Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review of interventions to enhance initiation of and adherence to treatment for alcohol use disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) contribute significantly to the global disease burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. While effective treatment options exist, engagement with care remains a challenge, impacting treatment outcomes and resource allocation, particularly in resource-constrained settings. In this review, we aim to systematically examine and synthesize the evidence on interventions targeting initiation of and adherence to treatment for AUDs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A search was conducted on six electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and CENTRAL) using search terms under the following concepts: alcohol use disorders, initiation/adherence, treatments, and controlled trial study design. Due to the heterogeneity in intervention content and outcomes among the included studies, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The search yielded 32 distinct studies testing eleven categories of interventions. 23 out of 32 studies reported effectiveness of interventions in improving at least one initiation or adherence outcome, with 11 studies reporting an improvement in at least one outcome related to drinking, and four studies reporting improvements in at least one measure of well-being or disability. Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT) emerged as a prominent approach for treatment initiation, contingency management for adherence, and motivational interviewing (MI) for both treatment initiation and adherence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Integrating initiation and adherence interventions into AUD treatment services holds immense potential for optimizing client outcomes and fostering overall well-being. However, generalizability of these strategies remains uncertain owing to the lack of studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Addressing this gap is crucial for enhancing global access to effective treatments for AUDs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871624013541/pdfft?md5=0d25dcab53880b6b82e5f693a8acd7b1&pid=1-s2.0-S0376871624013541-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological sex modulates the efficacy of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) to mitigate fentanyl demand","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Overdose deaths remain high for opioid use disorder, emphasizing the need to pursue innovative therapeutics. Classic psychedelic drugs that engage many monoamine receptors mitigate opioid use. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the preferential serotonin 5-HT_2AR agonist, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) could reduce the demand for fentanyl in a preclinical model of fentanyl self-administration.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 25–29) were implanted with indwelling jugular catheters and allowed to self-administer fentanyl (3.2<!--> <!-->μg/kg/infusion). Rats progressed to a novel low price twice within-session threshold procedure where rats sampled the lowest price twice before decreasing the dose of fentanyl by a ¼ log every 10<!--> <!-->minutes across 11 doses. Once stable, rats were pretreated with saline or DOI (0.01, 0.03, 1<!--> <!-->mg/kg). Fentanyl consumption was analyzed using an exponentiated demand function to extract the dependent variables, Q₀ and α.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Male and female rats acquired fentanyl self-administration in the lowest price twice within-session threshold procedure. DOI dose-dependently altered fentanyl intake such that 5-HT_2AR activation decreased Q₀ in female rats but increased Q₀ in male rats. For demand elasticity, DOI increased α in male rats but did not alter α in female rats. DOI did not alter inactive lever presses or latency.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>DOI reduces consumption at minimally constrained costs but did not affect the reinforcement value of fentanyl in female rats. Alternatively, DOI significantly reduced the reinforcement value of fentanyl in male rats. Biological sex alters the therapeutic efficacy of DOI and 5-HT_2AR activation sex-dependently alters opioid reinforcement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administratively reported fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in commercially- and Medicaid-insured samples of children in the United States, 2015 – 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are lifelong conditions that can occur in a person with prenatal alcohol exposure. Although studies using intensive, in-person assessments of children in selected communities have found higher estimates of children with FASDs than studies of healthcare claims data, claims-based studies provide more current information about individuals with recognized FASDs from diverse populations. We estimated the proportion of children with administratively reported FASDs in two large healthcare claims databases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed Merative™ MarketScan® commercial and Medicaid claims databases, that include nationwide data from employer-sponsored health plans and from Medicaid programs in 8–10 states, respectively. For each database, we estimated the proportion of children aged 0–17 years with administratively reported FASDs, identified by one inpatient or two outpatient codes for prenatal alcohol exposure or fetal alcohol syndrome during the entire seven-year period from 2015 to 2021 and during each year.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During 2015–2021, 1.2 per 10,000 commercially-insured and 6.1 per 10,000 Medicaid-insured children had an administratively reported FASD; estimates varied by sex, geography, and other available demographics. Among commercially-insured children, 0.5 per 10,000 in 2015 and 0.6 per 10,000 children in 2021 had an administratively reported FASD; among Medicaid-insured, 1.2 per 10,000 in 2015 and 2.1 per 10,000 children in 2021 had an administratively reported FASD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although an underestimate of the true population of children with FASDs, patterns in administratively reported FASDs by demographics were consistent with previous studies. Healthcare claims studies can provide timely, ongoing information about children with recognized FASDs to complement in-persons studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in distributed error-related neural activation in problem-drinking young adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Detecting and responding to errors is central to goal-directed behavior and cognitive control and is thought to be supported by a network of structures that includes the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. Sex differences in the maturational timing of cognitive control systems create differential periods of vulnerability for psychiatric conditions, such as substance use disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined sex differences in error-related activation across an array of distributed brain regions during a Go/No-Go task in young adults with problem alcohol use (<em>N</em>=69; 34 females; <em>M</em>=19.4 years). Regions of interest previously linked to error-related activation, including anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and frontoparietal structures, were selected in a term-based meta-analysis. Individual differences in their responses to false alarm (FA) inhibitory errors relative to “go” trials (FA&gt;GO) and correct rejections (FA&gt;CR) were indexed using multivariate summary measures derived from principal components analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>FA&gt;GO and FA&gt;CR activation both revealed a first component that explained the majority of the variance across error-associated regions and displayed the strongest loadings on salience network structures. Compared to females, males exhibited significantly higher levels of the FA&gt;GO component but not the FA&gt;CR component.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Males exhibit greater salience network activation in response to inhibitory errors, which could be attributed to sex differences in error-monitoring processes or to other functions (e.g., novelty detection). The findings are relevant for the further characterization of sex differences in cognitive control and may have implications for understanding individual differences in those at risk for substance use or other cognitive control disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hub disruption in HIV disease and cocaine use: A connectomics analysis of brain function","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cocaine use (CU) is prevalent in people with HIV (PWH). Both conditions are linked to changes in cognitive functioning and neural network topology. The current study utilizes graph theory to investigate functional connectomics associated with HIV and CU, focusing on disruption of densely connected nodes called hubs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 206 adults (ages 22–55 years) were analyzed. A HIV x CU factorial design was implemented with participants in four groups: HIV+CU (n= 41), HIV only (n= 88), CU only (n= 36), and controls (n= 41). Functional connectomes were constructed, and thresholded graph metrics were calculated. Network centrality metrics – betweenness centrality (BC), participation coefficient (PC), and within module degree (WD) – were quantified into hub disruption indices (HDI). For each index, a 2×2 ANCOVA was performed controlling for education.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants were 68 % male and 74 % African-American with a mean age of 44.4 years. HIV and CU were associated with hub disruption in all three indices. Interactions were significant for HDI-PC and HDI-WD, such that HIV disease was associated with greater hub disruption among participants without CU, but not among participants with CU. Overall, lower global cognitive functioning was associated with greater hub disruption on all three indices.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Widespread hub disruption was evident in HIV disease and CU, highlighting topological reorganization in both diseases with neurocognitive effects. Hub-related measures inform functional connectivity disruptions in HIV disease and CU, particularly with respect to changes in network topology throughout the connectome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Views and experiences of involuntary civil commitment of people who use drugs in Massachusetts (Section 35)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Involuntary civil commitment (ICC) is a court-mandated process to place people who use drugs (PWUD) into substance use treatment. Research on ICC effectiveness is mixed, but suggests that coercive drug treatment like ICC is harmful and can produce a number of adverse outcomes. We qualitatively examined the experiences and outcomes of ICC among PWUD in Massachusetts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data for this analysis were collected between 2017 and 2023 as part of a mixed-methods study of Massachusetts residents who disclosed illicit drug use in the past 30-days. We examined the transcripts of 42 participants who completed in-depth interviews and self-reported ICC. Transcripts were coded and thematically analysed using inductive and deductive approaches to understand the diversity of ICC experiences.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants were predominantly male (57 %), white (71 %), age 31–40 (50 %), and stably housed (67 %). All participants experienced ICC at least once; half reported multiple ICCs. Participants highlighted perceptions of ICC for substance use treatment in Massachusetts. Themes surrounding ICC experience included: positive and negative treatment experience’s, strategies for evading ICC, disrupting access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and contributing to continued substance use and risk following release.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PWUD experience farther-reaching health and social consequences beyond the immediate outcomes of an ICC. Findings suggest opportunities to amend ICC to facilitate more positive outcomes and experiences, such as providing sufficient access to MOUD and de-criminalizing the ICC processes. Policymakers, public health, and criminal justice professionals should consider possible unintended consequences of ICC on PWUD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and trends of suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome over an 11-year period in Northern California: An electronic health record study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As access to cannabis has increased, there has been a rise in a condition called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). This study estimates annual prevalence of suspected CHS at emergency department visits (ED) over an 11-year period in Northern California.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective observational cohort study used electronic health records from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Two CHS case definitions were used to construct two cohorts of adults (18+) with ≥1 CHS visits from 2009 to 2019. The primary definition used a narrow definition based on past studies (CHS group 1) and an exploratory definition allowed for a broader range of codes (CHS group 2); both definitions required a primary diagnosis of vomiting. Annual prevalence of CHS and annual rates of counts of CHS visits estimated using a log-link Poisson model are reported per group.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>There were 57,227 patients with ≥1 CHS visits included in CHS group 1 and 65,645 patients included in CHS group 2. Over eleven years, CHS increased across groups with the fastest rise in CHS group 1 (prevalence ratio = 2.75, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.65–2.85, p&lt;.0001 from 2009 to 2019 vs. prevalence ratio = 2.34, 95 % CI 2.27–2.43). CHS group 1 also exhibited the largest increase in ED visits (rate ratio = 2.35, 95 % CI 2.27–2.43, p&lt;.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In a large California population, suspected CHS increased over time across definitions. Annual prevalence increased by 134–175 %, depending on CHS definition. CHS group 2’s definition may have been too broad and changes in ICD-10-CM coding may have impacted estimates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational cohort study of alcohol use and cognitive difficulties among post-9/11 veterans with and without TBI and PTSD","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol use are highly prevalent among military Veterans and independently associated with cognitive difficulties; less is known about the combined effects. This study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol use patterns and cognitive diagnoses in Veterans with TBI and/or PTSD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using electronic health record data,193,663 Veterans were classified into three alcohol use trajectory groups (consistently low, initially high transitioning to low, initially moderate transitioning to high) based on self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) scores. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between alcohol use patterns, TBI, PTSD, and the risk of cognitive diagnosis, while adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Veterans with initially high transitioning to low (HR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.11–1.31) and initially moderate transitioning to high (HR = 1.42, 95 % CI: 1.33–1.51) alcohol use patterns had a significantly greater risk of cognitive diagnosis compared to those with consistently low alcohol use when accounting for TBI, PTSD, and comorbidities. TBI (HR = 5.40, 95 % CI: 5.06–5.76) and PTSD (HR = 2.42, 95 % CI: 2.25–2.61) were also independently associated with an elevated risk of cognitive diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings suggest that Higher levels of alcohol consumption, even if decreasing over time, may confer an increased risk of cognitive diagnosis for Veterans with TBI and/or PTSD. Long-term alcohol use patterns should be considered in clinical assessments and interventions to identify individuals at greater risk for experiencing cognitive difficulties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug use practices and wound care experiences in the age of xylazine adulteration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Exposure to xylazine has been associated with wounds distinct from typical injection-related skin and soft tissue infections. We sought to understand drug use and wound care practices, and treatment experiences of people who use drugs (PWUD) in a high-prevalence area of xylazine adulteration.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In August 2023, we surveyed adult PWUD reporting at least one past-year drug use-related wound across three Massachusetts syringe service programs. Using a representative illustration, participants indicated if they had experienced a xylazine wound in the past 90 days. We compared demographic, drug use factors, wound care, and medical treatment experiences among those with and without xylazine wounds. We also conducted additional content analysis of open-ended responses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 171 respondents, 87 % (n=148) had a xylazine wound in the past 90 days. There were no statistically significant demographic differences between those with and without xylazine wounds. Among those primarily injecting (n=155), subcutaneous injection was nearly ten times more likely among people with xylazine wounds. For those with xylazine wounds (n=148), many engaged in heterogeneous wound self-treatment practices, and when seeking medical care, 74 % experienced healthcare stigma and 58 % had inadequate pain and withdrawal management.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>People with self-identified xylazine wounds were more likely to engage in subcutaneous injection and faced several barriers seeking medical wound treatment. Programs serving people exposed to xylazine should work to support safer injection practices, including alternatives to injecting and improving access to high-quality, effective wound care. Further study is warranted to understand the causes, promoters, and prevention of xylazine-related wounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871624013152/pdfft?md5=0e0822019e504275b6708ee404a15501&pid=1-s2.0-S0376871624013152-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142038040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic risk scores for nicotine use and family history of smoking are associated with smoking behaviour","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Formal genetics studies show that smoking is influenced by genetic factors; exploring this on the molecular level can offer deeper insight into the etiology of smoking behaviours.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Summary statistics from the latest wave of the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine (GSCAN) were used to calculate polygenic risk scores (PRS) in a sample of ~2200 individuals who smoke/individuals who never smoked. The associations of smoking status with PRS for Smoking Initiation (i.e., Lifetime Smoking; SI-PRS), and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score with PRS for Cigarettes per Day (CpD-PRS) were examined, as were distinct/additive effects of parental smoking on smoking status.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SI-PRS explained 10.56% of variance (Nagelkerke-R²) in smoking status (p=6.45x10^{<em>−</em>30}). In individuals who smoke, CpD-PRS was associated with FTND score (R²=5.03%, p=1.88x10^{<em>–</em>12}). Parental smoking alone explained R²=3.06% (p=2.43×10⁻¹²) of smoking status, and 0.96% when added to the most informative SI-PRS model (total R²=11.52%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results show the potential utility of molecular genetic data for research investigating smoking prevention. The fact that PRS explains more variance than family history highlights progress from formal to molecular genetics; the partial overlap and increased predictive value when using both suggests the importance of combining these approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871624013401/pdfft?md5=07785b4116088d737363aea286342ea5&pid=1-s2.0-S0376871624013401-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}