Qimei Chen, Junqiang Hu, Gang Wang, Yuzhuo Wu, Dan He, Yunfan Shan, Jinyue Liu, Yin-Won Lee, Lina Zhao, Jianhong Xu
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Sphingopyxis sp. Q841: A New Zearalenone- Degrading Strain.","authors":"Qimei Chen, Junqiang Hu, Gang Wang, Yuzhuo Wu, Dan He, Yunfan Shan, Jinyue Liu, Yin-Won Lee, Lina Zhao, Jianhong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05125-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05125-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin exhibiting estrogenic activity that poses a considerable risk to human health. In this study, a ZEN-degrading bacterium isolated from soil was identified as Sphingopyxis sp. and designated strain Q841. Q841 completely degraded 5 mg/L of ZEN within 4 h in mineral medium. It showed the highest activity within the tested ranges (25-37°C, pH 4.0-9.0), with optimal activity at pH 9.0 and 37°C. Assays of degradation efficiency in different fractions indicated that the ZEN-degrading activity was mainly associated with intracellular components rather than with the extracellular fraction. LC-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified the major degradation product as 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6'-hydroxy-1'-undecen-10'-one, a compound previously reported to be non-estrogenic. A candidate hydrolase responsible for ZEN degradation, designated ZenQ, was identified through BLASTp analysis of proteins predicted from the Q841 genome, and its optimal catalytic conditions were determined to be 45°C and pH 8.0. In practical assessment using naturally contaminated distillers dried grains with solubles, treatment with Q841 reduced ZEN from 1.2 mg/kg to 0.28 mg/kg, below the EU feed safety limit of 500 µg/kg. These findings demonstrate that Sphingopyxis sp. Q841 possesses remarkable potential for ZEN biodegradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Jemima Princilly, S J Sudharshan, Bhavana Veerabhadrappa, Madhu Dyavaiah
{"title":"Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Yeast Cells with Defects in Mitochondrial Function under Oxidative Stress and Aging.","authors":"A Jemima Princilly, S J Sudharshan, Bhavana Veerabhadrappa, Madhu Dyavaiah","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05140-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05140-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria are involved in electron transport for energy production, generating cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, which in turn generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). When mitochondrial ROS exceeds the ability of antioxidant enzymes to scavenge free radicals, it leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we used astaxanthin, a well-known natural anti-aging compound, but its unique role in protecting yeast cells with mitochondrial dysfunction is poorly understood. Pre-treatment of astaxanthin significantly increased the viability of these mutant strains (bcs1∆, cox10∆, sdh2∆, sdh4∆, and sco1∆) when compared to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated cells and growth in non-fermentable media, as demonstrated in colony-forming unit and spot assays. Astaxanthin pre-treated cells show a decrease in the levels of intracellular ROS, catalase activity, apoptosis, and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated cells. This demonstrates that astaxanthin protects cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. Similarly, pre-treatment with astaxanthin modulates the expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (mitonuclear genes) and DNA repair genes (APN1 and OGG1) under oxidative stress. These results indicate that astaxanthin scavenges ROS and mitigates oxidative DNA damage. Astaxanthin also extends the lifespan of short-lived mutant strains as evaluated by the chronological lifespan assay. Overall, this study indicates that astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, supports cells with mitochondrial dysfunction and can be used as an anti-aging compound to encourage healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ailin Baiju, M Swathi, Anupama Chacko, U Akhila, Sinoy Johnson, M S Jestin, P Priyaja, P P Rajesh, Md Tabish Noori
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Different Anodic Inoculum in Microbial Fuel Cell for Efficient Methylene Blue Dye Degradation.","authors":"Ailin Baiju, M Swathi, Anupama Chacko, U Akhila, Sinoy Johnson, M S Jestin, P Priyaja, P P Rajesh, Md Tabish Noori","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05138-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05138-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates three different inoculum sources in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs), such as Marine Sediment (MFC-MS), Estuary Sediment (MFC-ES), and Anaerobic Sludge (MFC-AS), to compare the efficacy for Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation and electricity generation. All the MFCs were operated under identical conditions in batch mode using synthetic wastewater containing 3000 mg/L COD made using sodium acetate. The electrochemical study reveals that MFC inoculated with marine sediment achieved maximum power density of 35 mW/m² followed by anaerobic sludge (31 mW/m²) and estuary sediment (25 mW/m²). Statistical analysis was employed to evaluate performance differences among the systems and to support result interpretation. Maximum COD removal efficiency of 75% was obtained by MFC-AS, and coulombic efficiency (CE) was higher for MFC-MS with 25%. Maximum decolorization efficiency was noted in MFC with anaerobic sludge, which obtained 96% decolorization over 96 h. Comparative and trend-based statistical evaluation confirmed the superior treatment performance of MFC-assisted systems. The phytotoxicity study revealed that the toxicity effect of dye wastewater was reduced to its maximum after treatment in the MFC system. The dominant performance of MFC-MS is due to the efficiency of the major electrogenic bacteria concentrated in the inoculum. The functional annotation using the data obtained from metagenomics reveals the presence and role of various enzymes and pathways involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kang Yan, Pengxu Chen, Longhao Wang, Chengcai Zhu, Yangyang Li, Weicheng Bei, Shaojun He
{"title":"Berberine Hydrochloride Attenuates Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Associated Phenotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Strain APP-2023.","authors":"Kang Yan, Pengxu Chen, Longhao Wang, Chengcai Zhu, Yangyang Li, Weicheng Bei, Shaojun He","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05129-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05129-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae), the causative agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, poses significant economic threats to the global swine industry, further compounded by increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated the antibacterial and antivirulence effects of berberine hydrochloride (BBH) against A. pleuropneumoniae strain APP-2023 using in vitro assays and a murine infection model. BBH exhibited measurable antibacterial activity against the tested strain, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 312.5 µg/mL, indicating relatively modest growth-inhibitory potency. At subinhibitory concentrations, BBH reduced crystal violet-stained surface-associated biofilm biomass and increased bacterial susceptibility to oxidative and osmotic stress. Treated bacteria displayed marked morphological alterations including cell elongation, accompanied by reduced transcription of cell division genes ftsZ and ftsA. In the murine challenge model, infection with BBH-pretreated bacteria resulted in improved survival and reduced pulmonary bacterial burden. These findings provide preliminary evidence that BBH attenuates several virulence-associated phenotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae strain APP-2023 and warrant further mechanistic and translational studies in multiple strains and natural porcine infection models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Larsen, Aikaterini Efthymiou, Mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen, Birgit Jensen, Ole Nybroe, Beatriz Gómez-Muñoz
{"title":"Penicillium aculeatum pre-activated with cellulose and different phosphorus sources promotes maize growth, nutrition and mycorrhiza formation, and decreases Microdochium bolleyi root infection.","authors":"John Larsen, Aikaterini Efthymiou, Mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen, Birgit Jensen, Ole Nybroe, Beatriz Gómez-Muñoz","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05098-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05098-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial plant growth promoters often perform inconsistently under natural soil conditions most likely due to their poor establishment after inoculation. Here, we conducted a growth chamber pot experiment with maize using pre-activated inoculum of the P-solubilizing fungus Penicillium aculeatum to facilitate its establishment in a natural non-sterile agricultural soil. Hence, P. aculeatum was preincubated for one week in soil amended with cellulose as a C source and with different P sources, i.e. sewage sludge ash, Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and no P fertilization as control. Control treatments of C and P sources without P. aculeatum were also included. The pre-activated inocula were mixed into natural agricultural soil (1:40 w/w), maize seeds were sown, and plants were grown for 42 days. Measured variables included shoot and root dry weight, nutrient content, and root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and root infection with Microdochium bolleyi. Overall, P. aculeatum inoculation enhanced maize growth, nutrient content and AMF root colonization, while reduced root infection with M. bolleyi, independent of P source used. Both P sources increased maize growth and nutrient content, though sewage sludge ash showed stronger effect than Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. None of the P sources affected AMF root colonization, but sewage sludge ash decreased M. bolleyi root infection and increased the population density of P. aculeatum. In conclusion, inoculation with pre-activated P. aculeatum (with cellulose and P sources) enhances maize growth and nutrient uptake, and is associated with increased AMF root colonization and reduced root infection by M. bolleyi.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudhir Sinha, Saman Athar, Vinita Agrawal, Amita Aggarwal, Alok Kumar
{"title":"Styrene Maleic Acid Lipid Particles Prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Plasma Membrane can Potentially Induce Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Healthy Individuals of a Tuberculosis Hyperendemic Region.","authors":"Sudhir Sinha, Saman Athar, Vinita Agrawal, Amita Aggarwal, Alok Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05097-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05097-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging paradigm suggests that an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) should elicit the necessary innate and adaptive immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We previously reported that styrene-maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) prepared from Mtb plasma membrane (MtM) contain proteins, lipoproteins, and glycolipids capable of inducing these responses in humans. Here, we have evaluated the responses induced by MtM and MtM-SMALPs in fifteen donors of a cohort of healthcare workers from north India. Key cytokines associated with innate (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and adaptive (IFN-γ) immune responses were assayed by ELISA in the supernatants of blood cultures, which were also used for the determination of T cell proliferative responses by flow cytometry. Serum antibody levels assayed by ELISA served as additional markers of adaptive immunity. MtM-SMALPs enhanced the production of all four cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner whereas higher concentrations of MtM suppressed these responses, significantly for IL-1β. Antibody responses also diverged, with IgM predominating against MtM and IgG against MtM-SMALPs, although overall antibody levels against MtM-SMALPs were low. Together, these findings indicate that MtM-SMALPs are enriched in constituents capable of eliciting the innate and adaptive immunity against Mtb and support further evaluation of SMALPs as a potential vaccine platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Buddhadeb Roy, Anirban Roy, Bikash Mondal, A R Sherpa, Siriya Sultana, Parimal Sinha
{"title":"Emerging Viruses Associated with Chayote (Sechium edule): Current Knowledge, Perspectives, Insights, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Buddhadeb Roy, Anirban Roy, Bikash Mondal, A R Sherpa, Siriya Sultana, Parimal Sinha","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05108-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05108-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chayote (Sechium edule) is an important cucurbit crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates for its edible fruits, shoots, and roots. Its production faces growing threats from various viral pathogens, including Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, Squash leaf curl Philippines virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and Tomato spotted wilt virus which are in emerging trend. The viruses spread by vectors such as whiteflies, aphids, and thrips are predominant in agroecosystems where chayote is grown. Viral infection can cause symptoms such as mosaic patterns, leaf curling, stunting, and necrosis, potentially incur considerable yield loss. Growing popularity of the crop and advances in experimental knowledge demands a critical evaluation that may help improving crop resilience against the current problems associated with chayote cultivation. This review gathers current information on viruses affecting chayote, their distribution, transmission, host range, and symptoms, while pointing out important gaps and future research needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutebi John Kenneth, Chin-Chia Wu, Chuan-Yin Fang, Michael W Y Chan, Bing-Mu Hsu
{"title":"Deciphering Post-surgery Gut Microbial Dynamics in Colorectal Cancer through Multi-cohort Machine Learning.","authors":"Mutebi John Kenneth, Chin-Chia Wu, Chuan-Yin Fang, Michael W Y Chan, Bing-Mu Hsu","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05099-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05099-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical resection, and its associated bowel preparation, remain the primary treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the associated effects on postoperative gut microbiota composition remain poorly characterized. This study profiled gut microbial compositional changes before and after colorectal surgery and identified microbial signatures associated with postoperative recovery. Four external study cohorts were integrated to strengthen biological interpretation of our internal cohort observations. Leveraging Machine learning (ML) combined with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), we identified specific taxa contributing to pre- and post-operative stratification such as Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Streptococcus. Specifically, Akkermansia was identified as a major contributor to the post-operative microbiota stratification, supporting its potential as a microbial biomarker for post- operative recovery. Our study lays the groundwork for future studies on the key identified microbial signatures for postoperative recovery monitoring and microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pulse Virome Profiling in India: Incidence, Diversity, and Mixed Infection Dynamics.","authors":"Bharat Raj Meena, Susheel Kumar Sharma, Anirban Roy, C Gayacharan, Gyan Prakash Mishra, Halima Khatoon, Marimuthu Elangovan, Lalit P Patil, Jameel Akhtar, Pardeep Kumar, Nagendran Krishnan, Rekha Kumari Meena, Kajal Kumar Biswas","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05107-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05107-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although India leads global food legume production, productivity remains low largely due to viral diseases. Despite the known diversity of legume-infecting viruses, comprehensive studies integrating disease incidence, severity, virome composition, co-infection dynamics, and spatial genetic variability across major pulse-growing regions of northern and central India remain limited. To address these gaps, the present study employed an integrated approach involving field surveys across 117 pulse fields in six Indian states, high-throughput sequencing, RT-PCR validation, phylogeny and MAPI-based genetic diversity analysis to characterize the pulse virome and its association with viral diseases. Yellow mosaic was the most dominant symptom, followed by leaf crinkle, with average disease severities exceeding 70% and 22%, respectively, in several districts surveyed. Among symptomatic plant samples, MYMIV was the most frequently detected virus (94.02%), followed by MYMV (70.94%) and GBNV (48.72%). Analyses of PCR-based detection of individual symptomatic samples revealed frequent mixed infections, with MYMIV+MYMV+GBNV representing the predominant co-infection combination. Satellite molecules including PaLCuB and ChiLCA were also detected in mungbean. Phylogenetic analysis revealed moderate intermixing of viral isolates across host crops and geographic regions without clear host-specific clustering. Spatial genetic analysis identified regional nucleotide divergence for MYMV and MYMIV, whereas GBNV populations showed comparatively lower nucleotide variability. Correlation analysis suggested MYMIV as the principal contributor to yellow mosaic severity, while GBNV, SYMMV and CPMMV showed stronger association with necrosis symptom. Overall, the study revealed a complex and regionally heterogeneous pulse virome dominated by begomoviruses and orthotospoviruses, highlighting the importance of continuous viral surveillance and integrated resistance breeding strategies targeting prevalent mixed infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kátia de Lima Nechet, Alfredo José Barreto Luiz, Ana Júlia Dias Dos Reis Barbosa, Gabriela Maria de Lima Dias, Bernardo de Almeida Halfeld-Vieira
{"title":"Biomass and Spore Yield of Cercospora aff. canescens by Submerged Fermentation: Defining and Optimizing Culture Conditions.","authors":"Kátia de Lima Nechet, Alfredo José Barreto Luiz, Ana Júlia Dias Dos Reis Barbosa, Gabriela Maria de Lima Dias, Bernardo de Almeida Halfeld-Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s00284-026-05092-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-026-05092-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.) are important weeds in Brazilian agriculture, particularly in non-burning sugarcane farming system. The fungus Cercospora aff. canescens has been selected as potential mycoherbicide; however, inoculum production is considered a challenge. The purpose of this study was to define and optimize culture conditions for biomass and spore yield of Cercospora aff. canescens CMAA 1444 in submerged fermentation. Initially, a Plackett-Burman experimental design with 12 treatments was conducted using a modified Czapek-Dox medium to screen the effect of these factors: carbon (dextrose): nitrogen (calcium nitrate) ratios (10:1, 50:1, and 100:1), pH (4, 7, and 8.5), light periods (0 = continuous dark, 12 h, and 24 h), magnesium sulphate (0.25 g.L<sup>- 1</sup>, 1 g.L<sup>- 1</sup>, and 2.5 g.L<sup>- 1</sup>) and potassium sulphate (0.25 g.L<sup>- 1</sup>, 1 gL<sup>- 1</sup>, and 2.5 g.L<sup>- 1</sup>) concentrations. Afterwards, individual assays were conducted in a completely randomized design using a broader range of C: N ratios (0:1; 20:1; 40:1; 60:1; 80:1; 100:1) and pH (3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8; 8.5, and 9). Highest biomass and spore yield were obtained after 14 days of submerged fermentation. Optimal conditions shared by both responses included 24-h light period, magnesium sulphate at 0.25 g.L<sup>- 1</sup>, and potassium chloride at 0.25 g.L<sup>- 1</sup>. Maximum biomass (3.0 g) was achieved at C: N ratio 100:1 and pH = 8.5, whereas maximum spore yield (8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> spores.mL<sup>- 1</sup>) was achieved at C: N ratio 40:1 and pH = 5. These results represent an important step toward large-scale production of Cercospora aff. canescens, enabling its use as a mycoherbicide for the control of morningglories.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}