Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

{"title":"Hypothetical demand for menthol and non-menthol cigarettes and substitution among people who smoke menthol cigarettes: A within subjects between group randomized controlled trial using the experimental tobacco marketplace","authors":"Amanda J. Quisenberry ,&nbsp;Lovina John ,&nbsp;Richard O’Connor ,&nbsp;Elizabeth G. Klein","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Food and Drug Administration has recently released a final rule enacting a characterizing flavor ban in cigarettes and cigars. Similar efforts have been proposed for e-cigarettes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a potential menthol cigarette ban, a fruit and mint flavored e-cigarette ban, and the interaction of the two among current adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Experimental Tobacco Marketplace was used to evaluate the within subject purchasing of participants who smoke menthol major name brand (n = 64) and Native manufactured (n = 37) cigarettes when fixed price alternatives and only: 1) menthol cigarettes and mint and fruit flavored e-cigarettes, 2) non-menthol cigarettes and mint and fruit flavored e-cigarettes, 3) menthol cigarettes and tobacco flavored e-cigarettes, and 4) non-menthol cigarettes and tobacco flavored e-cigarettes were available.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants who smoked major name brand and Native manufactured menthol cigarettes showed greater cigarette demand (Q₀) and less sensitivity to price (α) when menthol cigarettes were available. For those who smoked major name brand cigarettes, the only substitute the emerged was moist snuff when non-menthol cigarettes and fruit and mint e-cigarettes were available. No substitutes were found for those who smoked Native manufactured cigarettes in any flavor availability condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and relevance</h3><div>Demand for cigarettes is higher when preferred flavor is available. Substitutes for cigarettes among people who smoke menthol cigarettes are minimal and may indicate that removal of menthol from the landscape may not push people who smoke menthol cigarettes to products other than cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Data Availability</h3><div>The data utilized in this paper are available by request from corresponding author, AJQ, given the participants in this study did not consent to have their data shared with the public. Following publication of primary and secondary results, the corresponding author will provide de-identified data and a data dictionary for requests.</div></div><div><h3>ClinicalTrials.gov ID and title</h3><div>NCT03897530; Experimental Tobacco Marketplace in Regulating Flavored Tobacco Products in Menthol Cigarette Smokers</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in alcohol-cue-induced craving and heart-rate variability in hazardous drinkers","authors":"Insan Firdaus ,&nbsp;Anja C. Huizink ,&nbsp;Annet Kleiboer ,&nbsp;Anna E. Goudriaan ,&nbsp;Anne Marije Kaag","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has risen more rapidly in women than men in recent decades. While previous studies identified gender differences in AUD, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined gender differences in alcohol cue-induced craving and heart rate variability (HRV) in 114 people who engage in heavy drinking (61 women) using an alcohol-cue reactivity task. We predicts that men will show stronger cue-induced reward cravings, women will have more intense relief cravings. Additionally, it is expected that the relationship between cue-induced craving and HRV will differ by gender: reward craving in men will correspond with increased HRV, whereas relief craving in women will correlate with decreased HRV. The alcohol cue-reactivity task began with a 75-second relaxation exercise, followed by 30-second presentations of alcohol-related pictures and imagery, and a 120-second session of handling an alcohol beverage. Craving was assessed before and after using the desire for alcohol questionnaire (DAQ), and HRV was continuously recorded via electrocardiograph throughout the task. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant increases in both relief (p &lt; .05) and reward craving (p &lt; .001) after the alcohol cue-reactivity task, with no gender differences. Exploratory analysis found that HRV decreased in response to alcohol cues for both genders, with men showing a significantly greater decline during the picture phase (p &lt; .05). Additionally, those with higher relief craving had lower HRV during the imagery phase compared to the picture phase, regardless of gender (p = .20). The current study suggests that gender differences in alcohol cue reactivity are more pronounced in HRV than in subjective responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily associations between sleep quality, stress, and cannabis or alcohol use among veterans","authors":"Jordan P. Davis ,&nbsp;Shaddy K. Saba ,&nbsp;Daniel Leightley ,&nbsp;Eric R. Pedersen ,&nbsp;John Prindle ,&nbsp;Ben Senator ,&nbsp;Bistra Dilkina ,&nbsp;Emily Dworkin ,&nbsp;Esther Howe ,&nbsp;Jonathan Cantor ,&nbsp;Angeles Sedano","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>United States military veterans face heightened vulnerability to sleep disturbances due to factors such as irregular sleep schedules, combat-related stress, and co-occurring mental health disorders. These sleep disturbances are often exacerbated by substance use, including alcohol and cannabis, as veterans may rely on these substances to self-medicate for stress and sleep issues. However, the interplay between sleep quality, substance use, and perceived stress remains poorly understood, particularly on a day-to-day basis. This study aimed to explore the dynamic associations between these factors using daily diary data collected over three months from 74 veterans with elevated PTSD symptoms and problematic cannabis use. Data from this study are secondary analysis. Dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) was employed to examine both within-day and day-to-day lagged associations between sleep quality, perceived stress, and substance use (alcohol and cannabis). Results showed that worse sleep quality was associated with higher perceived stress the next day, which in turn predicted greater alcohol consumption. Additionally, stress mediated the relationship between poor sleep quality and increased alcohol use. For cannabis, while no day-to-day lagged effects were observed, within-day analyses revealed that higher cannabis use was associated with lower stress and better sleep quality that same night. These results highlight the complex and bidirectional relationships between sleep, stress, and substance use among veterans, underscoring the need for interventions that address these dynamics holistically. Future research should further explore these interactions using real-time data to inform tailored interventions for improving sleep and mental health outcomes in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I don’t want it in any form:” A qualitative study on black perceptions of buprenorphine in the fentanyl era","authors":"M. Kumi Smith ,&nbsp;Ivan Nelson ,&nbsp;Ernest Davis ,&nbsp;Jessica Coleman ,&nbsp;Pearl Evans ,&nbsp;George Lewis ,&nbsp;Tanner Nissly ,&nbsp;Robert Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The current phase of the US opioid overdose epidemic is marked by growing racial inequities, driven in part by unequal access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) including buprenorphine. This report provides a much needed update on the racialized patterns of treatment uptake in an evolving drug use and treatment landscape.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 28 African American people with a self-reported history of OUD who had lived in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul), Minnesota for at least a year. Interviews explored participants’ attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of medications for OUD (MOUD) with a focus on methadone and buprenorphine.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>67.9 % of participants were male and the mean age was 53.4. More participants knew about and had taken methadone (100 %, 89.3 %, respectively) as compared to buprenorphine (89.3 %, 75 % respectively). We identified three key themes: 1) the unfamiliarity of buprenorphine; 2) the remembered damage of buprenorphine-induced precipitated withdrawal; and 3) readiness to quit and its impact on medication choice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Black perceptions of MOUD consist of universally dim views toward methadone and highly ambiguous attitudes toward buprenorphine. Strategies to improve Black access to buprenorphine must therefore be grounded in a better understanding of the historical context of MOUDs in this community and the medical mistrust it engenders. Better strategies for safe induction of people with fentanyl dependence are also needed, particularly those informed by the concerns and priorities of Black and other racially minoritized communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived racial discrimination and tobacco and cannabis use in pregnant Black Americans: The mediating role of depressive symptoms","authors":"Jocelyn Stanfield ,&nbsp;Anne L. Dunlop ,&nbsp;Dana Boyd Barr ,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Corwin ,&nbsp;Parinya Panuwet ,&nbsp;Volha Yakimavets ,&nbsp;Patricia A. Brennan","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the current study was to assess the relationships between perceived racial discrimination, symptoms of depression, and tobacco and cannabis use in a sample of pregnant Black Americans. We collected data from 668 pregnant participants, in Atlanta, GA, once at 8- to 14- weeks’ gestation and again at 24- to 30-weeks’ gestation. We administered the Timeline Follow-back Interview to assess self-reported tobacco and cannabis use and measured metabolites of nicotine (cotinine) and cannabis (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) from urine samples. Participants described depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. They also reported instances of racial discrimination throughout their lifetimes via the Krieger Experiences of Discrimination scale. Self-perceived racial discrimination was significantly related to increased tobacco use and urinary cotinine levels during pregnancy, while controlling for potential confounds. Race-based discrimination also impacted self-reported tobacco and cannabis use later in pregnancy through increased depressive symptoms. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate whether depressive symptoms mediate the influence of racial discrimination on substance use among pregnant Black people. Our findings have significant implications for smoking-cessation interventions, which should account for the interconnection between racial stress and mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial associations between alcohol detection in opioid overdose deaths and alcohol outlets","authors":"A. Viera ,&nbsp;R. Heimer ,&nbsp;L.E. Grau","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alcohol enhances the depressant effect of opioids on the central nervous system, increasing overdose risk and mortality. The built environment influences substance use patterns and overdose risk. Little research has explored the impact of alcohol outlets on opioid overdose death.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We calculated the distance between the location of each fatal overdose event in Connecticut in 2019 and 2020 and the nearest alcohol outlet, similarly calculating the distance between each decedent’s residence and the nearest alcohol outlet. We also calculated the density of alcohol outlets and number of ethanoldetected opioid overdose deaths in each census tract. We used regression models to determine how the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets at the individual and ecological levels related to ethanol detection in opioid overdose deaths. We conducted sensitivity analyses limiting our sample to off-premise alcohol outlets (e.g., package stores, supermarkets).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ethanol was detected in one-third (33.6 %) of all opioid overdose deaths. Alcohol outlet proximity was associated with increased odds of ethanol detection in opioid overdose death; this association did not remain significant after controlling for age and sex. Alcohol outlet density was positively associated with the number ethanol-detected opioid overdose deaths at the census tract level even after controlling for social vulnerability. This association remained significant when analysis was limited to off-premise alcohol outlets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the importance of incorporating alcohol outlets into overdose education and naloxone distribution efforts as well as the critical role of community investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network analysis of alcohol-related harms: An exploratory study in United Kingdom adolescents","authors":"Andrew Percy ,&nbsp;Colm Healy ,&nbsp;Jon C. Cole ,&nbsp;Gareth Robinson ,&nbsp;Harry R. Sumnall ,&nbsp;Michael T. McKay","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study applied a network analysis approach to the study of individual self-reported alcohol-related harms (ARHs) across four waves of data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were from a large clustered randomised control trial (<em>N</em> = 12,738) involving 105 schools. Data were collected at 4 time points over 4 academic years (mean age 12.5 [Time 0], 13.5 [T1], 14.5 [T2], and 15.3 years [Time 3]). Data were gathered on the experience of 16 separate ARHs experienced during the previous six months, and these were dichotomised (yes/no). We estimated cross-lagged panel networks for the 16 ARHs, capturing both the auto-regressive relationships (a harm predicting itself at follow up) and the cross-lagged relationships (a harm predicting another harm at follow-up) across the study (T0 → T1; T1 → T2; T2 →T3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to all ARHs increased with age. However, the most serious ARHs (e.g., getting in trouble with the police because of your drinking) remained relatively rare, even at age 15. Actively planning to get drunk, coupled with an inability to control levels of intoxication (drinking more than planned) appeared central to each network, facilitating the emergence of all other ARHs. While the prevalence of ARHs increased with age, network complexity declined, and networks becoming more stable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Interventions aimed at improving the capacity to self-regulate alcohol consumption, and actively challenging the planning of drunken episodes, may be pivotal in reducing the emergence of both acute and chronic ARHs in adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Development of the motivation to use substance questionnaire title of article” [Drug Alcohol Depend. 234 (2022) 109414]","authors":"Natale Salvatore Bonfiglio ,&nbsp;Roberta Renati ,&nbsp;Mirian Agus ,&nbsp;Maria Pietronilla Penna","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National trends in co-use of opioids and methamphetamine among people who inject drugs, 2012–2018","authors":"Molly C. Reid ,&nbsp;Brandon L. Guthrie ,&nbsp;Anjum Hajat ,&nbsp;Sara N. Glick","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reports from substance use disorder treatment admissions have described a trend of rapidly increasing overlapping methamphetamine and opioid use throughout the United States in the past twenty years. We used data from the 2012, 2015, and 2018 cycles of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) project among people who inject drugs (PWID) to describe trends in methamphetamine-opioid co-use over time and in different US Census regions. We compared the demographic, socio-economic, sexual health, and drug use behavioral characteristics of people who co-used compared to people who primarily used one of these drugs. Methamphetamine-opioid co-use increased from 4.3 % in 2012 to 14.3 % in 2018 in the national NHBS-PWID sample. Co-use was most prevalent in the West and increased the most in the Northeast. Younger age, frequent drug injection, opioid overdose in the past year, and sharing syringes and other injection equipment were significantly associated with methamphetamine-opioid co-use compared to all other drug use patterns. The widespread change in drug use patterns and the higher-risk behavior associated with co-use signal the need for swift and coordinated public health action to expand harm reduction and treatment services and to develop data-informed clinical guidelines to serve this growing population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the Mexican version of the keepin’ it REAL school-based prevention program in addressing multi-substance use from early to mid-adolescence","authors":"Stephen S. Kulis ,&nbsp;Justin Jager ,&nbsp;Flavio F. Marsiglia ,&nbsp;Ana Paola Campos ,&nbsp;Maria Elena Medina-Mora","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We tested effects of a culturally adapted version of the Keepin’ it REAL (KiR) prevention program on longitudinal patterns of polysubstance use among Mexican adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 36 public middle schools in Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey was randomized to: culturally adapted KiR, original KiR translated into Spanish, and treatment-as-usual controls. Regular teachers with training in KiR implemented curricula over 3–4 months. Seventh-grade students with parental consent completed pretests in Fall 2017 (n = 5522), and three posttests: later in 7th grade, in 8th and 9th grade. We analyzed patterns of recent use of five substances (alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, other illicit drugs) and the efficacy of the two KiR versions using repeated measures latent class analysis (RM-LCA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RM-LCA produced six classes: (A) non-use of substances across all time points; (B) initiating only licit substances; (C) initiating both licit and illicit substances; (D) declining use; (E) initiating inhalant and alcohol use; and (F) persisting polysubstance use. Adapted KiR students were more likely than controls to report declining substance use (class D), and less likely to initiate use (C and E). Adapted KiR students were overrepresented among those engaging in persisting polysubstance use, largely due to baseline differences. Un-adapted KiR showed no differences with controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Culturally adapted KiR for Mexico curbed initiation of especially harmful forms of illicit drug use, and prompted declines among those already engaging in use. Lack of evidence of efficacy of the un-adapted version of KiR suggests the need for cultural adaptation of efficacious interventions for new target populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 112655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}