Cognitive and behavioral pathways from prenatal cocaine exposure to regular marijuana use during emerging adulthood

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112796

Sonia Minnes , Meeyoung O. Min , Sun Kyung Kim , Sarah Balser , June-Yung Kim , Lynn T. Singer

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

This study considers indirect effects of 12-year global executive function, externalizing behavior (EXT), perceptional reasoning IQ (PRIQ), and 15-year substance use on the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and regular marijuana use at 21 years.

Methods

Participants were 310 (154 PCE, 156 non-prenatally cocaine-exposed (NCE) enrolled at birth. Regular marijuana use at age 21 (> 1–7 times/week) was assessed using the Substance Abuse Module 5 (SAM 5). Caregiver reports of executive function via the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Global Executive Composite (GEC), Wechsler perceptual reasoning (PRIQ), Child Behavior Checklist youth-reported EXT were assessed at 12 years, and substance use at 15 years. Structural equation modeling evaluated GEC, PRIQ, EXT, and substance use as mediators linking PCE to regular marijuana use, adjusting for qualifying prenatal drug exposures (tobacco) and adverse environmental conditions.

Results

Emerging adults with PCE reported higher rates of regular marijuana use than those with NCE (50.7 % vs. 39.4 %, p = .046). PCE was related to poorer GEC at age 12 (β = 0.19, p < .001), which in turn was related to substance use at age 15 (β = 0.21, p = .002), which was related to regular marijuana use at age 21 (β = 0.70, p < .001), yielding an indirect effect of PCE (β = 0.028, p = .032). EXT was not related to 15-year substance use or 21-year marijuana use.

Conclusions

Efforts to examine and address early cognitive and behavioral patterns could prevent regular marijuana use among emerging adults with PCE.

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从产前可卡因暴露到成年初期经常使用大麻的认知和行为途径

目的探讨12年全球执行功能、外化行为（EXT）、感知推理智商（PRIQ）和15年药物使用对产前可卡因暴露（PCE）和21岁常规大麻使用的间接影响。方法研究对象为310例（154例PCE， 156例非产前可卡因暴露（NCE））。21岁时经常吸食大麻(>；1-7次/周)使用药物滥用模块5 （SAM 5）进行评估。通过执行功能行为评定量表、全球执行综合量表（GEC）、韦氏知觉推理量表（PRIQ）、儿童行为检查表（青少年报告的EXT）对照顾者的执行功能报告进行12岁时的评估，并在15岁时对药物使用进行评估。结构方程模型评估了GEC、PRIQ、EXT和物质使用作为PCE与常规大麻使用之间的中介，调整了合格的产前药物暴露（烟草）和不利的环境条件。结果新生儿PCE患者报告的常规大麻使用率高于新生儿NCE患者（50.7%比39.4%,p = 0.046）。PCE与12岁时较差的GEC有关（β = 0.19, p < .001），而GEC与15岁时的物质使用有关（β = 0.21, p = .002），后者与21岁时经常使用大麻有关（β = 0.70, p < .001），产生PCE的间接影响（β = 0.028, p = .032）。EXT与15年的药物使用或21年的大麻使用无关。结论通过对早期认知和行为模式的检查和处理，可以预防新生成年PCE患者经常使用大麻。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Drug and alcohol dependence 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.10%

发文量

409

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Drug and Alcohol Dependence is an international journal devoted to publishing original research, scholarly reviews, commentaries, and policy analyses in the area of drug, alcohol and tobacco use and dependence. Articles range from studies of the chemistry of substances of abuse, their actions at molecular and cellular sites, in vitro and in vivo investigations of their biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural actions, laboratory-based and clinical research in humans, substance abuse treatment and prevention research, and studies employing methods from epidemiology, sociology, and economics.