Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

{"title":"The role of community disorder in the association between drug availability and drug use: A moderated mediation analysis","authors":"Beidi Dong ,&nbsp;Brianna Camero ,&nbsp;David Weisburd ,&nbsp;Clair Uding","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Drug availability plays a crucial role in shaping drug use behavior. This study examines how reported drug presence, operationalized as living on a drug hot spot street, influences self-reported drug use through perceived drug availability and whether community disorder moderates this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from 3738 respondents residing on 449 street segments in Baltimore, Maryland (August 2013 – June 2014), categorized as crime hot spots or non-hot spots. Logistic regression models with robust standard errors estimated the direct association between reported drug presence and self-reported drug use, as well as the indirect association mediated through perceived drug availability. Additionally, a moderated mediation analysis tested whether community disorder conditioned the indirect pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The relationship between reported drug presence and self-reported drug use was primarily indirect, operating through perceived availability. When perceived availability was included, the odds ratio for reported drug presence decreased from 1.19 [95 % CI: 1.00, 1.40] to 1.09 [95 % CI: 0.92, 1.29], while perceived availability was strongly associated with self-reported drug use (odds ratio = 1.45 [95 % CI: 1.23, 1.72]). However, this indirect pathway was statistically significant only in areas with lower levels of community disorder but insignificant in high-disorder settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Perceptions of drug availability significantly influence drug use behavior. While reducing perceived availability may be particularly effective in lower-disorder areas, addressing drug use in vulnerable, high-disorder settings requires a comprehensive, cross-sector approach that improves environmental conditions and addresses broader socioeconomic factors contributing to disorder and drug use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormalities of neural excitatory-inhibitory balance in the motor cortex associated with chronic smoking in male participants","authors":"Yuyu Song ,&nbsp;Jialiang Chen ,&nbsp;Xue Xia ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Jianing Wei ,&nbsp;Meilin Song ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Chronic smoking is associated with differences in intracortical circuits within the hand area of the primary motor cortex. However, given that smoking involves fine hand-to-mouth coordination, its potential impact on the excitability of the oral motor cortex remains unexplored. This study compared people who smoke chronically with those who do not, to examine differences in motor cortex excitability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to quantify intracortical circuit excitability in the hand and oral motor areas. Single-pulse TMS assessed corticospinal and corticobulbar excitability. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were applied for statistical analysis, and correlation analyses were conducted to explore associations between electrophysiological measures and smoking-related parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with people who do not smoke, people who smoke showed greater short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in both the hand (5 ms) and oral (3 ms, 5 ms) motor cortices, and reduced intracortical facilitation (ICF) in the hand area (10 ms). Corticospinal excitability did not differ between groups, whereas corticobulbar excitability was lower in people who smoke at higher stimulation intensities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Chronic smoking is associated with widespread inhibitory plasticity in motor cortical circuits, as indicated by multi-muscle motor-evoked potential (MEP) recordings.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These findings contribute to understanding of inhibitory circuit function and descending pathway excitability differences linked to chronic nicotine exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding risk and protective factors associated with opioid misuse among at-risk adolescents and young adults in the emergency department","authors":"Erin E. Bonar ,&nbsp;Meredith Kotov ,&nbsp;Carrie Bourque ,&nbsp;Patrick M. Carter ,&nbsp;Sarah J. Clark ,&nbsp;David W. Hutton ,&nbsp;Kelley M. Kidwell ,&nbsp;Cheryl A. King ,&nbsp;Eve D. Losman ,&nbsp;Sean Esteban McCabe ,&nbsp;Kai Zheng ,&nbsp;Maureen Walton","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Opioid misuse/opioid use disorder prevention strategies tailored for risk and protective factors are needed among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). We describe baseline risk/protective factors related to opioid misuse among at-risk AYAs who attended Emergency Departments (EDs) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>People who recently visited an ED (ages 16–30) and self-reported 1) past-year prescription opioid use+a risk factor for misuse (i.e., drug use, binge drinking, depression symptoms, suicide risk) or 2) heroin or prescription opioid misuse at screening were enrolled. Measures assessed background characteristics and risk/protective factors. Analyses compared participants based on whether they reported opioid misuse or were at-risk for misuse.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled 1155 people (27.5 % male); 79.5 % reported opioid use+risk factor and 20.5 % reported opioid misuse. In unadjusted analyses, relative to those with opioid use+risk factor, those with opioid misuse were significantly more likely to report: male sex, Black/African American race, receiving public assistance, food insecurity, stronger opioid use motives, greater substance use, a prior suicide attempt, violence involvement, and greater impulsivity. They also reported lower social support, prosocial activities, and self-efficacy to avoid substances. In adjusted analyses, those with opioid misuse were significantly more likely to be male, have greater alcohol and other substance use, and report violence, with lower self-efficacy and social support.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Social determinants of health, other substance use, social support, self-efficacy, etc., were key factors differentiating AYAs who have misused opioids from those at-risk for future misuse. Prevention and early interventions may be improved via tailoring for these risk/protective factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of chemsex and sexualized drug use among men who have sex with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nikolaos Georgiadis ,&nbsp;Andreas Katsimpris ,&nbsp;Maria A. Vatmanidou ,&nbsp;Tonia Vassilakou ,&nbsp;Apostolos Beloukas ,&nbsp;Theodoros N. Sergentanis","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexualized drug use (SDU), including chemsex, is prevalent within LGBTQI+  communities, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study conducts the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the global prevalence of SDU and chemsex among MSM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Scopus with no language restrictions until April 1, 2024. We included studies that reported the prevalence of chemsex, overall SDU and SDU specifically regarding crystal methamphetamine, gamma hydroxybutyrate/ gamma butyrolactone (GHB/GBL), mephedrone, ketamine, cocaine, amphetamine, alkyl nitrites (poppers), ecstasy/MDMA and marijuana. Data were extracted independently by two researchers and analyzed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to MSM population categories, region and time period of reporting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 238 studies (380,505 participants) met inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of chemsex in MSM was 0.22 (95 % CI:0.19–0.25), while SDU had a pooled prevalence of 0.25 (95 % CI:0.23–0.28). Methamphetamine use for sex showed a pooled prevalence of 0.08 (95 % CI:0.07–0.10), GHB/GBL 0.13 (95 % CI:0.10–0.16), mephedrone 0.07 (95 % CI:0.05–0.10), and ketamine 0.04 (95 % CI:0.03–0.06). Cocaine use for sex demonstrated a pooled prevalence of 0.10 (95 % CI:0.08–0.13), alkyl nitrites 0.23 (95 % CI:0.19–0.27), amphetamine 0.05 (95 % CI:0.03–0.08), ecstasy/MDMA 0.09 (95 % CI:0.07–0.11), and marijuana 0.18 (95 % CI:0.15–0.20).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates the high prevalence of chemsex and sexualized drug use among MSM, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive education on substance-related risks to encourage safer sex practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of data sharing practices in addiction research: Trends, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Logan Corwin ,&nbsp;Christopher Tran ,&nbsp;Eli Paul ,&nbsp;Eli Oldham ,&nbsp;Jacob Duncan ,&nbsp;Annes Elfar ,&nbsp;Alexis Hagood ,&nbsp;Alicia Ito Ford ,&nbsp;Matt Vassar","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To evaluate the current state of data sharing practices in addiction medicine (AM) research, focusing on data sharing statements (DSS).</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>Data sharing is essential for transparency and reproducibility, yet its adoption in AM research remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Measurement</h3><div>We reviewed articles from the top 10 AM journals (2018–2023). Data were extracted using a standardized form. Logistic regression, latent class analysis, and thematic analysis were conducted to examine factors associated with DSS inclusion. Authors were also contacted to assess willingness to share data.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Only 22.75 % of articles included a DSS, though this rose to 52 % by 2023. DSS inclusion was higher in clinical trials than cohort studies (24.49 % vs. 16.59 %), and more common in open access articles (24.36 %) than non-open access ones (19.55 %). Journals with both journal and publisher “Requires” policies had the highest inclusion rate (43.07 %). Logistic regression confirmed policy alignment as the strongest predictor of DSS presence. Thematic analysis showed most DSS offered conditional access (74.14 %), with few using public repositories (12.07 %). Among authors contacted, 62 % were willing to share data, though many imposed conditions related to ethics, privacy, or resource limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The implementation of DSS is increasing in AM research, but most indicate restricted access. Additionally, journal and publisher policies play a crucial role in promoting data sharing. Efforts to address the barriers to data sharing and use of open data repositories are needed to improve addiction research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-release injectable buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder among individuals at high risk of overdose: The FASTER-BUP udy","authors":"M. Eugenia Socias ,&nbsp;Piper Dickhout ,&nbsp;Jenna Langlois ,&nbsp;Cameron Grant ,&nbsp;Seonaid Nolan","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extended-release injectable buprenorphine (XR-BUP) has emerged as a promising alternative to address some of the adherence challenges of oral opioid use disorder (OUD) medications. However, real-world evaluations of XR-BUP in settings outside the United States and high-risk populations are limited. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical utility of XR-BUP among people with OUD at risk of recurrent overdose in a low-barrier outpatient addiction treatment setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>24-week observational prospective cohort study of 25 adults with OUD and high risk of recurrent overdose (i.e., lifetime history of overdose, urine drug test positive for fentanyl) starting XR-BUP in a low-barrier outpatient addiction clinic in Vancouver, BC, Canada, between September 15, 2022 and July 2, 2024. The primary outcome was 6-month retention in XR-BUP treatment. Secondary outcomes included use of illicit opioids and safety.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants were mostly men (64 %) and White (80 %), with a median age of 44 years old. Almost all participants had a lifetime history of prior overdose (92.0 %) and 76 % were using fentanyl at baseline. Only 8 (32.0 %) participants received the six scheduled XR-BUP injections (median number of injections 2). Of the 17 participants who discontinued the study, 7 switched to an alternative medication. The average percentage of opioid-free visits during the active treatment period was 28.5 %. Of the 72 injections administered, only 10 (13.9 %) were associated with mild injection site reactions. No other adverse events, including overdoses, were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While XR-BUP was well tolerated in this sample of people with OUD at high risk of overdose, six-month retention rates were low and most continued to use illicit opioids while on treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mu-opioid mediated discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl and xylazine: Dose-response and time-course studies","authors":"Mark A. Smith,&nbsp;Anthony G. Spera,&nbsp;Emma M. Thomas,&nbsp;Samantha L. Biancorosso,&nbsp;Hannah N. Carlson","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Xylazine-adulterated fentanyl (i.e., “tranq-dope”) has been identified as a national public health threat in the United States. Despite the increasing prevalence of this drug combination, little is known about the interactions between fentanyl and xylazine on measures directly relevant to their addiction liability. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether xylazine enhances or prolongs the mu-opioid mediated discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl. To this end, male and female Long-Evans rats were trained to discriminate the prototypical mu-opioid agonist, morphine, from saline, and substitution tests were conducted with fentanyl, xylazine, and fentanyl-xylazine combinations. Fentanyl substituted fully for the morphine training stimulus, whereas xylazine failed to substitute fully for the morphine stimulus up to doses that significantly decreased responding. In drug combination tests, xylazine did not influence the acute effects of fentanyl; however, xylazine dose-dependently increased the duration of fentanyl’s stimulus effects. These data indicate that xylazine does not produce discriminative stimulus effects like prototypical mu-opioid agonists but prolongs the mu-opioid mediated discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl, which may partially explain its use in some populations who misuse opioids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personally-tailored opioid-overdose and medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) education (TOME) significantly increases MOUD and overdose knowledge in peripartum individuals: Results from a randomized controlled pilot trial","authors":"T. John Winhusen ,&nbsp;Frankie Kropp ,&nbsp;Marcela C. Smid ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Young ,&nbsp;Todd H. Davies ,&nbsp;Daniel Lewis ,&nbsp;Carmen Rosa ,&nbsp;Maham Dilawar ,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Krans ,&nbsp;Candace Hodgkins ,&nbsp;Gerald Cochran ,&nbsp;Michelle R. Lofwall","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Overdose is a leading cause of pregnancy-associated mortality in the US. Our personally-tailored opioid-overdose (OOD) and medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) education intervention has been shown to significantly improve MOUD/OOD knowledge in out-of-treatment persons using illicit opioids. We evaluated the ability of the intervention modified for peripartum (pregnant or within one year postpartum) individuals, the personally-tailored OOD and MOUD education (TOME) intervention, to increase MOUD (primary) and OOD (key secondary) knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A six-site, two-arm, open-label, trial with 131 peripartum individuals receiving MOUD (methadone or buprenorphine) randomized to TOME, a 15-minute, computer-facilitated, individually-tailored intervention, or Control. TOME participants received education on MOUD and OOD questions they missed in a pre-test. Control participants received SAMHSA handouts on OOD and MOUD. All participants were scheduled for a 3-week post-test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants were enrolled in MOUD for an average of 15.6 months (SD=20.4) at baseline, with 30.5 % enrolled in methadone and 69.5 % enrolled in buprenorphine treatment. On the pre-test, participants answered 66.7 % of the MOUD and 82.1 % of the OOD questions correctly on average. Linear regressions indicated that participants’ MOUD (X²=33.96, p &lt; 0.001) and OOD (X²=45.78, p &lt; 0.001) knowledge increased significantly more in the TOME, relative to Control, group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In a sample of peripartum patients enrolled in MOUD for a substantial length of time, TOME significantly increased MOUD and OOD knowledge. Taken together with past research, these findings suggest that there are gaps in MOUD and OOD knowledge in individuals with opioid use disorder that can be addressed with brief personally-tailored education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and behavioral pathways from prenatal cocaine exposure to regular marijuana use during emerging adulthood","authors":"Sonia Minnes ,&nbsp;Meeyoung O. Min ,&nbsp;Sun Kyung Kim ,&nbsp;Sarah Balser ,&nbsp;June-Yung Kim ,&nbsp;Lynn T. Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study considers indirect effects of 12-year global executive function, externalizing behavior (EXT), perceptional reasoning IQ (PRIQ), and 15-year substance use on the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and regular marijuana use at 21 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 310 (154 PCE, 156 non-prenatally cocaine-exposed (NCE) enrolled at birth. Regular marijuana use at age 21 (<u>&gt;</u> 1–7 times/week) was assessed using the Substance Abuse Module 5 (SAM 5). Caregiver reports of executive function via the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Global Executive Composite (GEC), Wechsler perceptual reasoning (PRIQ), Child Behavior Checklist youth-reported EXT were assessed at 12 years, and substance use at 15 years. Structural equation modeling evaluated GEC, PRIQ, EXT, and substance use as mediators linking PCE to regular marijuana use, adjusting for qualifying prenatal drug exposures (tobacco) and adverse environmental conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Emerging adults with PCE reported higher rates of regular marijuana use than those with NCE (50.7 % vs. 39.4 %, <em>p</em> = .046). PCE was related to poorer GEC at age 12 (β = 0.19, p &lt; .001), which in turn was related to substance use at age 15 (β = 0.21, p = .002), which was related to regular marijuana use at age 21 (β = 0.70, p &lt; .001), yielding an indirect effect of PCE (β = 0.028, p = .032). EXT was not related to 15-year substance use or 21-year marijuana use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Efforts to examine and address early cognitive and behavioral patterns could prevent regular marijuana use among emerging adults with PCE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposures to synthetic cathinones, fentanyl, and xylazine among nightclub attendees in New York City, 2024","authors":"Joseph J. Palamar ,&nbsp;Nina Abukahok ,&nbsp;Patricia Acosta ,&nbsp;Sara E. Walton ,&nbsp;Brianna Stang ,&nbsp;Alex J. Krotulski","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Use of party drugs is common among nightclub attendees, but more information is needed regarding both intentional use and unknown exposure to synthetic cathinones, fentanyl, and xylazine in this high-risk population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Throughout 2024, participants attending nightclubs in New York City were surveyed and had their saliva analyzed for drug exposure using targeted and untargeted analysis (n = 1024). We calculated the prevalence of synthetic cathinone, fentanyl, and xylazine exposure overall and in relation to demographic and drug use characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>11 (1.1 %) tested positive for one or more synthetic cathinones, 1.5 % (n = 15) tested positive for fentanyl or its precursor (4-ANPP), and 4 (0.4 %) tested positive for xylazine. All but one exposure to fentanyl was linked to unreported past-month use (93.3 %) and 54.5 % of synthetic cathinone exposures were linked to unreported past-month use (ps&lt;.05). Three of four participants (75.0 %) testing positive for xylazine also tested positive for fentanyl exposure. Most (n = 8) synthetic cathinone exposures involved methylmethcathinone (MMC), and there were also detections of chloromethcathinone (CMC, n = 4), <em>N-N-</em>dimethylpentylone (n = 2), <em>N-</em>ethylpentylone (n = 2), and eutylone (n = 2). Compared to those testing positive for synthetic cathinones, those testing positive for fentanyl were more likely to identify as heterosexual and/or test positive for prescription opioid use, and less likely to have a college degree or to test positive for MDMA use (ps&lt;.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Unintentional exposure to these drugs is occurring, often because they have been added as adulterants in more common drugs. Results can inform prevention and harm reduction education in this population and in the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}