Current Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Virulence Genes in Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) Isolated from Kenyan Camel Milk Suggests Potential Pathogenicity.","authors":"Mwangi Linnet Wanjiru, Joseph Wafula Matofari, Bockline Omedo Bebe, Mwaniki John Njeru, John Masani Nduko","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04244-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04244-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacteria are a concern in camel milk due to their potential pathogenicity. This study explored the genetic characteristics of thirteen Mycobacteria isolates from camel milk collected in Isiolo County, Kenya, focusing on the identification and comparison of virulence genes. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and the PATRIC annotation platform, we analyzed subsystems and specialty genes to uncover functional capability and potential pathogenic mechanisms. There were significant variations observed in the number of genes assigned to key subsystems such as metabolism, protein processing, stress response, and energy, suggesting diverse metabolic and survival strategies among the strains. Notably, strains such as Mycobacterium vaccae (JACC_055) and Mycobacterium pulveris (EL_188) exhibited a higher number of genes in the metabolism and stress response subsystems, respectively, indicating enhanced metabolic potential and adaptation to harsh environments. Virulence genes were identified across the isolates with Mycobacterium heidelburgense (EL_135), Mycobacterium colombiense (EL_158), and Mycolicibacterium pulveris (EL_188) showing the highest counts (22, 22, and 16, respectively), suggesting their increased pathogenic potential. The key virulence genes including ideR, relA, mbtH, esxR, phoP, and icl, were frequently present, highlighting their essential role in Mycobacterium virulence. Unique genes in certain isolates such as fbpC and esxN in EL_135 and EL_158 isolates indicate specific adaptations for nutrient acquisition and host interaction. A comparative analysis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium revealed shared virulence genes (fbpA, fbpB, icl, ideR, relA, esxH, phoP) and unique ecc genes, highlighting similarities in pathogenic mechanisms and potential for host immune manipulation. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the genetic closeness of M. colombiense and M. heidelbergense to M. tuberculosis and M. avium, implying similar virulence capabilities. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity and pathogenic potential of Mycobacterium species in camel milk, emphasizing the importance of strain-specific analysis for disease management, therapeutic development, and public health awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Growth of the Wild Forage Legume Genista monspessulana is Improved by Bradyrhizobium sp. sv. Genistearum in the Acidic Soils of Northern Morocco.","authors":"Taoufik Belechheb, Anass Yemalahi, Omar Bouhnik, Mounir Zerrouk Hassani, Ouiam El Galiou, Amin Laglaoui, Mohammed Bakkali, Mustapha Missbah El Idrissi, Abdelhay Arakrak","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04249-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04249-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genista monspessulana is a wild legume of high fodder value in northern Morocco, where it contributes to livestock feeding, particularly during the lean season. The plant fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria known as rhizobia. To identify and characterize its symbiotic partners, we isolated twenty-two bacteria inhabiting the plant nodules and assessed their phenotypic and genetic diversity as well as their symbiotic efficiency. The 16S rRNA sequences analysis proved that 7 isolates were affiliated with the genus Bradyrhizobium, which significantly improve plant growth under nitrogen deficiency. Based on multi-locus sequence analysis using five different housekeeping genes, three representative strains were selected for further analyses. The phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of the five genes showed that the closest type strain is Bradyrhizobium canariense LMG 2122265T. The strains nodulate also other Genisteae such as Cytisus villosus and Lupinus luteus besides their host plant. The phylogenetic analysis of the symbiotic nodC gene allowed the assignment of the strains to the symbiovar genistearum. The three strains proved to be very efficient in the fixation of N₂ as revealed by their relative and absolute efficiency indexes and may be used as effective individual or mixed inocula, to improve the plant growth in its natural habitat and contribute to soil restoration, and revegetation in Northern Morocco.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentation of Seaweed Saccharina japonica Using Lactobacillus brevis and its In Vitro Anti-Obesity Effects.","authors":"Min Woo Moon, Chae Hun Ra","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04247-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04247-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of fermenting brown seaweed Saccharina japonica with Lactobacillus brevis on bioactive products' antioxidant properties and potential anti-obesity effects. The S. japonica fermented by L. brevis (SFB) extract showed the highest ABTS scavenging activity at 3000 μg/mL (79.3%), followed by the L. brevis cells (LBC) extract (68.1%) and S. japonica hydrolysate (SJH) extract (59.5%). At the same concentration, the DPPH radical scavenging activities of the LBC and SFB extracts were 63.2% and 68.5%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the SJH extract (38.5%). After treating cells with a 400 μg/mL concentration for 8 days, Oil Red O staining revealed a dose-dependent decrease in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The lowest lipid accumulation rates were 64.2%, 55.2%, and 51.4% for SJH, LBC, and SFB, respectively. RT-qPCR results indicate reduced mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related gene expressions. Overall, the combination of S. japonica and L. brevis fermentation has a potential application as a dietary food process for improving obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frateuria hangzhouensis sp. nov. Isolated from Soil of Moso Bamboo Forest in Hangzhou, China.","authors":"Fu Yang, Jinjun Yue, Qin Wang, Weiwei Zha, Yanxu Zhou, Jinling Yuan, Lubin Li, Qiwu Sun, Lei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04232-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04232-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel bacterium, designated STR12^T, was isolated from the soil of a moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest in Hangzhou, China. The strain was a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium; the colonies of which were yellow, round, flat, sticky, and non-moist with a smooth margin after cultivation for 3 days at 28 °C. The strain grew at temperatures between 15 and 37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH values from 4.0 to 8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and salinities ranging from 0 to 5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain was grouped within a cluster of the genus Frateuria, showing the highest similarity with Frateuria flava MAH-13^T (97.7%). The genome of strain STR12^T was 3.74 Mb in length with a G+C content of 67.9%. Genome comparisons of strain STR12^T with other species within the genus Frateuria revealed that the range of average nucleotide identity, DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values were 73.9-85.9%, 20.8-30.7%, and 62.7-86.7%, respectively, all of those were below the respective prokaryotic species delineation thresholds. The predominant quinone in strain STR12^T was ubiquinone-8 and the major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, iso-C_17:0, and Summed Feature 9. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and one unidentified phosphoglycolipid. On basis of the finding of phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic analyses, we proposed the name Frateuria hangzhouensis sp. nov. for the novel species in the genus Frateuria, of which the type strain was strain STR12^T (= ACCC 61897^T = GDMCC 1.2964^T = JCM 35226^T).</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Periodontal Disease on the Oral Microbiome of Cats.","authors":"Pamela Thomson, Rodrigo Santibáñez, Daniel Garrido, María Paz Iturriaga, Carla Flores","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04216-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04216-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal disease is a multifactorial condition commonly observed in domestic cats, characterized by inflammation and alveolar bone loss. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the oral microbiome between healthy cats and those with periodontitis, focusing on microbial community structure and preliminary functionality. An observational case-control study was conducted involving 30 cats, divided equally into healthy and periodontitis groups. Gingival swabs were collected and analyzed using V3_V4 regions of the 16S rRNA sequencing. The results revealed that while the dominant phyla in both groups were Bacteroidota and Bacillota, cats with periodontitis exhibited decreased levels of Ochrobactrum, Odoribacter denticanis, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas macacae, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum which are the characteristics of the periodontal oral microbiome. Predicted function indicated the enrichment of pathways related to the biosynthesis of fatty acids in periodontal disease, such as ubiquinol and mycolate production. These findings highlight significant microbial and functional shifts associated with feline periodontal disease, providing a basis for potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Nano World in Paracoccidioidomycosis: Promising Applications of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccines: A Mini Review.","authors":"Ricardo Cervini, Ariana Centa, Claudriana Locatelli, Gustavo Colombo Dal Pont, João Paulo Assolini","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04251-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04251-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. This disease is prevalent in Latin America, with Brazil being an endemic region. This mycosis can be classified as PCM infection, PCM disease and residual PCM. Although diagnosis and treatment exist, they have some limitations, and there is no vaccine available for this disease. Thus, the application of nanotechnology in the biomedical and health areas has become an innovative alternative. In this review, we highlight the main advances in the use of nanotechnology to improve and/or develop methods of diagnosis, treatment and vaccines for PCM. In order to improve diagnostic methods, nanoparticles can be used as biosensors associated with cell biology and spectroscopy techniques. The use of nanomaterials of different shapes and nature can act directly on the pathogen or as drug carriers, maintaining or improving antifungal activity and reducing toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, nanoparticulate systems could be an important tool for vaccine development, stimulating a Th1 response, which is considered protective in PCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An EXPAR-CRISPR/Cas12a Assay for Rapid Detection of Salmonella.","authors":"Wensen Lin, Mintao Huang, Hongjian Fu, Luxin Yu, Ying Chen, Lingwei Chen, Yanzhen Lin, Ting Wen, Xiaomin Luo, Yanguang Cong","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04240-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04240-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella is considered as one of the primary pathogens associated with foodborne diseases globally. The effective treatment of these illnesses depends on the rapid and accurate identification of this organism. Traditional culture methods, however, necessitate extended testing periods, while many alternative techniques often lack precision. This research presents an innovative detection system that employs CRISPR-Cas12a for the detection of Salmonella. The detection system specifically targets the yfiR gene, which is amplified through isothermal exponential amplification (EXPAR). Target DNA hybridizes with the hairpin probe to form the DNA strand. The DNA strand was nicked to generate a nick by nicking endonuclease owing to its recognition sequence toward the hairpin probe. DNA polymerase can extend the 3'-end of the nicked site, which simultaneously displaces the newly synthesized strand. Thus, a large number of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were produced in the circle of nicking, polymerization, and strand displacement to achieve exponential amplification. The resultant amplified ssDNA products are subsequently recognized by CRISPR/Cas12a, resulting in the emission of a fluorescence signal. The detection system demonstrates a limit of detection of 10 fM for synthetic DNA and exhibits a strong linear relationship between 10 fM and 100 nM. Furthermore, the EXPAR-CRISPR/Cas12a detection system successfully identifies extracted genomic DNA samples containing Salmonella strains less than one hour, achieving a detection threshold of 1 pg/μL. This assay not only offers rapid results, requiring less than one hour for sample-to-answer outcomes, but is also cost-effective, minimizes aerosol risks, and provides exceptional specificity and sensitivity for the detection of Salmonella.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spegazzinia menglaensis, A Novel Species of Didymosphaeriaceae from Air in China.","authors":"Xingwen Dai, Linlin Fang, Tong Chen, Manyao Feng, Zefen Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04241-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04241-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel fungal species, viz. Spegazzinia menglaensis belonging to Didymosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), was isolated from air samples in China. Spegazzinia menglaensis is characterized by basauxic conidiophores, with a light brown conidiophore mother cell, and 4-celled, stellate α conidia and disc-shaped β conidia. To further confirm its taxonomic placement, in-depth molecular analyses were conducted, utilizing multiple loci including internal transcribed spacers (ITS), large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α). The molecular analyses revealed that S. menglaensis formed distinct clade within Spegazzinia, which is close to S. jinghaensis. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the new fungal species, detailed descriptions, accompanied by illustrative images, as well as a phylogenetic tree showcasing the position of S. menglaensis within the taxonomic framework, have been included.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging CRISPR-Cas-Enhanced Isothermal Amplification Tools for Quick Identification of Pathogens Causing Livestock Diseases.","authors":"Ayan Mukherjee, Sukhen Samanta, Subhasree Das, Molla Zakirul Haque, Partha Sarathi Jana, Indranil Samanta, Indrajit Kar, Srinibas Das, Pramod Kumar Nanda, Prasad Thomas, Premanshu Dandapat","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04226-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04226-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prompt and accurate diagnosis of infectious pathogens of livestock origin is of utmost importance for epidemiological surveillance and effective therapeutic strategy formulation. Among various methods, nucleic acid-based detection of pathogens is the most sensitive and specific; but the majority of these assays need expensive equipment and skilled workers. Due to the rapid advancement of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas)-based nucleic acid detection methods, these are now being widely used for pathogen detection. CRISPR-Cas is a bacterial counterpart of \"adaptive immunity\", generally used for editing genome. Many CRISPR systems have been modified for nucleic acid detection due to their excellent selectivity in detecting DNA and RNA sequences. The combination of CRISPR with suitable isothermal amplification technologies has made it more sensitive, specific, versatile, and reproducible for the detection of pathogen nucleic acids at the point of care. Amplification of pathogen nucleic acid by isothermal amplification followed by CRISPR-Cas-based detection has several advantages, including short sample-to-answer times and no requirement for laboratory set-up. They are also significantly less expensive than the existing nucleic acid detection methods. This review focuses on the recent trends in the use of this precision diagnostic method for diagnosis of a wide range of animal pathogens with or without zoonotic potential, particularly various isothermal amplification strategies, and visualization methods for sensing bacteria, viruses, and parasites of veterinary and public health importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoliposomal Encapsulation of Red, Yellow, and Orange Natural Pigments from Monascus ruber: Characterization, Stability, and Biological Activities.","authors":"Anita Dudek, Magdalena Pietrzak, Dominika Benkowska-Biernacka, Hanna Pruchnik, Filip Boratyński, El-Sayed R El-Sayed","doi":"10.1007/s00284-025-04238-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-025-04238-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monascus pigments, a type of natural edible colorant, are extensively utilized in the food and health supplements industry. However, these pigments tend to be unstable during processing and storage. Thus, this study aims to prepare nanoliposomes of the Monascus three pigments and evaluate their properties and bioactivities. Three types of pigments (red, orange, and yellow) produced by Monascus ruber strain SRZ112 were extracted and purified then encapsulated into nanoliposomes. The prepared nanoliposomes were characterized by DLS, FT-IR, and TEM analyses. The obtained results showed that the three respective nanoliposomes have different polydispersity indexes (0.243, 0.187, and 0.202), zeta potentials (-21.79, -19.26, and-21.61 mV), and a range of particle sizes (85.31, 90.67, and 86.66 nm) with spherical unilamellar vesicles dependent on the prepared liposome type. The prepared nanoliposomes' pH, thermal, and storage stabilities were studied and compared to the free pigments. Moreover, the prepared nanoliposomes' antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic bioactivities were compared to the free pigments and evaluated. The prepared nanoliposomes in this study showed enhanced functionalities and bioactivities more than the free pigments. This is the first report on the nanoencapsulation of Monascus red, yellow, and orange pigments and the evaluation of their bioactivities. The achieved results in this study indicate the possibility of their exploitation in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and functional food industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"82 6","pages":"259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}