Diagnostic Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Cytomorphology of monomorphic spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements: A case with local recurrence after subtotal resection","authors":"Asma Arshia MBBS,&nbsp;Lame Balikani MD, MPH,&nbsp;Christine N. Booth MD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25301","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements (SETTLE) is a rare biphasic thyroid tumor with low malignant potential that has a distinct morphology. Despite fine needle aspiration (FNA) being a common method for evaluating thyroid nodules and lymph nodes, there are limited cytologic descriptions of SETTLE in the literature due to its rarity. As a result, SETTLE is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as medullary carcinoma, thymoma, teratoma, synovial sarcoma, or solitary fibrous tumor, among others. We present a case of a 28-year-old man with a history of a hemithyroidectomy diagnosed as SETTLE found to have a neck nodule along the strap muscle suspicious for recurrence 5 years post-surgery. The ultrasound-guided FNA cytology specimen of the neck nodule showed loosely cohesive, monomorphous ovoid to spindled cells with scant cytoplasm and nuclei with fine to granular chromatin. In addition, there were occasional clusters of cells with a papillary configuration. The tumor cells were associated with magenta, amorphous extracellular material. Immunocytochemical staining of the cell block material revealed that tumor cells were positive for p63, cytokeratin AE1/3, and CK8/18 and negative for TTF-1 and thyroglobulin. Overall, the morphological and immunocytochemical findings were consistent with a local recurrence of SETTLE. The subsequent left anterior strap mass excision revealed a 4 cm encapsulated tumor consistent with SETTLE. Because ofits rarity and low level of awareness, SETTLE poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We herein present the cytologic findings of monomorphic SETTLE and highlight the potential cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic pitfalls. We also highlight how tumors with high-risk features can be a therapeutic challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving cervical cancer classification in PAP smear images with enhanced segmentation and deep progressive learning-based techniques","authors":"Priyanka Mahajan PhD,&nbsp;Prabhpreet Kaur PhD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25295","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25295","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cervical cancer, a prevalent and deadly disease among women, comes second only to breast cancer, with over 700 daily deaths. The Pap smear test is a widely utilized screening method for detecting cervical cancer in its early stages. However, this manual screening process is prone to a high rate of false-positive outcomes because of human errors. Researchers are using machine learning and deep learning in computer-aided diagnostic tools to address this issue. These tools automatically analyze and sort cervical cytology and colposcopy images, improving the precision of identifying various stages of cervical cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article uses state-of-the-art deep learning methods, such as ResNet-50 for categorizing cervical cancer cells to assist medical professionals. The method includes three key steps: preprocessing, segmentation using k-means clustering, and classifying cancer cells. The model is assessed based on performance metrics viz; precision, accuracy, kappa score, precision, sensitivity, and specificity. In the end, the high success rate shows that the ResNet50 model is a valuable tool for timely detection of cervical cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outputs</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, the infected cervical region is pinpointed using spatial K-means clustering and preprocessing operations. This sequence of actions is followed by a progressive learning technique. The Progressive Learning technique then proceeded through several stages: Stage 1 with 64 × 64 images, Stage 2 with 224 × 224 images, Stage 3 with 512 × 512 images, and the final Stage 4 with 1024 × 1024 images. The outcomes show that the suggested model is effective for analyzing Pap smear tests, achieving 97.4% accuracy and approx. 98% kappa score.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid biopsy of wash samples obtained via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy: Comparison with liquid biopsy of plasma in pancreatic cancer","authors":"Hiroshi Ohyama MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yosuke Hirotsu PhD,&nbsp;Kenji Amemiya MS,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Amano MD,&nbsp;Sumio Hirose MD, PhD,&nbsp;Toshio Oyama MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yuji Iimuro MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yuichiro Kojima MD, PhD,&nbsp;Rintaro Mikata MD, PhD,&nbsp;Hitoshi Mochizuki MD, PhD,&nbsp;Naoya Kato MD, PhD,&nbsp;Masao Omata MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Liquid biopsy, which analyzes circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood, holds promise for precision medicine; however, low ctDNA detection rates pose challenges. This study aimed to investigate the utility of wash samples obtained via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) as a liquid biopsy for PC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 166 samples (42 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissues, 80 wash samples, and 44 plasma samples) were collected from 48 patients with PC for genomic analysis. DNA was extracted and quantified, and 60 significantly mutated genes were sequenced. The genomic profiles of FFPE tissues, wash samples, and plasma samples were compared. Finally, the ability to detect druggable mutations in 80 wash samples and 44 plasma samples was investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The amount of DNA was significantly lower in plasma samples than in wash samples. Genomic analysis revealed a higher detection rate of oncogenic mutations in FFPE tissues (98%) and wash samples (96%) than in plasma samples (18%) and a comparable detection rate in FFPE tissues and wash samples. Tumor-derived oncogenic mutations were detected more frequently in wash samples than in plasma samples. Furthermore, the oncogenic mutations detection rate remained high in wash samples at all PC stages but low in plasma samples even at advanced PC stages. Using wash samples was more sensitive than plasma samples for identifying oncogenic and druggable mutations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The wash sample obtained via EUS-FNB is an ideal specimen for use as a liquid biopsy for PC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respond to “Comments on ‘Diagnostic models for predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda category III in an endemic region’”","authors":"Zeliha Aydın Kasap PhD,&nbsp;Burçin Kurt PhD,&nbsp;Elif Özsağır MD,&nbsp;Mustafa Emre Ercin MD,&nbsp;Ali Güner MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25303","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An isolated sacral promyelocytic sarcoma in a child: A rare case report with emphasis on cytomorphology","authors":"Jeongeun Do MD,&nbsp;Talal Arshad MBBS,&nbsp;Juanita Emily Ferreira MBBS,&nbsp;Leonard Nsoyori Yenwongfai MD,&nbsp;Hafsa Nebbache MD,&nbsp;Derek Blake Allison MD,&nbsp;Dava West Piecoro MD,&nbsp;Melissa Vandyke Kesler MD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25304","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an uncommon localized extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid precursor cells that can affect any organ. Promyelocytic sarcoma (PS), an extremely rare subtype of MS, is characterized by immature myeloid cells with features of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We describe a case of pediatric PS that presented as a solitary sacral mass without any evidence of systemic or bone marrow involvement. The cytopathologic evaluation using touch imprint demonstrated numerous blasts with bilobed nuclei, cytoplasmic hyper-granularity, and aggregates of Auer rods, which are typical cytomorphologic features of APL. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of isolated PS in a child, emphasizing the importance of cytomorphologic evaluation, which is complemented by the findings from a comprehensive work-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solitary fibrous tumor of deep parotid gland preoperatively classified as salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential by the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: A common diagnosis for a rare entity","authors":"Hamza Numan Gokozan MD,&nbsp;Theresa Scognamiglio MD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25305","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25305","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare fibroblastic tumor with spindle cell morphology, which is characterized by a prominent branching vasculature and a <i>NAB2-STAT6</i> gene rearrangement. SFT may occur in any anatomical site and may involve salivary glands, including the parotid gland. We present a young female with a primary parotid SFT diagnosed as “neoplasm—Salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP)” per the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with surgical pathology follow-up. Cytomorphology of SFT is diverse and overlaps with more common entities causing a diagnostic challenge. Non-diagnostic FNA results are not uncommon. Thankfully, the majority of SFTs involving the salivary gland can be identified as “neoplasm” on FNA. The Neoplasm-SUMP subcategory is considered for the majority of cases, which would warrant a diagnostic excision with clear surgical margins, which is also curative in most cases. The Neoplasm-SUMP also perfectly encompasses the neoplastic behavior of SFT, which runs on a scale from indolent to malignant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dc.25305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on “Diagnostic models for predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda category III in an endemic region”","authors":"Archit Goel MBBS,&nbsp;Gargi Kapatia MD, DNB, PDCC,&nbsp;Shruti Gupta MD, PDCC,&nbsp;Vikasdeep Gupta MS,&nbsp;Shivani Sidana MD, DM","doi":"10.1002/dc.25302","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The American Board of Pathology cytopathology board examination: Personal recollections of the first cytopathology board exam and a brief historical perspective","authors":"George G. Birdsong MD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25299","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140109617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial cytological findings for a mesonephric-like endometrial adenocarcinoma: A case report","authors":"Hirotaka Omine CT,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Ishida MD, PhD,&nbsp;Natsuki Sasaki CT,&nbsp;Hikaru Kato CT,&nbsp;Tamiko Nagai CT,&nbsp;Mihoko Ishikawa CT,&nbsp;Mina Takaoka MD,&nbsp;Shuhei Noda MD,&nbsp;Hadzki Matsuda MD, PhD,&nbsp;Akira Mitsuhashi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25300","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A mesonephric-like endometrial adenocarcinoma (ML-EAC) is very rare and has a worse prognosis than other endometrial carcinomas. We describe an ML-EAC and report our endometrial cytological findings. A 76-year-old woman presented with irregular genital bleeding and a uterine mass. Endometrial cytology revealed atypical cylindrical or spindle-shaped cells in the form of small aggregates or solitary cells. The cell aggregates exhibited irregularly stacked papillary structures, small glandular structures, and fenestrated structures. The atypical cells had a nucleus with fine-granular chromatin and a granular cytoplasm, and nuclear grooves and intranuclear pseudo-inclusions were present. Hyaline globules were observed in the glandular lumens and in the background. The presumptive histological type was an adenocarcinoma, but the cytological features were different from those of an endometrioid carcinoma. A histological examination of the endometrial biopsy revealed an adenocarcinoma, and a simple hysterectomy was performed. A grayish-white elevated mass measuring 90 mm × 70 mm × 40 mm was observed on the uterine corpus in the hysterectomy specimen. Histologically, the tumor proliferated as complex tubular structures containing eosinophilic colloid-like materials and trabecular structures. The tumor cells were diffuse and positive for GATA-3 and partially positive for thyroid transcription factor-1. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were negative. An ML-EAC was diagnosed. The tumor was invasive and extended beyond one-half of the muscle layer with a high degree of vascular invasion. In conclusion, we need to focus on the various shapes of the cell aggregate, nuclear grooves, and intranuclear pseudo-inclusions of tumor cells to distinguish an ML-EAC from other endometrial carcinomas in endometrial cytology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dc.25300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140058927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of lung FNA with atypical squamous cells","authors":"Timothy Leif Helland MD,&nbsp;Vanda F. Torous MD","doi":"10.1002/dc.25298","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dc.25298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a commonly employed method for initial diagnosis and work-up of pulmonary nodules. Utilization of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has the added benefit of allowing for triaging of material as appropriate for ancillary studies including microbiology testing. While many pulmonary lesions are easily categorized by cytologic evaluation, more difficult cases exist. In particular, pulmonary lesions demonstrating atypical squamoid cells can cause diagnostic challenge given the morphologic overlap between benign and malignant pulmonary lesions showing atypical squamoid cells. We herein review these common and uncommon squamoid lesions, which may enter within the differential when encountering atypical squamoid cells in pulmonary FNA specimens with emphasis on morphologic pitfalls and approaches to appropriate categorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11349,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}