Ecological Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Tracking mangrove light use efficiency using normalized difference red edge index","authors":"Yanjie Liu ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity of mangrove carbon fluxes makes it difficult to accurately assess mangrove carbon budgets at both site and regional scales. The light use efficiency (LUE) model provides a promising remote sensing approach, however, the lack of robust spectral metrics for tracking mangrove LUE hinders the integration of carbon flux and remote sensing measurements. To close this gap, here we examined the potential of six relevant spectral metrics, including red edge position, red edge reflectance, red valley reflectance, green peak reflectance, normalized difference vegetation index, and normalized difference red edge index (NDRE), for tracking canopy LUE based on two-year (2021–2022) simultaneous measurements of tower-based hyperspectral and eddy covariance (EC) data in a subtropical mangrove of southeastern China. The results indicated that mangrove LUE had strong daily and seasonal variations with the value down-regulated by increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature. The canopy spectral reflectance curve changed seasonally showing elevated reflectance with increasing VPD over the entire visible/red-edge bands. Among the spectral metrics, NDRE was found to be the only statistically significant correlated to LUE at both daily and monthly scales, showing a positive and linear NDRE-LUE linkage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the links between mangrove LUE and red edge-related spectral metrics across temporal scales using simultaneous hyperspectral and EC measurements. The NDRE-LUE linkage confirmed here provides a basis for establishing robust remote sensing approaches to map mangrove LUE and carbon fluxes with ready-available satellite data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112774"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil moisture variation and affecting factors analysis in the Zhangjiakou–Chengde district based on modified temperature vegetation dryness index","authors":"Jintao Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Jin ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Jie Lang ,&nbsp;Xiulan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important water conservation and sand–wind barrier, the Zhangjiakou–Chengde district (ZC) is highly important for ecological protection in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. The research on the variation in soil moisture and its affecting factors is important for early drought warning and the improvement of environmental protection. Based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets, the spatiotemporal variation in surface soil moisture in the ZC was simulated from 2001 to 2021 using the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) model. The optimal parameter geographical detector (OPGD) method was used to identify the contributions of 10 factors affecting soil moisture. The results indicate that soil moisture generally fluctuated during 2001–2021. Six phases were identified. Spatially, the soil moisture was higher in the east and lower in the western part of the study area. Approximately 83.09 % of the district experienced a progressive increase in soil moisture. The future soil moisture dynamics trend indicates that 62.98 % of the ZC would shift from dry to wet conditions. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, land use types, slope, elevation, temperature, aspect, sand content, silt content, and clay content were analyzed to determine their effects on the soil moisture variation. The interaction analysis revealed that the effect of multiple factors was higher than that of the individual factors. The synergistic interaction between NDVI and elevation had the highest influence on soil moisture. The results of the risk detector showed that the NDVI, precipitation, elevation, slope, and clay content contributed to soil moisture. Meanwhile, the temperature and sand content contributed to soil moisture in the converse manner. The research on soil moisture variations and its impact factors on the ZC has high significance for the efficient utilization of water resources and eco–environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112775"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying environmental drivers of vegetation condition in a temperate ecosystem can improve detection of management impacts","authors":"Johanna G. Kuhne ,&nbsp;Patrick J. O’Connor ,&nbsp;Jasmin G. Packer ,&nbsp;Thomas A.A. Prowse","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disentangling the effects of environmental variation and management actions on vegetation condition is increasingly important given increasing efforts to tackle biodiversity loss and the advent of environmental accounting programs. The Mount Lofty Ranges (South Australia) contains temperate ecosystems supporting rich but threatened biodiversity. Using 15 years of vegetation monitoring, we quantified drivers of and trends in four indicators of vegetation health; native species richness, vegetation structure, regeneration, tree habitat quality, and two indicators of vegetation threats; grazing pressure and weed species richness. After correcting for differences between vegetation communities, we found all indicators were significantly associated with environmental variables. Seasonal effects were found for native and weed species richness and vegetation structure with peaks in spring. Significant spatial effects for native and weed species richness, vegetation structure and grazing scores reflect historic and current land use. Rainfall in the year before a survey resulted in higher native and weed species richness and higher grazing scores. To demonstrate the application of model-based correction factors when monitoring vegetation change in this system, we simulated a management-induced native species gain and tested the capacity of different before-after survey regimes to detect this gain under environmental variability. Across sites, model-based corrections increased the probability of detecting the simulated gain by c. 8% and reduced the variance in this probability approximately six-fold. Our results quantify the effects of environmental drivers on vegetation in the study region and highlight the improved capacity to detect the true effects of management actions through model-based adjustments for environmental drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112783"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Scenario land cover changes and carbon emissions prediction for peak carbon emissions in the Yellow River Basin, China","authors":"Haipeng Niu ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Dongyang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on future land cover changes and carbon emissions is essential for effective land resource management and developing feasible carbon mitigation strategies. This study focused on the Yellow River Basin and employed the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to project future land cover and carbon emissions. Additionally, bivariate spatial autocorrelation was utilized to analyze the relationship between them. Key findings are as follows: 1) Historically, the Yellow River Basin has experienced an expansion in construction land, forests, grasslands, and water, while cropland and unused land have diminished. Notably, construction land displayed the most significant changes, whereas grasslands showed minimal modification. Looking ahead, both the ecological protection and inertial development scenarios exhibit consistent trends with historical patterns across the land type categories. In contrast, the economic priority development scenario forecasts an increase in construction land, cropland, and grasslands, indicating a distinct shift compared to the other scenarios. However, the ecological protection scenario proves to be more sustainable. 2) In the absence of intervention, the simulated carbon emissions from construction land throughout the basin display a linear increase across various scenarios, with provincial-level variations showing an increase from southwest to northeast. However, Henan and Sichuan are expected to experience slower reductions in carbon emissions, compared to other projections. There is a notable positive correlation between carbon emissions and the comprehensive index, indicating that regions with high emissions typically experience substantial land and economic development. 3) Energy consumption projections for 2030 and 2060 indicate that to align with China’s carbon goals, it is essential to reduce energy consumption and adjust the fossil to non-fossil fuel ratio to reduce carbon emissions. Substituting coal with clean energy and enhancing energy efficiency will be more effective for achieving low-carbon emission targets. In summary, this study provides significant guidance for China’s ecological conservation, low-carbon emission strategies, and global carbon emission control efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112794"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale analysis of the susceptibility of different landslide types and identification of the main controlling factors","authors":"Yuqian Yang ,&nbsp;Shuangyun Peng ,&nbsp;Bangmei Huang ,&nbsp;Dequan Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yin ,&nbsp;Ting Li ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides are common and extremely destructive geological hazards in mountainous areas, posing a serious threat to life, property, and socioeconomic development. Landslide susceptibility mapping is a key link in landslide risk management, but existing studies are mostly limited to single landslide types and single scale analysis, which makes it difficult to fully reflect the complexity and diversity of landslide occurrence. This paper takes Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province as the study area, and constructs a multi-type and multi-scale landslide susceptibility mapping method by integrating information value (IV) model and principal component analysis (PCA) model. It reveals the scale effect of landslide driving force and the impact of this scale effect on the accuracy of susceptibility mapping, and identifies the main controlling factors of landslides at different scales. The results of the study showed that: (1) The influencing factors of the three landslide types have significant scale effects. Natural factors such as topography and geology play a controlling role at the buffer zone scale of 800–1000 m, while inducing factors such as human activities and rainfall mainly play a role at the buffer zone scale of 100–600 m. (2) The scale effect of influencing factors significantly affects the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping. The AUC value of soil landslide shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of scale, and the optimal AUC value is 0.815 at the 600-meter scale; the AUC value of rock landslide shows a trend of fluctuating and then increasing with the increase of scale, and the AUC value at the 1000-meter scale reaches the highest value of 0.877; the AUC value of ground collapse fluctuates with the expansion of scale, and the AUC value at the 800-meter scale is 0.883, which is the highest value among all scales. (3) Different types of landslides are controlled by different dominant factors. Slope height, rainfall and engineering geological rock formations are the main controlling factors for soil landslides; topographic factors such as slope height and DEM are the main controlling factors for rock landslides; DEM and engineering geological rock formations are the main controlling factors for ground collapse. The multi-type and multi-scale landslide susceptibility mapping method proposed in this paper can effectively identify the main controlling factors and scale effects of different types of landslides, improve the accuracy and reliability of landslide susceptibility mapping, and provide a scientific basis and decision-making support for landslide disaster prevention and control in Zhenxiong County.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112797"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in the soil–water-grain system in a typical area of the central Qinghai–Tibet Plateau","authors":"Xinjie Zha ,&nbsp;Jialu An ,&nbsp;Liyuan Deng ,&nbsp;Xue Gao ,&nbsp;Yuan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals (HMs) within the soil–water-grain system have substantial effects on both eco-environmental and human health. This study collected 232 samples (58 surface soil, 89 drinking water, and 85 highland barley) from the central Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and analyzed the contamination characteristics, source apportionments, and associated risks of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). The study employed geochemical normalization factors, biotoxicity assessment methods, ecological risk and health risk assessment models, and the Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to assess the soil–water-grain system. The results showed no accumulation of HMs in highland barley, and no biotoxicity was observed. Soil was identified as the primary medium contributing to ecological and health risks, with overall risk levels ranging from slight to moderate, particularly higher in the northern and eastern regions of the study area. Cr posed non-carcinogenic risks to local children in 100% of cases and to adults in 27.27% of cases. Pb presented non-carcinogenic risks in 81.82% of cases for children and 36.36% for adults. Furthermore, As, Cd, and Cr were found to pose carcinogenic risks to both children and adults. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were more pronounced in children than in adults. Children’s health risks were primarily driven by As concentrations in grains, with a sensitivity contribution exceeding 90%. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) indicated that ingestion rates were more sensitive for children, while body weight showed an inverse relationship. The PMF model identified three potential sources of HMs: anthropogenic, geogenic, and environmental. Therefore, to ensure the sustainable development of ecology and the health of residents, it is urgent to conduct routine soil remediation and maintain a balanced diet to mitigate the migration and transformation of HMs in the study area and improve the health level of residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112801"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of enhancing genetic fitness in non-kinship-based groups: Insights from black-necked cranes","authors":"Yuhang Li ,&nbsp;Yuyi Jin ,&nbsp;Xingcheng He ,&nbsp;Liang Dou ,&nbsp;Penghui He ,&nbsp;Yuanshu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongqiu Li ,&nbsp;Jianghong Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112767"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish guts possess higher priority in assessing ecological risk of microplastics in both fish bodies and aquatic environments","authors":"Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Sibao Chen ,&nbsp;Yiwei He ,&nbsp;Le Liang ,&nbsp;Zhongguan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs, ＜5mm in size) have rapidly spread across aquatic ecosystems, which urgently needs systematic assessment for their ecological risk. Fish species have frequently been selected as indicator organisms in evaluating MPs contaminants. However, it has been questioned that which organs of fishes should be examined due to tissue-specific results. In this study, we investigated the accumulation and depuration process of MPs in the main organs of zebrafish under different MPs concentrations as well as the presence and absence of food resources. Our results recorded consistently higher MPs accumulation in fish guts among different MPs concentrations, implying fish guts as stable organs representing organisms’ MPs contaminants. Meanwhile, MPs accumulated in fish guts increased significantly with increasing exposure concentrations, highlighting fish guts as sensitive organs in reflecting MPs contamination in aquatic environments. In addition, MPs accumulated in fish guts under non-feeding conditions followed a logistic “S” curve while fluctuated under feeding conditions, suggesting increased ecological MPs risk with the absence of food resources. The depuration rate in fish guts was significantly higher in the feeding group than in the non-feeding group, implying better expelling ability of MPs with the presence of food resources. Our study proposes fish guts as the optimal indicator organs in assessing the ecological risk of MPs contaminants in both fish bodies and aquatic environments, and highlights the importance of sustaining sufficient food resources in aquatic environments to reduce the MPs triggered adverse effects on fish species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112792"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diatom metabarcoding as a tool to assess the water quality of two large tributaries of the Danube River","authors":"Danijela Vidaković ,&nbsp;Ntambwe Albert Serge Mayombo ,&nbsp;Andrea Burfeid Castellanos ,&nbsp;Michael Kloster ,&nbsp;Bánk Beszteri","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effectiveness of digital microscopic and molecular analysis (<em>rbcL</em> and 18S markers) in assessing diatom community composition and water quality in two international rivers (Sava and Tisa rivers). Also, two different approaches were applied for calculating diatom indices: based on the relative abundance of taxa and the presence/absence of taxa. The <em>rbcL</em> marker showed up as a more suitable choice for providing a comprehensive view of the diatom community compared to 18S, which can be partly attributed to variations in the coverage of reference databases. Furthermore, both morphological and molecular analysis pointed out statistically different ecological statuses of investigated rivers. Diatom indices derived from molecular data indicated one or two classes of lower ecological status than those based on morphological analysis. However, the average diatom indices derived from molecular presence/absence data were higher than those based on the relative abundance of taxa. After summarizing all the results, we can recommend using the <em>rbcL</em> marker with taxa presence/absence data for routine monitoring of large lowland rivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112793"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance − accounting for precipitation seasonality and climate change in southwestern U.S. drylands","authors":"Jeanne C. Chambers ,&nbsp;Jessi L. Brown ,&nbsp;Steve Campbell ,&nbsp;Shane A. Green ,&nbsp;Matthew C. Reeves ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Schlaepfer ,&nbsp;Vaughn Thacker","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatially explicit and climate sensitive information on the responses of ecosystems to global change processes is required for strategic planning and prioritization of conservation and restoration. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance (R&amp;R) are used increasingly to understand the influence of climate on ecosystem responses to these change processes and determine effective management strategies. We developed landscape-scale indicators of R&amp;R based on climate regimes for southwest U.S. drylands that accounted for precipitation seasonality and climate change using 1 km Daymet climate data (1980–2019). We used temperature, precipitation, and monsoon index data to construct climate sensitive and ecologically meaningful climate regimes mirroring the soil temperature and moisture regimes in the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey data and Ecological Site Descriptions that are widely used by managers in the western U.S. We evaluated relationships of the climate regimes and R&amp;R indicators to the dominant ecological types, plant species, including the widespread exotic annual, cheatgrass (<em>Bromus tectorum</em>), plant functional groups, and annual burn probabilities. The climate regimes were associated with the dominant ecological types and plant functional groups. Particularly important was identification of a monsoon index value (0.30) to delineate areas with a summer moist (ustic) precipitation regime as indicated by the frequency of C4 vs. C3 grass species. Cover of cheatgrass, a C3 species, was highest in warm (mesic) and very warm (hypermesic) areas with a winter moist (xeric) or dry (aridic) precipitation regime and corresponded well to the resistance indicator. Annual burn probabilities were highest in areas with a winter moist precipitation regime and high precipitation (productivity) and did not correspond directly to cheatgrass cover. Changes in climate regimes from 1980 to 1999 to 2000–2019 resulted in decreases in both R&amp;R by about 10 %. Climate-sensitive R&amp;R indicators can be used in conservation and restoration planning to determine effective strategies and locate management activities to maximize ecological benefits and returns on investment. Recent changes in climate indicate the need to assess the direction and rate of climate change within the focal area and consider the likely effects on R&amp;R when developing management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112749"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}