Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive and behavioral pathways from prenatal cocaine exposure to regular marijuana use during emerging adulthood","authors":"Sonia Minnes ,&nbsp;Meeyoung O. Min ,&nbsp;Sun Kyung Kim ,&nbsp;Sarah Balser ,&nbsp;June-Yung Kim ,&nbsp;Lynn T. Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study considers indirect effects of 12-year global executive function, externalizing behavior (EXT), perceptional reasoning IQ (PRIQ), and 15-year substance use on the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and regular marijuana use at 21 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 310 (154 PCE, 156 non-prenatally cocaine-exposed (NCE) enrolled at birth. Regular marijuana use at age 21 (<u>&gt;</u> 1–7 times/week) was assessed using the Substance Abuse Module 5 (SAM 5). Caregiver reports of executive function via the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Global Executive Composite (GEC), Wechsler perceptual reasoning (PRIQ), Child Behavior Checklist youth-reported EXT were assessed at 12 years, and substance use at 15 years. Structural equation modeling evaluated GEC, PRIQ, EXT, and substance use as mediators linking PCE to regular marijuana use, adjusting for qualifying prenatal drug exposures (tobacco) and adverse environmental conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Emerging adults with PCE reported higher rates of regular marijuana use than those with NCE (50.7 % vs. 39.4 %, <em>p</em> = .046). PCE was related to poorer GEC at age 12 (β = 0.19, p &lt; .001), which in turn was related to substance use at age 15 (β = 0.21, p = .002), which was related to regular marijuana use at age 21 (β = 0.70, p &lt; .001), yielding an indirect effect of PCE (β = 0.028, p = .032). EXT was not related to 15-year substance use or 21-year marijuana use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Efforts to examine and address early cognitive and behavioral patterns could prevent regular marijuana use among emerging adults with PCE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposures to synthetic cathinones, fentanyl, and xylazine among nightclub attendees in New York City, 2024","authors":"Joseph J. Palamar ,&nbsp;Nina Abukahok ,&nbsp;Patricia Acosta ,&nbsp;Sara E. Walton ,&nbsp;Brianna Stang ,&nbsp;Alex J. Krotulski","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Use of party drugs is common among nightclub attendees, but more information is needed regarding both intentional use and unknown exposure to synthetic cathinones, fentanyl, and xylazine in this high-risk population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Throughout 2024, participants attending nightclubs in New York City were surveyed and had their saliva analyzed for drug exposure using targeted and untargeted analysis (n = 1024). We calculated the prevalence of synthetic cathinone, fentanyl, and xylazine exposure overall and in relation to demographic and drug use characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>11 (1.1 %) tested positive for one or more synthetic cathinones, 1.5 % (n = 15) tested positive for fentanyl or its precursor (4-ANPP), and 4 (0.4 %) tested positive for xylazine. All but one exposure to fentanyl was linked to unreported past-month use (93.3 %) and 54.5 % of synthetic cathinone exposures were linked to unreported past-month use (ps&lt;.05). Three of four participants (75.0 %) testing positive for xylazine also tested positive for fentanyl exposure. Most (n = 8) synthetic cathinone exposures involved methylmethcathinone (MMC), and there were also detections of chloromethcathinone (CMC, n = 4), <em>N-N-</em>dimethylpentylone (n = 2), <em>N-</em>ethylpentylone (n = 2), and eutylone (n = 2). Compared to those testing positive for synthetic cathinones, those testing positive for fentanyl were more likely to identify as heterosexual and/or test positive for prescription opioid use, and less likely to have a college degree or to test positive for MDMA use (ps&lt;.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Unintentional exposure to these drugs is occurring, often because they have been added as adulterants in more common drugs. Results can inform prevention and harm reduction education in this population and in the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 112792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting treatment-seeking status for alcohol use disorder using polygenic scores and machine learning in a deeply-phenotyped sample","authors":"Zeal Jinwala ,&nbsp;ReJoyce Green ,&nbsp;Yousef Khan ,&nbsp;Joel Gelernter ,&nbsp;Rachel L. Kember ,&nbsp;Emily E. Hartwell","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive treatment. Previous studies have shown drinking behavior, psychological problems, and substance dependence to predict treatment seeking. However, to date, no studies have incorporated polygenic scores (PGS), a measure of genetic risk for AUD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a deeply-phenotyped sample, we identified 9103 individuals diagnosed with DSM-IV AUD and indicated treatment-seeking status. We implemented a random forest (RF) model to predict treatment-seeking based on 91 clinically relevant phenotypes. We calculated AUD PGS for those with genetic data (African ancestry [AFR] n = 3192, European ancestry [EUR] n = 3553) and generated RF models for each ancestry group, first without and then with PGS. Lastly, we developed models stratified by age (&lt; and ≥40 years old).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>66.6 % reported treatment seeking (M_age=40.0, 62.4 % male). Across models, top predictors included years of alcohol use and related psychological problems, psychiatric diagnoses, and heart disease. In the models without PGS, we found 77.6 % accuracy and 0.829 AUC for EUR and 75.1 % and 0.770 for AFR; the addition of PGS did not substantially change these metrics. PGS was the 9th most important predictor for EUR and 28th for AFR. In the age-stratified analysis, PGS ranked 8th for &lt; 40 and 34th for ≥ 40 in EUR ancestry, and it ranked 70th for &lt; 40 and 78th for ≥ 40 in the AFR sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Alcohol use, psychiatric issues, and comorbid medical disorders were predictors of treatment seeking. Incorporating PGS did not substantially alter performance, but was a more important predictor in younger individuals with AUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral methadone versus sublingual buprenorphine for the treatment of acute opioid withdrawal: A triple-blind, double-dummy, randomized control trial","authors":"Anil Shekhawat ,&nbsp;Atul Ambekar ,&nbsp;Alok Agrawal ,&nbsp;Ravindra Venkat Rao ,&nbsp;Ashwani Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Arpit Parmar ,&nbsp;Tathagata Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a global problem with treatment involving an initial assisted withdrawal followed by maintenance phase. Methadone and buprenorphine are most commonly used agents for acute opioid withdrawal management (AOWM), but their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. This study was aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of oral methadone and sublingual buprenorphine for AOWM in in-patient setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized double-dummy clinical trial was conducted with 79 patients (ages 18–60) admitted with OUD a tertiary-care center, New Delhi, India over three years (2017–2019). Participants received either oral methadone (20<!--> <!-->mg/day; n = 40) or sublingual buprenorphine (3.6<!--> <!-->mg/day; n = 39) in a fixed schedule allowing gradual tapering from day 4–10. The primary outcome was treatment completion rate, with secondary outcomes including withdrawal severity (COWS, SOWS scores), opioid craving (VAS), additional medication use, and side effects. The study was conducted after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups were comparable in terms of sociodemographic and baseline clinical parameters. Both groups had similar treatment completion rates (buprenorphine: 82 %, methadone: 82.5 %; <em>p</em> = 0.95). While both medications significantly reduced withdrawal symptoms and cravings over time, methadone showed greater reductions in withdrawal severity (COWS, SOWS scores; <em>p</em> = 0.01). Side effects were comparable between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Methadone and buprenorphine demonstrated similar efficacy in treatment completion rates for acute opioid withdrawal. These findings suggest that methadone, alongside buprenorphine, can be an effective and safe option for acute opioid withdrawal management in inpatient settings.</div></div><div><h3>Trial Registration</h3><div>CTRI/2017/03/0079977</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of congenital heart defects among children with and without diagnosed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, 2016–2022","authors":"Amanda N. Dorsey ,&nbsp;Karrie F. Downing ,&nbsp;Nicholas P. Deputy ,&nbsp;Mary Kate Weber ,&nbsp;Penelope P. Howards","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alcohol use during pregnancy might be a risk factor for some congenital heart defects (CHDs), but CHD prevalence among children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) is not well understood. We used two administrative databases to explore CHD prevalence among U.S. children with and without FASDs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We limited 2016–2022 Merative™ MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid and Commercial data to children ≤ 17 years old with ≥ 1 year of continuous enrollment with complete data on mental health and substance use services. CHD prevalence was calculated by FASD status, overall and by age group, using log-binomial prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were repeated after matching on enrollment length, and age and year at the start of enrollment. In the Medicaid sample, we also stratified by demographic characteristics and analyzed severe and non-severe CHD diagnoses separately. Multidimensional bias analysis considered the influence of unmeasured prenatal tobacco exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 8732,345 children in the Medicaid sample, 5.2 % with FASDs and 1.0 % without FASDs had CHDs (matched cohort PR = 3.4 [CI: 2.8, 4.1]). PRs were similar when stratified by sex and race and ethnicity, and when looking at exclusively severe or non-severe CHDs. Among 10,567,765 children in the commercial claims sample, 3.0 % with FASDs and 0.6 % without FASDs had CHDs (matched cohort PR= 4.6 [CI: 3.3, 6.4]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CHDs were more common among children with FASDs compared to those without FASDs in two administrative database samples. Increased provider awareness about CHDs as a potential FASD comorbidity may improve timely CHD care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to cannabis marketing in the United States and differences by cannabis laws: Findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study","authors":"Lauren Winfield-Ward ,&nbsp;Elle Wadsworth ,&nbsp;Pete Driezen ,&nbsp;Vicki L. Rynard ,&nbsp;David Hammond","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A growing number of US states have legalized adult “recreational” cannabis; however, there is little evidence on the impact of cannabis policies on cannabis marketing exposure to date. The current study examined marketing exposure in the US, including differences between states where cannabis is illegal (‘illegal’ states), legal for medical use (‘medical’), and legal for recreational use (‘recreational’).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data are from the US component of the International Cannabis Policy Study: national repeat cross-sectional data from surveys conducted with 187,573 respondents aged 16–65 over 6 annual survey waves (2018–2023). Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression (GLIMMIX) models examined differences in self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing (‘noticing’) by state-level cannabis laws.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing differed across policy changes. Noticing cannabis marketing was lowest in illegal states and increased in the first 12-months following medical legalization (35.4 % vs. 39.2 %: AOR=1.16; 95 % CI=1.01–1.33; p = 0.034). Noticing marketing was highest in ‘recreational’ states, with increases in the first 12-months following legalization (50.0 % vs. 41.1 %: AOR=1.41; 95 % CI=1.34–1.48; p &lt; .001), and additional increases 1–3 years (56.2 %: AOR=1.20; 95 % CI=1.14–1.25; p &lt; .001) and 4 or more years following legalization (63.9 %: AOR=1.21; 95 % CI=1.16–1.27; p &lt; .001). Noticing was highest among people who consume cannabis and younger ages.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing increases following medical and recreational legalization and is disproportionately noticed by underaged people. Cannabis regulations in ‘legal’ markets should account for marketing, which has been shown to promote cannabis use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and perceived feasibility of restroom motion sensors for overdose detection and response in public bathrooms: A cross-sectional study of businesses and community organizations","authors":"Joseph G. Rosen ,&nbsp;Ryan Koch ,&nbsp;Rehan Aslam ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Riendeau ,&nbsp;Maxwell S. Krieger ,&nbsp;Michelle McKenzie ,&nbsp;Susan E. Ramsey ,&nbsp;Traci C. Green ,&nbsp;Josiah D. Rich ,&nbsp;Ju Nyeong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Solitary drug use amplifies fatal overdose risk for people who use drugs. Restroom motion sensors (RMS) are emerging technologies to enhance detection and facilitate rapid response to overdoses in high-traffic public restrooms (where unmonitored drug use is likely to occur), but there has been limited study of employee and staff perspectives on the perceived value and appropriateness of RMS for their workplaces.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From November 2022 to April 2024, we identified business, health, and community organizations in opioid overdose hotspots across eight townships in Rhode Island (United States of America), surveying managers and shift supervisors about the acceptability and perceived feasibility of RMS. We analyzed data descriptively, identifying bivariate correlates of RMS acceptability and feasibility, respectively, using Fisher’s exact tests of association.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants (median age: 35 years, 53 % cisgender women) across 100 workplaces exhibited low awareness (4 %) but high comfort with RMS being installed (73 %) and confidence (66 %) in implementing RMS in their workplaces in the future. Organizations without staff adequately trained in overdose response were more likely than organizations with trained staff (81 % vs. 64 %, <em>p</em> = 0.055) to endorse confidence in RMS implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Management and shift supervisors in heterogenous occupational contexts endorsed RMS’ compatibility and utility in their workplaces, despite low prior awareness of the technology. Efforts to bolster staff competencies in overdose response and equipping workplaces with the necessary tools (i.e., onsite naloxone) to respond appropriately to onsite overdoses will be imperative to successful implementation of RMS in businesses and community organizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Communities That HEAL intervention on initiation, retention, and linkage to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD): A cluster randomized wait-list controlled trial","authors":"Jennifer L. Brown ,&nbsp;Marc R. Larochelle ,&nbsp;Laura C. Fanucchi ,&nbsp;Deirdre C. Calvert ,&nbsp;Aimee N.C. Campbell ,&nbsp;Redonna K. Chandler ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Feaster ,&nbsp;LaShawn M. Glasgow ,&nbsp;Erin B. Gibson ,&nbsp;JaNae Holloway ,&nbsp;Michelle R. Lofwall ,&nbsp;Aimee Mack ,&nbsp;Nicole Mack ,&nbsp;Edward V. Nunes ,&nbsp;Jeffery C. Talbert ,&nbsp;Sylvia Tan ,&nbsp;Nathan Vandergrift ,&nbsp;Jennifer Villani ,&nbsp;Kat Asman ,&nbsp;Hermik Babakhanlou-Chase ,&nbsp;Sharon L. Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) can reduce opioid use and overdose deaths. This study examined whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention increased MOUD initiation, retention, and linkage. The HEALing Communities Study was a multi-site, 2-arm, parallel, community-level, cluster-randomized, unblinded, wait-list controlled trial conducted in 67 communities (n = 34 intervention, n = 33 control). Using Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Medicaid claims data, we compared mean community-level rates of MOUD outcomes during the 1-year comparison period (July 2021-June 2022) for: (a) MOUD receipt at least once; (b) continuous MOUD receipt for 180 days; and (c) MOUD linkage within 31 days following an opioid-related emergency department or hospital encounter. For intervention and control communities, adjusted rates of receiving MOUD at least once were 578 (95 % CI: 562, 594) and 596 (95 % CI: 572, 621) per 1000 Medicaid enrollees, respectively [adjusted Relative Rate (aRR)= 0.97 (95 % CI: 0.93, 1.01)]. Adjusted rates of receiving MOUD for 180 consecutive days (retention) were 614 (95 % CI: 595, 634) and 620 (95 % CI: 603, 638) per 1000 Medicaid enrollees receiving MOUD at least once for intervention and control communities, respectively [aRR= 0.99 (95 % CI: 0.95, 1.04)]. The adjusted rate of linkage was 280 (95 % CI: 254, 310) and 252 (95 % CI: 226, 281) per 1000 encounters for intervention and control communities, respectively [aRR= 1.11 (95 % CI: 0.96, 1.28). Compared to control communities, communities that received the CTH intervention did not demonstrate higher rates of MOUD use, retention, or linkage. Additional efforts are needed to improve uptake and sustained use of MOUD.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04111939</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between local cigarette and e-cigarette prices and smoke-free legislation with prenatal smoking and birth outcomes","authors":"Summer Sherburne Hawkins ,&nbsp;Christopher F. Baum","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While state cigarette taxes have been shown to reduce disparities in prenatal smoking and birth outcomes, less is known about the effects of local tobacco control policies. We examined the associations between county-level cigarette and e-cigarette prices and smoke-free legislation with racial/ethnic and educational disparities in prenatal smoking and birth outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using 2013–2018 county-level natality data on 18,663,683 singletons linked to cigarette and e-cigarette price data and smoke-free legislation, we conducted conditional mixed-process models to examine the associations between tobacco control policies and prenatal smoking, then on the associated changes in birth outcomes. We included interactions between race/ethnicity, education, and prices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cigarette price increases were associated with larger declines in prenatal smoking than e-cigarette prices, with effect sizes decreasing across the educational gradient. Among women with 0–11 years of education, a 10 % increase in cigarette prices was associated with a decrease in smoking by 8.61 percentage points for White women and 2.92 percentage points for Black women and subsequently an increase in their infants’ birth weights by 8.01 and 2.72 g, respectively. Increases in cigarette and e-cigarette smoke-free legislation coverage were associated with small declines in prenatal smoking, but no subsequent changes in birth outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Local cigarette price increases contribute to the flattening of educational gradients in prenatal smoking and birth outcomes, particularly among White and Black women. Local cigarette prices may be more indicative of how fiscal policies influence smoking behavior than state cigarette taxes, particularly for low-educated pregnant women who are more likely to be price sensitive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting through the eyes of mothers with substance use disorder: Implications for treatment and related services","authors":"Brittany T. Smith ,&nbsp;Danielle D. Davidov ,&nbsp;Meghan Gannon ,&nbsp;Caroline P. Groth ,&nbsp;Alfgeir L. Kristjansson","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maternal substance use can negatively impact parenting. However, most research on this topic come from epidemiological studies. Thus, the purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore how mothers receiving substance misuse treatment feel their substance use disorder (SUD) has influenced their experiences of motherhood and parenting while also exploring their perception of how their children may have been impacted by their SUD</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>35 one-on-one semi-structured interviews with mothers receiving substance use treatment were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Battle between recovery and motherhood, 2) Challenges being fully present as a parent, 3) Parenting within government and legal systems, and 4) Impacts on children. Mothers mostly reported that their SUD did negatively impact their children in numerous ways. However, their SUD was also reported to be a barrier to parenting that brought unique challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parenting and SUD are interrelated and can influence one another. To best serve mothers with SUD and their children this interconnectedness must be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}