Diagnostic Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"FNAC of Crystallizing Galactocele: Case Series of a Rare Entity With Review of Literature","authors":"Kamali,&nbsp;Jyotsna Naresh Bharti,&nbsp;Jyoti Verma,&nbsp;Arumulla Mithilesh","doi":"10.1002/dc.25485","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25485","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Galactoceles are one of the most common non-neoplastic breast lesions occurring predominantly in pregnant and lactating women. Long-standing cases of galactocele can crystallize and form a rare entity called crystallizing galactocele. We report two cases of crystallizing galactocele. The first case is a 21-year-old female who presented with bilateral breast lumps for 1 year, which was diagnosed as left breast crystallizing galactocele and right breast as inflamed galactocele. This is the first reported case with synchronous presentation of crystallizing galactocele and inflamed galactocele in the same patient. The second case is a 19-year-old female who presented with a painless right breast lump for 2 weeks, for which FNAC turned out to be crystallizing galactocele. To the best of our knowledge, to date, there are only 21 cases of crystallizing galactoceles published in the English literature.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 9","pages":"E170-E175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is a Significant Nuclear Groove in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology?","authors":"Imad A. El Hag,&nbsp;Sadeem Al-Subaie,&nbsp;Shuaa M. Asiri,&nbsp;Fadel Z. Alotaibi,&nbsp;Somya M. Alabashi,&nbsp;Abdulmalik Alsheikh,&nbsp;Abrar G. Alghamdi","doi":"10.1002/dc.25491","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25491","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nuclear grooves are an important diagnostic feature in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA). However, their exact role remains undefined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study includes both retrospective and prospective analyses of the significance of identifying and counting deep grooves under low-power magnification (20×) in Pap-stained cytology smears for the classification of thyroid FNA results and, consequently, patient management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two cut-off points have been identified to stratify thyroid smears into three categories: benign with no grooves identified, 1–9 grooves in indeterminate cases, and ≥ 10 grooves in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Deep groove identification and counting under 20× magnification are highly reproducible between observers (<i>K</i> = 0.61). Using groove-based criteria instead of the archival Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (BSRTC) leads to a significantly higher diagnosis of follicular adenomas as benign (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), with fewer noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) categorized as benign (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The follicular variant of papillary carcinomas (FV-PTC), previously considered indeterminate, showed a significant decline (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and false-negative diagnoses of PTC and FV-PTC were eliminated. A significant difference favoring the groove-based approach was noted regarding specificity and positive (PLR) and negative (NLR) likelihood ratios (<i>p</i> = 0.0014). Finally, a substantial reduction in the false-negative rate was observed prospectively (<i>p</i> = 0.0014). The number of unnecessary surgeries among benign cases has decreased.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incorporating the presence and frequency of deep nuclear grooves seen at 20× magnification improves the outcome of thyroid FNA classification and overall patient management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 9","pages":"437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Series: Can a Cytological Smear Indicate the Histological Type of Thymoma and Distinguish Thymoma From Thymic Carcinoma?","authors":"Nikola Gardić,&nbsp;Sonja Tomić,&nbsp;Dejan Miljković,&nbsp;Aleksandra Lovrenski","doi":"10.1002/dc.25493","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25493","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cytological characteristics of thymoma are not extensively documented in the literature, primarily due to the tumor's rarity. To our knowledge, there are no standardized criteria for the cytological classification of thymomas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Reports</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report three cases of female patients with cytological smears of thymic epithelial neoplasms, correlating them with the corresponding surgical specimens. In all three smears, the cytological features of the cells were similar and consisted of epithelial and lymphocytic components. Epithelial cells were approximately twice the size of lymphocytes, although some were five times larger, displaying prominent nucleoli and marked nuclear atypia. In many areas of the smears, prominent crush artifacts with chromatin streaking were observed in thymoma cases. The thymic carcinoma case had an inconspicuous crush artifact. The number of lymphocytes varied on the smears. In the smears of thymoma, we had a high number of lymphocytes intermixed with epithelial cells, while in thymic carcinoma, we have just a few scattered lymphocytes. In one case of thymoma, a higher number of mast cells were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal masses is essential for the future clinical management of these patients. As such, cytological diagnosis sometimes plays an important role, although the distinct cytological features of thymic epithelial lesions can be challenging. Our cases suggest specific cytological features that may help differentiate thymoma from thymic carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 9","pages":"E165-E169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Cytologic and Histologic Grading of Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors and Salivary Gland Neoplasms of Uncertain Malignant Potential: A 6-Year Review at a Single Institution","authors":"Agnes I. Udoh,&nbsp;Cecilia G. Clement","doi":"10.1002/dc.25490","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25490","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) developed and published in 2018 recommends grading salivary gland neoplasms into high-grade (HG) or low-grade (LG), given its impact on clinical management. Although this cytologic grading can be done, in certain cases it can be challenging. Herein we assess the accuracy of cytologic grading of salivary gland neoplasms at our institution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective review of medical records identified 365 patients who underwent salivary gland FNA between 2017 and 2022. Cases categorized as malignant, suspicious for malignancy, and salivary gland neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) by the Milan system and with available follow-up histology were selected. FNA cases were reviewed and blindly assigned a cytologic grade. No ancillary testing or cell blocks associated with study cases were examined. The cytologic grade was correlated with the final surgical diagnosis and grade. The diagnostic performance of cytologic tumor grading was determined using histologic grading as the gold standard. One case with intermediate (INT) histologic grade was excluded from this analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 40 cases included in the study, 70% (<i>n</i> = 28) were SUMPs, 5% (<i>n</i> = 2) were suspicious of malignancy, and 25% (<i>n</i> = 10) were malignant. Among the 39 cases analyzed (12 histologic HG, 27 histologic LG), cytologic grading correctly identified 7 of the 12 HG cases, yielding a sensitivity of 58.3% (95% CI: 30.4%–82.5%). Twenty-six of 27 LG cases were accurately categorized as LG on cytology, resulting in a specificity of 96.3% (95% CI: 81.7%–99.8%). The positive predictive value for cytologically diagnosed HG cases was 87.5% (7 of 8; 95% CI: 52.9%–97.8%), and the negative predictive value (LG accuracy) was 83.9%. Overall, cytologic grading demonstrated an accuracy of 84.6% (33 of 39; 95% CI: 69.5%–93.0%). The most common diagnosis among the LG cases accurately graded was acinic cell carcinoma. HG-mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) was the most common diagnosis among HG cases accurately graded. There were seven cases (17.5%) with cytology–histology discordances, four of which involved SUMP tumors that were HG malignancies by histology. Three of the discrepancies involved a histologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study showed an overall high accuracy for cytologic grading of salivary gland neoplasms. Discordance in cytologic grading was more frequent in the SUMP category and involved a histolo","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 9","pages":"427-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Combined With FNA-Tg Predicts the Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma","authors":"Yan Liu,&nbsp;Ling Xiang,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Noorazrul Azmie Yahya,&nbsp;Jing-kun Yin,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Hamzaini Bin Abdul Hamid,&nbsp;Jia-ning Chai,&nbsp;Hanani Abdul Manan","doi":"10.1002/dc.25489","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25489","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study analyzed typical ultrasound manifestations and fine-needle aspiration thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg) levels to investigate their association with cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data of 139 PTC patients with ultrasonically suspected cervical lymph node metastasis treated in our hospital from December 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All included patients underwent ultrasound examination of cervical lymph nodes, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA-C) examination, and ultrasound-guided lymph node aspiration eluent thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg). Typical ultrasound signs for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis (US-M) and ultrasound-guided FNA-Tg for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis were compared and analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results indicate that 71 patients were diagnosed with cervical lymph node metastasis through surgery and subsequently included in the metastatic group; the remaining 68 patients were included in the nonmetastatic group. The FNA-Tg value in the metastatic group was higher than that in the nonmetastatic group; the difference was significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The AUC values for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients using US-M, FNA-Tg, and US-M+FNA-Tg were 0.854, 0.927, and 0.952. When the cut-off value of FNA-Tg was 229.1 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients were 84.5% and 89.5%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound-guided FNA-Tg level is closely related to cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC. The combination of ultrasound examination and FNA-Tg testing significantly enhances the accuracy of predicting lateral cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 9","pages":"421-426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomorphology in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis and Correlation With Acid Fast Bacilli Detection by Papanicolaou, Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescence and Ziehl-Neelsen Techniques","authors":"Seethalakshmi Viswanathan,&nbsp;C. P. Shroff","doi":"10.1002/dc.25486","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25486","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a common cause of lymphadenopathy in developing countries. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) along with acid fast bacilli (AFB) detection is an invaluable diagnostic test. Fluorescent methods for AFB detection have greater sensitivity as compared to the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence of TB lymphadenitis was determined among all lymph nodes aspirated over 5 years, from January 1993 to May 1998 in an Indian referral hospital. Cytomorphological spectrum was studied in 234 smears, and AFB positivity was determined by Papanicolaou (PAP), Auramine-Rhodamine (AR) fluorescence as compared to the ZN method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of a total of 6592 lymph node aspirates, 33.86% were diagnosed as tuberculosis; maximum patients were between 11 and 30 years (68.5%), with a female predominance. Cervical nodes were commonly involved (85.6%). Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 41.4% of the 55 patients diagnosed with HIV infection. Cytomorphology in 234 smears examined predominantly showed caseous necrosis with degenerating histiocytes (48.7%). PAP method was the most sensitive for AFB detection (73.1%), followed by AR (57.7%) and ZN (42.3%) and the rate of AFB detection and bacillary load increased with the presence of caseous necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells and decreased with epithelioid cells, presence of caseous necrosis being statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incidence of tuberculous lymphadenitis is high in developing countries. FNAC along with AFB detection is a reliable and definitive diagnostic procedure. Fluorescent techniques are more sensitive than ZN method for AFB detection, with certain limitations. Further studies may need to be done to evaluate their diagnostic utility over ZN method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 8","pages":"402-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dc.25486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Genetic Twist: Cytologic Evaluation of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Steatohepatitic Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Patient With a Rare POLE Mutation","authors":"Lynn Messersmith,&nbsp;Areeba H. Rizvi,&nbsp;Dina El-Rayes,&nbsp;Jimmie Stewart III","doi":"10.1002/dc.25488","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mutations in the DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene are associated with an increased risk of various malignancies, including colorectal and other gastrointestinal, endometrial, ovarian, breast, and brain cancers. In extremely rare cases, POLE mutations have also been associated with pancreatic and hepatobiliary carcinomas. We present the case of an 87-year-old female with a complex medical history including multiple malignancies, who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations of a pancreatic head mass and a liver lesion. Utilizing rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) and full cytologic workup, she was ultimately diagnosed with synchronous pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the steatohepatitic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Given her history of multiple malignancies, she underwent genetic testing, and a rare germline POLE mutation was discovered. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of potential POLE-associated syndromes and highlights the critical role of cytopathology in fine-needle aspiration procedures for diagnosis and management of complex oncologic cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 8","pages":"E160-E164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dc.25488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Myriad Spectrum of Salivary Gland Lesions: Cytohistological Correlation on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Core Needle Biopsy, and Resections in a 5-Year Single Institutional Experience of North India","authors":"Zachariah Chowdhury,&nbsp;Pallavi Majumdar,&nbsp;Sumeet Narain,&nbsp;Komal Lamba","doi":"10.1002/dc.25487","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25487","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cost-effective method used for preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Due to the wide range of tumor types, overlapping morphology, and limited cellularity, diagnosing salivary gland lesions on FNAC can be challenging. A pattern-based approach focusing on cellular and architectural features possible on core needle biopsy (CNB) can help refine differential diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the concordance between FNAC and histological diagnoses obtained from CNB, as well as examine the risk of malignancy (ROM), and evaluate the agreement between histopathological assessments and diagnoses of these lesions in both CNB and resection specimens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Oncopathology at a tertiary cancer center of North India over a period of 5 years. Cases wherein diagnosis offered on two modalities—FNAC and CNB were—available, were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 105 cases were identified. Category VI was the predominant category (60.95%) and the ROM in categories II, III, and IV was higher compared to that mentioned in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. Correlation between FNAC and CNB was achieved in 78.1% of cases, and between CNB and the final diagnosis on resection specimen was attained in 100% of cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The limitations of FNAC can be obviated by the utilization of CNB. Ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry and/or cytogenetics wherever necessary can be smoothly applied on biopsy material, establishing the precise diagnosis and thereby providing definitive direction to further management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 8","pages":"391-401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dc.25487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual Metastases to the Axillary Lymph Nodes on Cytology: Cases That Mandate Out-Of-The-Box Thinking!","authors":"Phalak Pooja Ashok,&nbsp;Dharaiya Majal Chetankumar,&nbsp;Samanta Satarupa Taraknath,&nbsp;Gogoi Bidyut Bikash,&nbsp;Trivedi Priti Pinakin","doi":"10.1002/dc.25479","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25479","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The thorax, breast, arm, and upper abdominal wall above the umbilicus drain into the axillary lymph nodes. The breast is typically the most frequent primary site for axillary lymph node metastases. While breast cancer is the most frequent primary site for axillary lymph node metastases, metastases from non-mammary sites, though rare, may also occur. In this study, we aimed to analyze the cytomorphological and clinical characteristics of non-breast cancers metastasizing to axillary lymph nodes, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using computerized electronic records, we retrospectively identified cases of non-breast malignancies metastasizing to the axillary lymph nodes. Slides were reviewed, and the distinct cytomorphological features of each entity were tabulated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 24 cases of non-breast primary cancers metastasizing to axillary lymph nodes were identified. These included six squamous cell carcinomas from the upper limb, four lung adenocarcinomas, three squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region, two high-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary, two soft tissue sarcomas (one from the upper limb and one from the back), and one case each of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, gallbladder adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma of the great toe, primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study underscores the importance of considering non-breast primaries in the differential diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastases. Accurate diagnosis of these unusual tumors requires meticulous cytomorphological evaluation, a thorough clinical history, relevant radiological investigations, and the judicious use of immunocytochemical markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 8","pages":"382-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-Needle Aspiration of Parotid Gland Sialoblastoma. Two New Cases and Literature Review","authors":"Elwira Bakula-Zalewska,&nbsp;Henryk A. Domanski,&nbsp;Jerzy Klijanienko","doi":"10.1002/dc.25480","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25480","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sialoblastoma is an exceedingly rare, low-grade malignancy, most frequently arising in the parotid gland. Only four case reports detailing the cytomorphology of this neoplasm exist in the English literature. Here, we describe the cytological features, histopathology, and clinical data of sialoblastomas presented at birth in two additional patients. Both neoplasms were initially examined by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) followed by surgical excision of the tumors. Smears showed hypercellularity and basaloid round to oval cells isolated or arranged in three-dimensional clusters. Papillary and acinar configurations, metachromatic pink stromal fragments, and hyaline globules were also present. One case was diagnosed as a neoplasm of unclear malignant potential and the second as malignant.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":"53 8","pages":"E155-E159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}