Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos, Oscar E Gonzalez-Muniz, Maria G Ramirez-Ledesma, Bruno Rivas-Santiago
{"title":"Effect of Nicotine on Pulmonary Pathogenic Bacteria.","authors":"Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos, Oscar E Gonzalez-Muniz, Maria G Ramirez-Ledesma, Bruno Rivas-Santiago","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03977-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03977-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly enhances susceptibility to bacterial infections by inducing physiological and structural alterations, including immune system dysregulation. This exposure also augments bacterial virulence including biofilm formation, leading to severe infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Notably, cigarette smoke exposure increases the incidence of pneumonia by up to 2.5-fold and tuberculosis by up to 4.1-fold. Nicotine, a primary constituent of cigarette smoke, has been extensively characterized for its immunomodulatory effects. However, despite the wealth of knowledge on nicotine's impact on the host immune response, there is a paucity of data regarding its direct effects on various pulmonary pathogens. In the present review, we discuss the main findings in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrative Proteome and Metabolomics Analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans Responses to Melanin Substrates Niger seed and L-DOPA.","authors":"Yuanyuan Ma, Peng Xue","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03979-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03979-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanin, as a pivotal antioxidant pigment, plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. However, the underlying signaling pathways responsible for melanin biosynthesis in C. neoformans are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, proteome and metabolomics analyses were conducted to investigate the response of C. neoformans to melanin substrate Niger seed or L-DOPA. The proteome analysis identified significant differential expression of proteins in cells treated with Niger seed compared to L-DOPA, with distinct functional enrichment patterns observed. Subcellular localization analysis showed unique protein distribution in cells treated with each substrate. Metabolomics analysis revealed distinct metabolic profiles in response to Niger seed or L-DOPA, with notable differences in metabolite regulation between the two treatments. KEGG classification highlighted specific metabolic pathways affected by each substrate. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying C. neoformans response to melanin substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria M Guzmán, Rodrigo J Leonardi, Sofía Racca, Raúl N Comelli
{"title":"Assessing Process Conditions on Xylose Fermentation in Spathaspora passalidarum: Effects of pH, Substrate-to-Inoculum Ratio, Temperature, and Initial Ethanol Concentration.","authors":"Victoria M Guzmán, Rodrigo J Leonardi, Sofía Racca, Raúl N Comelli","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03976-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03976-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioethanol represents a clean and renewable alternative to fossil fuels, offering a significant reduction in environmental impact. Second-generation ethanol (2G) is produced using lignocellulosic biomass, which presents additional challenges due to the presence of hemicellulose. The pentose sugars within hemicellulose cannot be efficiently metabolized by conventional yeast strains like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Consequently, the yeast Spathaspora passalidarum has emerged as a promising candidate for mixed fermentation processes, given its ability to utilize xylose. This study presents an in-depth metabolic, stoichiometric, and kinetic analysis of the fermentation performance of Sp. passalidarum NRRL Y-27907 in mixed glucose and xylose cultures. Emphasis was placed on examining variables from a novel perspective compared to existing literature. Specifically, the impacts of initial inoculum-substrate ratios, substrate composition, pH, temperature, and ethanol sensitivity were analyzed using a mathematical bioprocess approach. Sp. passalidarum NRRL Y-27907 exhibited sequential sugar consumption, with xylose being utilized only after glucose was exhausted. Ethanol yields in mixed cultures were comparable to those in individual-sugar cultures. The best fermentative performance was observed at 30 °C, with 25 g/L of xylose and an inoculum of 0.50 g/L. The strain exhibited significant robustness at pH 4.0 and was notably affected by initial ethanol concentrations up to 20 g/L. These findings provide crucial insights into the metabolic and fermentative behavior of Sp. passalidarum NRRL Y-27907, offering valuable information for the design of consolidated bioprocesses from lignocellulosic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing And Characterization Of Two Bacillus velezensis Strains from Termitarium and A Comprehensive Comparative Genomic Analysis of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters.","authors":"Venkatesan Dhanalakshmi, Jeyaprakash Rajendhran","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03965-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03965-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The species Bacillus velezensis is known for its biosynthetic potential and metabolic versatility in producing several secondary metabolites and promoting plant growth. In this study, we isolated two B. velezensis strains, WGTg-8 and WGTm-299, from the termite gut and termitarium, which exhibited antimicrobial activity against multiple clinical and phytopathogens. The whole genomes of these strains were sequenced using the Illumina platform and annotated. The genome mining of the draft genome sequences revealed 48 biological gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for synthesizing various secondary metabolites. The construction of the similarity network of the BGCs and the comparative analysis with the genetically related organisms are aided in the identification of metabolites produced by these strains. We identified biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) coding for macrolactin H, bacilysin, bacillibactin, amylocyclin, comX4, and LCI, found in both strains with 100% similarity. The difficidin, bacillaene, thusin_alpha, and cericidin BGCs are exclusively found in strain WGTg-8, while the colicin BGC is exclusively present in the WGTm-299 strain. The fengycin and surfactin gene clusters are present in both strains with 80% similarity. Furthermore, 28 putative NRPS BGCs, NRPS-T1PKS hybrid clusters, a T1PKS, and a bacteriocin BGC were identified with very low similarity (≤ 25%) or no similarity with known antibiotics. In addition, we found several genes coding for plant growth-promoting properties, including nitrogen metabolism, hormone synthesis, sulfur metabolism, phosphate metabolism, and a few other properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy K Tooke, Rebecca E Hodges, Josie F Pyrah, Kenneth W Bayles, Stephen A Renshaw, Simon J Foster
{"title":"Tetracycline and Oxacillin Act Synergistically on Biofilms and Display Increased Efficacy In Vivo Against Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Amy K Tooke, Rebecca E Hodges, Josie F Pyrah, Kenneth W Bayles, Stephen A Renshaw, Simon J Foster","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03959-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03959-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxacillin (bactericidal) and tetracycline (bacteriostatic) are clinically relevant antibiotics that are routinely prescribed to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections but not conventionally used in combination. There is an urgent need for treatment regimens that can act upon biofilms during infection, associated with chronic infections on indwelling devices, as well as acute planktonic (systemic) infection. Here we show that in an in vitro model oxacillin and tetracycline act synergistically against S. aureus UAMS-1 biofilms, reducing the concentration of both antibiotics necessary to eradicate an established biofilm. Using an in vivo zebrafish larval infection model with S. aureus NewHG, they display improved bacterial clearance compared to each drug alone and can counteract a loss of host phagocytes, an important innate defence against S. aureus. In these cases, the bacteriostatic nature of tetracycline enhances rather than dampens the bactericidal action of oxacillin, although an exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. We suggest a dual therapy could be of clinical use against biofilm-forming S. aureus and has a potential use in patients with a compromised immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Host and Viral Factors Influencing Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Across Three Generations in a Family.","authors":"Malihe Naderi, Seyed Masoud Hosseini, Naser Behnampour, Sima Besharat, Iraj Shahramian, Masoud Khoshnia, Abdolvahab Moradi","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03963-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03963-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is influenced by both virological and host factors. A total of 5,920 CHB patients were classified into four groups based on HBV seromarkers: three-generation families (CHB grandmother, mother, and child), two-generation families (CHB mother/child pairs), individuals recovered from HBV infection, and a control group. Serological markers, viral load, liver function tests (LFT), HBV mutations, HLA-DQ variations, cytokine polymorphisms, and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) were analyzed using FibroScan. Point mutations in genes such as core/pre-core (G1896A/G1899A), polymerase (H248N, H267Q, N263D), S (G145R, S143L), and X (C1500T, T1464C) were observed in 30% of three-generation pairs and 20% of two-generation pairs. The three-generation group exhibited the highest mean liver stiffness measurement (LSM) (4.94 ± 1.24 kPa), which is considered a predictor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Subsequent HLA allele analysis identified HLA-DQB105:01 (OR = 0.27) as a risk factor for treatment resistance, while HLA-DQB105 (OR = 0.98), HLA-DQB103 (OR = 0.80), and HLA-DQB104:01 (OR = 0.70) were associated with HBV persistence in both three- and two-generation groups. Higher frequencies of specific polymorphisms, including G/G (TNF-α: 75%; IL-18: 74%), A/A (IL-10: 74.28%), and C/C (IL-1ß: 80%), were significantly linked to persistent infection. Analysis of viral sequences, HLA-DQB1 variations, cytokine polymorphisms, and genetic relationships within the phylogenetic tree revealed that 40% of CHB patients from three-generation families were infected by a shared source of transmission, as indicated by the presence of the same HBV genotype. This study underscores the complex interplay of host and viral factors that influence hepatitis B infection outcomes and suggests potential familial transmission pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Stephany López-Bermúdez, Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón, Ema Carina Rosas-Burgos, Alma Carolina Gálvez-Iriqui, Porfirio Gutiérrez-Martínez, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza, Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea
{"title":"Acute Phytotoxicity and Antifungal Effect of Nanochitosan Particles on Colletotrichum fructicola with Low Susceptibility to Chitosan.","authors":"Laura Stephany López-Bermúdez, Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón, Ema Carina Rosas-Burgos, Alma Carolina Gálvez-Iriqui, Porfirio Gutiérrez-Martínez, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza, Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03909-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03909-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colletotrichum fungus complex affects several crops and tropical products, which suffer significant losses due to anthracnose. The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), alone or in combination with bioactive compounds, has been recommend for agronomic applications. However, there is very little information on their phytotoxicity, and there is no information about the effect on microorganisms with low susceptibility to chitosan. This work aims to compare their antifungal effect against isolates of C. fructicola with low susceptibility to chitosan and to study the toxicological effects of CNPs on the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds. Levels of phytotoxicity of high-to-very high and moderate-to-very high were observed for lettuce and radish seeds, respectively, with greater detrimental effects on the radicle elongation after exposure to CNPs concentrations of 4-5 g L<sup>-1</sup>. For the three C. fructicola isolates, the CNPs did not inhibit the fungal growth; however, the cell viability decreased as the CNPs concentration increased, and a complete inhibition of the viability was found for H4-1 and 003 isolates at a CNPs concentration of 5 g L<sup>-1</sup>. Morphometric alterations characterized by a reduction in the average length of the terminal hyphae, distortion, and a higher number of branches in the hyphae, were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the effect of nanochitosan particles in Colletotrichum fructicola, with experimentally proven low sensitivity to chitosan, was studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue Ma, Yao Hu, Jing Hou, Yu-Guang Zhou, Heng-Lin Cui
{"title":"Genome-Based Classification of 'Haloarcula aidinensis' and Description of Three Novel Halophilic Archaea Isolated from an Inland Saline Lake, Coastal Saline Soil, and a Marine Solar Saltern.","authors":"Xue Ma, Yao Hu, Jing Hou, Yu-Guang Zhou, Heng-Lin Cui","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03970-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03970-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>'Haloarcula aidinensis' was described by a pioneer Chinese scientist focused on halophilic archaea thirty years ago, and the type strain of 'Haloarcula aidinensis' was recently classified based on phylogenetic, phylogenomic, and comparative genomic analyses. Other three novel halophilic archaeal strains, CK38<sup>T</sup>, DT43<sup>T</sup>, and SYNS111<sup>T</sup>, isolated from diverse saline environments in China, were simultaneously subjected to polyphasic classification. 'Haloarcula aidinensis' A<sub>5</sub> was found to be related to Haloarcula amylolytica, while strains CK38<sup>T</sup>, DT43<sup>T</sup>, and SYNS111<sup>T</sup> represented three novel species of Haloarcula based on phylogenetic, phylogenomic, and comparative genomic analyses. These strains can be distinguished from other species within the genus Haloarcula based on multiple phenotypic characteristics. The major phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate can be detected in these strains, while the glycolipid profiles of these strains are diverse. Strains A<sub>5</sub> and DT43<sup>T</sup> contained glucosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether and a diglycosyl diether, while other strains CK38<sup>T</sup> and SYNS111<sup>T</sup> had sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether and mannosyl glucosyl diether. Thus, strain A<sub>5</sub> should be a reference strain of Har. amylolytica and three novel species of Haloarcula, Haloarcula sediminis sp. nov., Haloarcula brevis sp. nov., and Haloarcula regularis sp. nov. are proposed to accommodate strains CK38<sup>T</sup> (= CGMCC 1.62732<sup>T</sup> = JCM 36675<sup>T</sup>), DT43<sup>T</sup> (= CGMCC 1.18924<sup>T</sup> = JCM 36146<sup>T</sup>), and SYNS111<sup>T</sup> (= CGMCC 1.62601<sup>T</sup> = JCM 36149<sup>T</sup>).</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lavínia da V Pereira, Tiago Rizzi, Micaela Federizzi, Katarzyna Z Donato, Ricardo K Donato, Alexandre M Fuentefria, Paula Reginatto
{"title":"Antifungal Associations with a Polyelectrolyte Promote Significant Reduction of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations against Opportunistic Candida spp. Strains.","authors":"Lavínia da V Pereira, Tiago Rizzi, Micaela Federizzi, Katarzyna Z Donato, Ricardo K Donato, Alexandre M Fuentefria, Paula Reginatto","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03960-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03960-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current global scenario presents us with a growing increase in infections caused by fungi, referred to by specialists in the field as a \"silent epidemic\", aggravated by the limited pharmacological arsenal and increasing resistance to this therapy. For this reason, drug repositioning and therapeutic compound combinations are promising strategies to mitigate this serious problem. In this context, this study investigates the antifungal activity of the non-toxic, low-cost and widely available cationic polyelectrolyte Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), in combination with different antifungal drugs: systemic (amphotericin B, AMB), topical (clioquinol, CLIO) and oral (nitroxoline, NTX). For each combination, different drug:PDDA ratios were tested and, through the broth microdilution technique, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these drugs in the different ratios against clinically important Candida species strains was determined. Overall, PDDA combinations with the studied drugs demonstrated a significant increase in drug activity against most strains, reaching MIC reductions of up to 512 fold for the fluconazole resistant Candida krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii). In particular, the AMB-PDDA combination 1:99 was highly effective against AMB-resistant strains, demonstrating the excellent profile of PDDA as an adjuvant/association in novel antifungal formulations with outdated conventional drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Native Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Associated with Organic Tea Plantations for Development of Bioinoculants for Crop Plants.","authors":"Stevenson Thabah, S R Joshi","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03962-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03962-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed at isolation of native plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) associated with organic tea plantations. Most research on tea and associated microbes have been on Darjeeling and Assam, known for their world-class tea. However, emerging tea plantations in remote Northeast India are gaining prominence due to their unique geographical location, favorable climate, and organic practices. This study investigated PGBP associated with these organic tea plantations, aimed to assess their potential cross-infectivity on non-host plants. A total of 58 PGP bacterial isolates were isolated from four organic tea plantations. Six potential isolates were further evaluated individually and as consortium for their PGP on rice and maize. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia spp. as individual and in consortium were found to have potent cross-infectivity with significant growth promotion in non-host plants indicated by plant height, root length, shoot, and root weight. The present findings suggest that PGPB native to organic tea plantations have potential cross-infectivity for use as a biofertilizers to improve the growth and productivity of non-host crops. This provides prospectives of using native bacteria on non-host plants paving the way for their potential application in sustainable agriculture practices for growth promotion of staple food crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}