Drug and alcohol review最新文献

{"title":"Experiences and Predictors of Real-Time Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Use Among Australian Community Pharmacists: A Nationwide Study","authors":"Louisa Picco,&nbsp;Monica Jung,&nbsp;Rose Laing,&nbsp;Jarrod McMaugh,&nbsp;Hester Wilson,&nbsp;Suzanne Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/dar.70210","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP) are a key supply-side policy aimed at reducing medication-related harms, which have been implemented in all Australian states and territories; however, experiences have not been explored nationally among community pharmacists. The objectives of this study were to investigate PDMP use among Australian community pharmacists, including frequency of use, reasons for and barriers to use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An anonymous online survey collected data on: (i) the pharmacist (i.e., gender, years of pharmacy experience, PDMP training) and the pharmacy (i.e., location, pharmacy type, average number of daily prescriptions received); and (ii) PDMP use (i.e., frequency of use, reasons for checking PDMP, frequency of barriers experienced). Logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with frequent PDMP use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among a sample of 730 community pharmacists, regular (‘all the time’) PDMP use was more common in mandated (74.1%), compared to non-mandated (45.7%) states/territories (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Few pharmacists reported experiencing barriers ‘all the time’ in mandated (4.0%) and non-mandated (4.8%) states/territories. Pharmacists working in mandated states/territories (aOR: 3.64; 95% CI 2.60–5.09), capital cities (aOR: 1.90; 95% CI 1.34–2.70) and pharmacies that are part of chain/banner group (aOR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.04–2.13) were more likely to use PDMP ‘all the time’, compared with those with less frequent use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australian community pharmacists demonstrate variations in the frequency and reasons for PDMP use. Concerted efforts through education and practise-level interventions are needed to encourage PDMP use, particularly in non-mandated states and territories, independent pharmacies, and those working outside capital cities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Prescription Opioid and Medical Cannabis-Related Stigma Among US Adults With and Physicians Who Treat Chronic Pain","authors":"Sarah Gutkind,&nbsp;Emma E. McGinty,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Stone,&nbsp;Kayla N. Tormohlen","doi":"10.1111/dar.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stigma may influence prescription opioid and cannabis use for pain management among people experiencing and physicians treating chronic pain. We assessed differences in perceived stigma around prescription opioids and cannabis for chronic pain among these two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were from surveys of adults with chronic pain and physicians in 36 states and DC with medical cannabis laws, administered in March–April 2022 and July–August 2023, respectively. Stigma was measured as whether respondents believed they would be treated unfairly by neighbours, family or employers if using prescription opioids/cannabis for chronic pain. We compared survey-weighted estimates of perceived prescription opioid and cannabis stigma between patients and physicians using chi-squared tests and developed stigma scales (range: 1 [low stigma]–5 [high stigma]) to compare average stigma scores for each substance within subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to adults with chronic pain, physicians were more likely to believe they would be treated unfairly for managing chronic pain with prescription opioids by neighbours (39.3% vs. 18.4%, <i>p</i> value &lt; 0.001), family (32.8% vs. 17.4%, <i>p</i> value &lt; 0.001) and employers (49.8% vs. 29.8%, <i>p</i> value &lt; 0.001). Findings were consistent for cannabis. Prescription opioid stigma scores were lower than cannabis scores among adults with chronic pain (2.73 vs. 2.83) and physicians (3.22 vs. 3.33).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relative to adults with chronic pain, physicians were more likely to perceive stigma around prescription opioid or cannabis use. Both perceived more stigma associated with cannabis than prescription opioids for pain management. Group differences may reflect clinical guidance around opioid and cannabis for chronic pain, and substance differences may reflect cannabis's federal illegality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘It Takes a Village’: Sociocultural Insights From a Qualitative Study on Strategies for Member Engagement and Participation in SMART Recovery","authors":"Wan Jie Tan,&nbsp;Briony Larance,&nbsp;Alison K. Beck,&nbsp;Peter J. Kelly","doi":"10.1111/dar.70208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SMART (self-management and recovery training) recovery is a mutual-help group that supports and sustains recovery from addiction, including substance use. Meetings are moderated by trained facilitators who manage group dynamics and guide members through a 4-point program. Nonetheless, sociocultural factors can influence group processes, shaping facilitation style and delivery of SMART Recovery. Our study explored facilitation strategies used in Singapore to foster member engagement and retention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In-depth qualitative interviews with 18 participants (14 members and four facilitators) were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six themes were generated: (i) collaborative decision-making to manage inherent hierarchical group dynamics; (ii) using member-driven topics to find commonality and discuss taboo issues; (iii) emphasising ‘no right or wrong’ alleviates fear of social disapproval and disrupting group harmony; (iv) navigating autonomy within an interdependent group context; (v) encouraging involvement in activities outside of SMART Recovery meetings to strengthen group cohesion; and (vi) aligning facilitation roles with local cultural expectations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Facilitation processes were embedded within broader cultural contexts emphasising interdependence, relational harmony and belonging, collective obligation and avoiding the loss of face. Strategies reflect facilitators' social adaptability, other-orientation and responsiveness to group dynamics. These promoted key processes such as cohesion, collective identity and ownership, leading to reflective engagement, active participation and retention. Our study reiterates that situating mutual-help groups within their sociocultural contexts, including the potential coexistence of independent and interdependent views of the self, is essential for understanding and promoting meaningful engagement and participation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Detection of Novel Nitazene-Class Opioids in Unregulated Drug Markets in Canada","authors":"Emily A. Gelgoot,&nbsp;Kristy M. Scarfone,&nbsp;Nazlee Maghsoudi,&nbsp;Karen McDonald,&nbsp;Wenqing Hao,&nbsp;Cristiana Stefan,&nbsp;Daniel R. Beriault,&nbsp;Sarah R. Delaney,&nbsp;Lianping Ti,&nbsp;Samuel Tobias,&nbsp;Jeanette M. Bowles,&nbsp;Dan Werb,&nbsp;Members of Toronto's Drug Checking Service","doi":"10.1111/dar.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitazenes, a highly potent class of synthetic opioids, have emerged in Canadian unregulated drug markets. We report on their presence and composition, along with overdose trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples were obtained from January 2019 to July 2024 from two drug checking services (Toronto's Drug Checking Service (TDCS) and drug checking partners affiliated with the British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU)) and national police seizure data from Health Canada's Drug Analysis Service (HC-DAS). Overdose data were retrieved from the Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario from January 2019 to December 2022 and included deaths in which a nitazene was present. We conducted Cochran-Armitage test and logistic regression trend analyses to assess trends over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 668,486 samples, 4074 (0.61%) contained nitazenes: 532 from drug checking services (489 (0.07%) from TDCS; 43 (0.01%) from BCCSU) and 3542 (0.53%) from police seizures (HC-DAS). Twelve unique nitazenes were detected. Common co-occurring drugs included caffeine, benzodiazepine-related drugs and fentanyl and fentanyl-related drugs. Nitazenes were expected in 3 (&lt; 1%) of 532 drug checking samples. Of 14,103 samples from TDCS, 886 (6.28%) were associated with an overdose, among which 76 (8.58%) contained nitazenes. Of 8719 opioid deaths in Ontario and 1803 in Toronto, nitazenes were present in 79 (0.91%) and 33 (1.83%), respectively. Significant trends (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in nitazene detections and overdoses in Toronto, as well as nitazene detections across Canada, were observed, increasing prior to and peaking in January–March 2022, followed by reductions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of nitazenes in Canada requires enhanced overdose prevention responses and drug market monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and Motivations for Consuming No and Low (NoLo) Alcohol Beverages Among US Adults 21 Years or Older","authors":"Drew A. Westmoreland,&nbsp;Jacob Bleasdale,&nbsp;Gayathri Kothawar,&nbsp;Nichole Scaglione,&nbsp;Liana Hone,&nbsp;Ansley Bravo,&nbsp;Robert Cook","doi":"10.1111/dar.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No and low alcohol (NoLo) beverages have experienced significant industry expansion and may be a useful tool in reducing harmful alcohol consumption. However, there is scant research detailing their use and acceptability in the United States (US). The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of NoLo use patterns and to describe the use and motivation for use of NoLo products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected using Prolific to recruit a sample (<i>n</i> = 1464) of US adults ≥ 21 years old. Participants completed a 30-min survey about their experiences with NoLo beverages (e.g., if they ever tried them, motivation for use), current alcohol use, psychosocial factors and sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses comprised of descriptive statistics, bivariable comparisons and multivariable logistic regression models assessing factors associated with having ever tried NoLo (dichotomised).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three-quarters of participants reported having tried NoLo beverages. Frequently reported motivations for NoLo consumption were to decrease alcohol consumption (45.5%), abstain from drinking (37.4%) and avoid the negative effects of alcohol (36.8%). Many sociodemographic factors were associated with having tried NoLo. Notably, people who reported moderate- or high-risk alcohol consumption (AUDIT-10; AOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.4, 3.0) and people who had tried to quit drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.9, 3.7) had higher odds of trying NoLo beverages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights current trends in the use and acceptability of NoLo beverages in the US, which have potential to reduce harmful alcohol use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Price of Nitazenes for Sale on Cryptomarkets and Surface Web Shops.","authors":"Nicola Man, Monica J Barratt, Raimondo Bruno, Connor Graham, Vandit Sadaphale, Amy Peacock, Rachel Sutherland","doi":"10.1111/dar.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nitazenes are potent synthetic opioids increasingly detected in illicit drug markets in Australia and globally. Little is known about the pricing of nitazenes, which can influence patterns of use and accessibility. This study examines the price of nitazenes listed for sale via cryptomarkets and surface web shops.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected nitazene listings on English-language cryptomarkets twice monthly from October 2021 to September 2024. Prices per gram (US dollars) were analysed using a multilevel generalised additive model, accounting for nitazene type, quantity, region of origin and delivery availability to Australia. Surface web shops were identified in March 2024 using the search query 'buy [specific nitazene] Australia', with data analysed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10,749 pricing observations of nitazene powder were identified across 29 cryptomarkets; 10 surface web shops selling nitazenes were also found. Isotonitazene had the highest median price per gram ($80 USD) among the most frequently listed nitazenes. Cryptomarket prices were significantly higher for listings shipping to Australia and originating from regions outside Asia, although there was variation by nitazene type. Cryptomarket prices trended upwards from 2024 onwards. Substantial quantity discounts were observed across nitazene types. Surface web shop prices were consistently lower than cryptomarkets.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Nitazenes are available at relatively low prices across cryptomarkets and surface web shops. Given that price is a key determinant of drug-related harm, these findings reinforce the need to monitor online markets for their role in nitazene supply and to expand harm reduction efforts addressing the risks from these substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":"e70202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13346510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Payday Loan Use Among People With Lived and Living Experience of Substance Use","authors":"Allison Laing,&nbsp;Kanna Hayashi,&nbsp;Michael John Milloy,&nbsp;Thomas Kerr,&nbsp;Lindsey Richardson","doi":"10.1111/dar.70205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to high-penalty lending practices, short-term, small-dollar payday loans can trap borrowers in cycles of debt and reinforce socioeconomic disadvantage. People with lived and living experience of substance use (PWLLE) who often contend with financial and labour market exclusion and have relatively inflexible cash flow needs may be particularly susceptible. Nevertheless, the use of payday loans among PWLLE is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using cross-sectional data extracted from two longitudinal cohorts of PWLLE in Vancouver, Canada, this exploratory study characterises prevalence and correlates of payday loan use. Logistic regression models explore financial, structural, and substance use dimensions of potential relevance to payday loan use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between December 2017 and June 2018, 318 (29%) of 1082 participants reported obtaining at least one payday loan within the previous six months. In multivariable analysis, engagement in employment, including full-time, part-time, casual, temporary or self-employment, was associated with lower odds of payday loan use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.89). Conversely, average daily expenditure exceeding $50 on drug purchases (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.02–1.94), and heavy alcohol use (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.04–2.21) were associated with increased likelihood of payday loan use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings add to understandings of how income generation and higher-intensity alcohol and drug use may shape use of high-penalty short-term loans, with implications for social service provision. Findings emphasise the potential role that employment programs and alternative approaches to bridging intermittent financial hardship could play in reducing socioeconomic precarity among PWLLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Use of Extra-Medical Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adults Prescribed Methadone or Buprenorphine: A Cohort Study of Urban Adults Who Have Injected Drugs","authors":"Kyle J. Moon,&nbsp;Becky L. Genberg,&nbsp;Jacquie Astemborski,&nbsp;Danielle German,&nbsp;Gregory D. Kirk,&nbsp;Shruti H. Mehta,&nbsp;Kenneth A. Feder","doi":"10.1111/dar.70204","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a policy environment with constrained access to the medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), we examined the prevalence and correlates of extra-medical use of these medications among individuals already prescribed MOUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 641 adults in Baltimore participating in the ALIVE cohort study, who self-reported buprenorphine or methadone treatment, we estimated the prevalence of using these same medications outside a formal treatment context (“extra-medical MOUD”). Using logistic regression with generalised estimating equations to account for clustering within individuals, we assess behavioural, sociodemographic, and clinical correlates of extra-medical MOUD use in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across 1325 visits in January 2023–December 2024 (73% aged ≥ 50 years, 68% Black, 64% male), 129 (10%) reported use of extra-medical MOUD. Use of multiple substances (OR 6.05 [95% CI 3.96, 9.23]), injection drug use (6.79 [4.30, 10.70]), any withdrawal sickness (5.51 [3.62, 8.38]) and depressive symptoms (3.90 [2.64, 5.76]) were significantly associated with extra-medical MOUD use. Those engaged in methadone treatment ≥ 6 months had significantly lower odds of extra-medical use (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.42 [0.22, 0.80]), compared with those newly engaged. By contrast, prescribed buprenorphine dose, but not duration of engagement, was associated with extra-medical use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among adults receiving legally prescribed or dispensed buprenorphine or methadone, extra-medical use of these same medications was reported at one in every 10 visits. Those with heightened vulnerability to drug-related harms were most likely to use extra-medical MOUD. Findings have implications for policies and practices restricting treatment access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Have Alcohol Producers Changed the Alcohol Content of Their Products? A Descriptive Analysis of Reformulation in the Off-Trade Alcohol Market in Great Britain, 2018–2025","authors":"Colin Angus,&nbsp;Luke Wilson,&nbsp;Sarah Jackson,&nbsp;Nathan Critchlow,&nbsp;Grace Leeming,&nbsp;Jamie Brown,&nbsp;John Holmes","doi":"10.1111/dar.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In August 2023, the United Kingdom introduced alcohol taxation reforms designed to encourage alcohol producers to lower the alcoholic strength of their products. This study aims to quantify the extent of reformulation of alcoholic drinks sold in the off-trade in Great Britain between 2018 and 2025 and explore the role the tax reforms may have played.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used continuous longitudinal data on alcohol purchases from Worldpanel by Numerator's Take Home data to examine changes between 2018 and 2025 in the mean alcohol-by-volume (ABV) of all alcohol sold, identify specific product reformulations and examine how their timing related to the 2023 tax reforms. We also explored growth in the &lt; 3.5% ABV beer market, for which tax rates were cut in the reforms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average ABV of all alcohol rose from 17.2% in late 2018 to 17.7% in June 2022, before falling to 16.7% in December 2025. We identified 557 reformulations, of which 50% were for wine and 17% were for beer. Reformulations increased substantially following the reforms, with the proportion of the beer market, measured in pure alcohol, sold below 3.5% ABV increasing from 1.1% in 2022 to 18.1% in 2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that the 2023 UK alcohol tax reforms appear to have contributed to an increase in reformulations that reduced the strength of alcoholic drinks. In turn, these may have played a role in reductions in the overall ABV of alcoholic drinks purchases. Following the reforms, there was a large and immediate increase in the market share of lower-strength beers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossed Pathways: Tobacco–Cannabis Co-Use and Motivation to Quit in Young Adults in France","authors":"Tangui Barré,&nbsp;Géraldine Cazorla,&nbsp;Vincent Leroy,&nbsp;Gwenaëlle Maradan,&nbsp;Clotilde Couderc,&nbsp;Julia de Ternay,&nbsp;Carlotta Magnani,&nbsp;Patrizia Carrieri","doi":"10.1111/dar.70195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among young adults, intertwined tobacco and cannabis use is a major concern, being linked to poorer cessation outcomes than exclusive use. However, little is known about the shared and simultaneous determinants of motivation to quit both substances, and how the use of one influences readiness to quit the other. We aimed to examine these relationships, focusing particularly on the role of low socioeconomic status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a cross-sectional survey of French young adults (18–30 years) who co-use tobacco and cannabis, we modelled pathways to readiness to quit both substances using generalised structural equation modelling (GSEM). Factors associated with four or more lifetime quit attempts for tobacco and cannabis were also assessed using separate binary logistic regressions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 357 participants (54.9% male), GSEM analysis revealed that low socioeconomic status was positively associated with frequency of use (<i>β</i> = 0.12, 95% confidence interval [0.04; 0.19] for tobacco; 0.09 [0.02; 0.17] for cannabis) and directly linked to greater readiness to quit both substances (<i>β</i> = 0.14 [0.04; 0.24] for tobacco; 0.13 [0.03; 0.23] for cannabis). Further regression analyses suggested that financial strain was the primary driver of these two latter associations with readiness to quit. For both substances, ≥ 4 lifetime quit attempts were associated with material deprivation (adjusted odds ratio 1.39 [1.22; 1.58] for tobacco; 1.24 [1.10; 1.40] for cannabis).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In young adults who co-use tobacco and cannabis, financial strain emerged as a common determinant of motivation to quit, supporting the potential utility of monetary incentives in dual cessation. Further research, including qualitative studies, is needed to clarify cross-substance effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}