The exposure risk for aquatic biota was shown as molluscs (9.37 %) &gt; algae (6.82 %) &gt; crustaceans (6.21 %) &gt; invertebrates (6.07 %) &gt; fish (2.61 %). The results provide new clues for risk assessment and management of trace metals in coastal sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112789"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework of composite factors for assessing ecosystem service supply drivers: A sustainable socio-ecological perspective","authors":"Chang You ,&nbsp;Hongjiao Qu ,&nbsp;Luo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying the coupled relationship between social-ecological systems (SES) provides a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of human activity on ecosystems, thereby facilitating the formulation of more rational environmental protection policies. A deeper understanding of this relationship can promote the sustainable utilization and management of the environment. With its abundant natural resources, Ganzhou City represents the most typical ecological location in the southern hilly region of China. In this study, we constructed a sustainable framework for composite factors to analyze their effects on the ecosystem services supply (ESS). This framework emphasizes the positive roles assessment indicators such as water, forests, lakes, grasslands, and governance have on ESS, which are directly linked to the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15, which include forest conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and water resource management. The results indicate that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the overall ESS index in the central and western regions of Ganzhou showed a trend of being lower in the north and higher in the south, with areas outside the central and western regions showing a yearly increase. (2) Water, forest, lake, grassland, and governance indicators have a positive impact on the total ESS, while indicators such as mountains, sand, society, and actors have a negative impact. (3) From 2005 to 2020, the coupling coordination relationship in the central-northern and southern regions of Ganzhou gradually strengthened, with most areas shifting from a dysfunctional state to a low coupling state. By 2030, the total ESS index in counties such as Ningdu, Yudu, Huichang, Chongyi, and Xunwu is expected to decline. Some northeastern and southern regions are projected to show an upward trend by 2035. This study will significantly contribute to the realization of SDG 15, as it integrates closely related composite factors into a sustainable SES framework, by further delving into the factors influencing ESS and providing practical guidance for achieving SDGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112811"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing agri-environmental strategies to reduce pesticide concentrations in surface drinking water sources, Coastal Charente River basin, SW France","authors":"Odile Phelpin ,&nbsp;Françoise Vernier ,&nbsp;Kévin Petit ,&nbsp;David Carayon","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most surface water bodies are deteriorating, resulting in health risks and environmental damage. This study aimed to assess the performance of the modeled agri-environmental transition scenarios for restoring freshwater quality within the protection perimeter of strategic surface water drinking water catchments. Realistic agri-environmental scenarios with combined agronomic orientations were tested using a well-calibrated ecohydrological model. Their performance was quantified based on pesticide concentration reductions in freshwater bodies, focusing on temporal and spatial variability, using non-parametric tests. Our results show that it is possible to differentiate cropping mitigation scenarios according to their ability to limit pesticide transfers, taking into account the most influential biogeochemical factors in the catchment, their agronomic orientation, and their progressive implementation. Our study is also applicable to other contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112802"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of short-term nitrogen addition, watering, and mowing on soil nematode community in poisonous weed type degraded grasslands","authors":"Shuqi Liu ,&nbsp;Dong Cui ,&nbsp;Jianghui Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global changes in nitrogen deposition, precipitation patterns and land use could have an impact on soil biotas. Soil nematodes are important indicators of ecosystem function in degraded grasslands, and how global climate change affect soil nematode communities in degraded grasslands with poisonous weeds needs further study. This study conducted a control experiment on degraded grasslands with <em>Sophora alopecuroides</em> as a single dominant species. We set up a total of eight treatments, which are no nitrogen, no watering, no mowing (CK), nitrogen addition (N treatment), watering (W treatment), mowing (M treatment), nitrogen × watering (NW treatment), nitrogen × mowing (NM treatment), watering × mowing (WM treatment), nitrogen × watering × mowing (NWM treatment). We analyzed the patterns of change in nematode abundance, richness, ecological indices, and co-occurrence networks, as well as the relationships among nematode trophic taxa, soil salinity, and plants. Our results showed that: (1) <em>Paratylenchus</em> and <em>Acrobeles</em> were the main dominant genera. NW treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of plant parasites and significantly decreased the relative abundance of bacterivores. (2) N and NWM treatments increased nematode community network complexity. W, M, and WM treatments decreased nematode community network complexity. (3) Plant Parasites and Bacterivores nematodes community composition were significantly correlated with the structural characteristics of <em>S. alopecuroides</em> (biomass, height, coverage; biomass, height). Fungivores nematodes and Omnivores/Predators nematodes community composition were significantly correlated with soil salinity ions (Cl^-, Mg²⁺; SO₄^2-). (4) The average degree (characterizing the interaction intensity among nematodes genera and sparsity-density of the nematode ecological network) was significantly positively correlated with soil multifunctionality. In addition, the interaction of nitrogen and watering addition on the abundance of different feeding nematodes than nitrogen and watering addition alone. Mowing can alleviate the negative effects of nitrogen addition and watering on soil food webs. Our study suggested that there are complex interactions between soil nematodes and environmental factors in grassland ecosystems, and provided new insights for understanding the impact of global change on the formation and change of soil fauna diversity in poisonous weed type degraded grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112782"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and prospects for constructing ecological security pattern based on ecological network","authors":"Xu Dong ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Meichen Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global ecological problems become increasingly prominent, the construction of ecological security pattern (ESP) has become particularly important for ensuring regional ecological security, coordinating social and economic development, and improving the livelihood and well-being of people. ESP construction based on source-resistance surface-corridor-node information has become the main research paradigm. In this study, the literature analysis method is employed to obtain relevant ESP research results systematically from the perspectives of conceptual connotations, construction methods, evaluations and regulations. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Over time, dynamic pattern construction has become a research hotspot; spatially, less attention has been given to areas with multi-scale and cross-administrative boundary. (2) The ESP construction method is relatively mature, but shortcomings remain, such as the neglect of small-scale but important ecological sources, insufficient consideration of species living habits, lack of research on corridor heterogeneity, and inadequate field surveys and visits. (3) Qualitative ESP evaluation focuses on analyzing the rationality and accuracy of the delineated ecological sources. In contrast, quantitative ESP evaluation focuses on the connectivity, accessibility and robustness of ecological network (EN), which has been more widely applied. Multilevel regulation can promote the implementation of ESP. Future research should focus on (1) selecting ecosystem services on the basis of local conditions and considering trade-offs and synergistic relationships, (2) deepening research on the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem services and accurate construction of EN, and (3) introducing machine learning to achieve intelligent ESP construction. This paper provides directions for future research, outlines new ideas for the systematic and rigorous construction of ESP and promotes more in-depth and practical global ecological civilization construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112800"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}