Drug and alcohol review最新文献

{"title":"Excess mortality in people hospitalised for alcohol use disorders before and during the pandemic – A registry-based retrospective cohort study","authors":"Ladislav Kážmér,&nbsp;Ondřej Šíba,&nbsp;Barbora Orlíková","doi":"10.1111/dar.14045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim was to analyse mortality and estimate the life expectancy among people hospitalised for alcohol use disorders (AUD) compared with the general Czech population aged ≥20 years. A temporal perspective on excess mortality was used, covering three recent calendar periods before and during the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three retrospective cohorts of the target population were constructed using registry-based data. The target population was defined as all adult patients (aged ≥20 years) admitted to the hospital for AUD (ICD-10 dg. of F10.x) between 2010 and 2021. Age-adjusted mortality rates and life expectancies were calculated for the comparative analysis. Official Czech mortality and vital statistics were used for the comparison. A Poisson log-linear regression model was used to test the effect of the pandemic period (2020–2021) on mortality in the AUD target population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At age 20, the estimated life expectancy of the AUD target was 21–27 years less than that of the Czech general population. Excess mortality was relatively highest in young people aged 20–34 years and in adults aged 35–49 years. During the pandemic period 2020–2021, mortality rates in the target AUD increased significantly. However, relative inequalities with the general Czech population did not change significantly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People hospitalised for AUD have much higher mortality rates, resulting in markedly reduced life expectancy. During the pandemic, their mortality rates increased even more. However, the increase was no greater than in the general Czech population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1229-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulsivity traits moderate the longitudinal association between mental health and hazardous cannabis use in emerging adults","authors":"Alba González-Roz,&nbsp;Yasmina Castaño,&nbsp;Roberto Secades-Villa,&nbsp;Tim Janssen,&nbsp;Guillermo Vallejo-Seco,&nbsp;Carlos Blanco","doi":"10.1111/dar.14047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in past-month cannabis use and hazardous cannabis use over 1 year in emerging adults and to examine the prospective associations between changes in depression, anxiety, stress and hazardous cannabis use, using age, sex and impulsivity as potential moderators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 2762 college students (aged 18–25) who were surveyed three times over the course of a year (T1: September–November 2021; T2: March–May 2022; and T3: September–November 2022). Structural equation modelling and semi-parametric mixed-effects repeated measures models were used to examine the prospective associations between depression, anxiety, stress and hazardous cannabis use, moderated by time-variant (impulsivity trait and age) and time-invariant (sex at birth) variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of past-month cannabis use was 11.5% at T1, 3.5% at T2 and 9.1% at T3. Autoregressive effects suggested that participants with elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress at T2 tended to inform on similar impairment at T3. Cross-lagged relationships were found for anxiety at T2 and hazardous cannabis use at T3, and for hazardous cannabis use at T2 and stress at T3. Increases in emotional variables were indirectly associated with a higher risk of hazardous cannabis use through impulsivity traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cannabis users reported more problems in the face of worsened mental health and negative/positive urgency. Effective interventions should be framed under a transdiagnostic approach that targets emotional regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1049-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-care costs among people who use methamphetamine in Australia","authors":"Anh Dam Tran,&nbsp;Rory Chen,&nbsp;Grant Sara,&nbsp;Rebecca McKetin","doi":"10.1111/dar.14043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to estimate the drug treatment costs and health services utilisation costs among people who used different treatment modalities to treat methamphetamine dependence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a sub-study of a prospective observational cohort study MATES (<i>n</i> = 501), including recruitment from 15 residential rehabilitation services, 13 counselling services and 11 detoxification units in Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. Participants with methamphetamine dependence who had used methamphetamine in the 28 days before baseline assessment and completed 3- and 12-month follow-ups were included (<i>n</i> = 323). Unit costs per day/episode of each treatment type were taken from published literature. Self-reported health services utilisation (HSU) was collected via structured face-to-face and telephone interviews. Hospital admissions were allocated a likely diagnosis grouping from the Australian Refined Diagnosis-Related Groupings. Emergency department presentations were allocated a likely triage category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Average drug treatment costs per person per year were AU$10,540 (SD 13,995), accounting for 63% of total health-care costs, which were AU$16,862 (SD 19,908). Drug treatment costs of counselling participants were only around 40% of detox and residential rehab participants. However, the HSU costs of detox and rehab participants were approximately 60% lower than those of counselling participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drug treatment costs accounted for more than half of total health care costs, representing a substantial financial burden. Detox and rehab treatment costs more but saved costs in health services use. HSU costs among people who had severe mental health problems and injected methamphetamine were substantially high. Strategies to support these groups are necessary to reduce the cost burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1157-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thou doth protest too much: How the minimum unit price affected retailers' revenue","authors":"Nicholas Taylor,&nbsp;Ryan Baldwin,&nbsp;Emma Vieira,&nbsp;Michael Livingston","doi":"10.1111/dar.14041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Northern Territory (NT) set a minimum unit price (MUP) of alcohol in 2018. This measure has been strongly opposed by alcohol retailers, prior to and post-implementation of the policy. However, exact estimates on the impact of the MUP on alcohol retailers are yet to be made. This study aims to estimate the impact of the MUP on retail sales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 3-year evaluation of the MUP used sales data from two major retailers to display alcohol consumption in the NT by beverage category and price point the year before and after the MUP. This data was extracted from the report and used to estimate the total retail value of alcohol sold before and after the MUP by category. State-wide alcohol wholesaler data was used to evaluate the representativeness of the retail data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The retail data used in the study accounts for 31% of the total alcohol market in the NT. Retail data substantially over-represents the drop in cask wine consumption (71%) compared to wholesaler data (51%). Revenue from cask wine dropped by 42% after the introduction of the MUP, but these reductions were offset by increases in revenue from spirit sales. Overall, despite a 6% decrease in sales of pure alcohol, the two retailers had an increase in revenue of 1%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MUP appears to have had a negligible impact on the revenue of alcohol retailers in the NT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1272-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction specialists' perspectives on digital contingency management and its role within UK drug and alcohol services: A qualitative exploration","authors":"Carol-Ann Getty,&nbsp;Nicola Metrebian,&nbsp;Joanne Neale,&nbsp;Tim Weaver,&nbsp;John Strang","doi":"10.1111/dar.14046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contingency management (CM), based on the principles of operant conditioning, uses positive reinforcement to promote behaviour change in individuals with substance use disorder. Research on CM has grown exponentially, with technology being used to expand the reach and scope of these interventions. The views of policy professionals and treatment providers on the remote delivery of CM are likely to play an important role in the development and application of these interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured qualitative interviews, analysed using framework analysis, were conducted with 22 UK-based addiction specialists to explore their views on digital CM, including its place within UK drug and alcohol services and future developments. Participants included commissioners, policy professionals and clinicians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CM was widely acknowledged as an effective, scientifically grounded and appropriate treatment approach for drug treatment and recovery. While addiction specialists see CM as a powerful tool in a comprehensive addiction treatment toolkit, they identify the barriers impeding its implementation, including a lack of awareness among treatment providers, commissioning challenges, resource constraints and ethical concerns. Remote delivery of CM was considered a promising approach for overcoming some of these barriers and enhancing CM delivery and engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Technology needs to be integrated into clinical practice to expand the reach of treatment. While current evidence supports digital CM, concerns about digital literacy, technological barriers, resource constraints, public acceptability and political hesitancy highlight the need for further research to validate its feasibility and to explore the extent to which it should complement, rather than replace, in-person treatment options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"946-960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recreational nitrous oxide use in France in 2022: Results from a nationwide representative sample of adults","authors":"Tangui Barré,&nbsp;Emmanuel Lahaie,&nbsp;Vincent Di Beo,&nbsp;Patrizia Carrieri,&nbsp;Raphaël Andler,&nbsp;Viêt Nguyen-Thanh,&nbsp;François Beck","doi":"10.1111/dar.14039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing heavy and sustained use of nitrous oxide (N₂O) for recreational purposes in several countries is a growing public health issue, as it can cause neuropathy and other harms. Documenting recreational N₂O use prevalence and characteristics of people who use the drug in the general population is essential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2 March and 9 July 2022, we conducted a nationwide survey of a random sample of adults in France to estimate the prevalence of N₂O awareness and reported use. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with reported lifetime recreational N₂O use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the study's 3229 participants, we estimated that 75.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.2–77.2) of the French adult population had heard of N₂O, that 4.3% (95% CI: 3.6–5.2) had used it, and that 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.3) used it in the past year. Reported lifetime use prevalence was highest in persons aged 18–29 years, at 13.9% (95% CI 10.9–17.5). Reported lifetime use was associated with younger age, being male, a tertiary education diploma (vs. no upper secondary school certificate) and tobacco use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated that in 2022 three-quarters of adults in France were aware of recreational N₂O use, and that 4.3% used it in their lifetime; prevalence was highest in 18–29-year-olds. To implement successful interventions to reduce N₂O-related risks, its use in specific contexts needs to be explored. Moreover, representative studies focusing exclusively on adolescents and young adults are needed to acquire an in-depth understanding of N₂O-related practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1182-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Alcohol-related injury hospitalisations in relation to alcohol policy changes, Northern Territory, Australia, 2007–2022: A joinpoint regression analysis’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/dar.14044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Chen, JLJ</span>, <span>Zhang, X</span>, <span>Draper, ADK</span>, <span>Kaur, G</span>, <span>Field, E</span>, <span>Boffa, J</span>, et al. <span>Alcohol-related injury hospitalisations in relation to alcohol policy changes, Northern Territory, Australia, 2007–2022: A joinpoint regression analysis</span>. <i>Drug Alcohol Rev.</i> <span>2025</span>; <span>44</span>(<span>1</span>): <span>324</span>–<span>35</span>.\u0000 </p><p>The funding statement for this article was missing. The below funding statement has been added to the article:</p><p>Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Sydney, as part of the Wiley - The University of Sydney agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting children from tobacco products in retail environments: A review of Australian tobacco control laws","authors":"Tess Rooney,&nbsp;Michaela Okninski,&nbsp;Kylie Morphett,&nbsp;Bernadette Richards,&nbsp;Coral Gartner","doi":"10.1111/dar.14033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Issues</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tobacco retailing remains highly prevalent in Australia and so represents a potential source of exposure to tobacco marketing for children, despite national laws that restrict tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. This study sought to answer the question of how comprehensively the current Australian regulatory framework protects children from potential exposure to tobacco marketing in retail settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed and summarised Australian tobacco control laws (federal, state and territory) for provisions related to protecting children from supply or advertising/promotion of tobacco products in retail settings. We analysed the laws for differences between jurisdictions and considered how comprehensively they protect children from exposure to tobacco product marketing in retail environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found several gaps in the laws that leave children exposed to tobacco product marketing in retail environments. For example, some jurisdictions allow children to sell tobacco products and some do not undertake controlled purchase operations to monitor compliance. No jurisdiction currently restricts the location or number of tobacco retailers, or the types of retailers who can sell tobacco (including toy stores).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are opportunities to strengthen tobacco retailing regulations in Australia to better distinguish tobacco from everyday consumer products and to protect children from tobacco marketing in retail environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Even in countries with strong tobacco advertising and promotion restrictions, such as Australia, weaknesses in tobacco laws leave children exposed to tobacco product retailing in ways that normalises tobacco product sales and use. Tobacco retailing laws should be strengthened to denormalise commercial tobacco products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1062-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does parental cohort increase the likelihood of underage alcohol consumption in Australia?","authors":"Nicholas Taylor,&nbsp;Sarah Callinan,&nbsp;Amy Pennay,&nbsp;Alexandra Torney,&nbsp;Michael Livingston","doi":"10.1111/dar.14042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent alcohol consumption has declined in many high-income countries, with some evidence pointing toward shifts in parenting practices as a key driver. Parenting styles related to alcohol use may be influenced by the generation of the parent. This study aims to investigate the role of parental generation on alcohol consumption in 15-year-olds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 2904 15-year-old respondents were extracted from 18 annual waves (2002–2019) of a long-running Australian cohort study. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether parental birth cohort significantly differed between drinkers and abstainers, and whether that relationship changed across time. The birth year of the oldest parent was used to assign them to one of three cohorts. The child's socio-demographic variables (age, gender, socio-economic disadvantage, cultural background, school attendance and regionality) and family dynamics and structure (age of oldest parent at birth, number of parents, parental alcohol consumption, having an older sibling) were controlled for in the analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Later survey wave (odds ratio 0.87) and attending school (odds ratio 0.23) decreased the likelihood of alcohol drinking for 15-year-olds. Having a parent who drinks (odds ratio 2.71), an older sibling (odds ratio 1.39), a single parent (odds ratio 1.68) and living outside a city (odds ratio 1.31) also predicted an increased likelihood of alcohol consumption. Having a parent from an earlier cohort was not significantly associated with adolescent alcohol consumption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found no evidence to suggest that parents' birth cohort influenced adolescent alcohol consumption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1222-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of opioid prescribing to opioid-naive patients after surgical and emergency care: A population-based cross-sectional study using linked administrative databases in Nova Scotia (2017–2019)","authors":"Roah A. Merdad,&nbsp;Mark Asbridge,&nbsp;Samuel Campbell,&nbsp;Daniel J. Dutton,&nbsp;Jill A. Hayden","doi":"10.1111/dar.14029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.14029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe opioid prescribing patterns for opioid-naive patients who filled prescriptions after surgical or emergency care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of opioid-naive adults who filled opioid prescriptions within 14 days of receiving surgical or emergency care in Nova Scotia, Canada. Using linked administrative databases, we estimated the prevalence of opioid prescriptions with &gt;7 days' supply, ≥90 morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day or long-acting opioids. We assessed the association of care setting and specialty with these outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 124,515 patients, 36,716 (29.5%) were opioid-naive. The median opioid supply duration was 3 days (IQR 2–5), the median dose was 50 MME/day (IQR 30–75). Prescriptions for &gt;7 days, ≥90 MME/day or involving long-acting opioids were filled by 10.9%, 20.2% and 0.7% of the patients, respectively. Hydromorphone (50%) and codeine (26.4%) were the most filled opioids. The emergency care setting had double the odds of filling &gt;7 days' supply (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.99–2.28), and 69% lower chance of filling ≥90 MME/day (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.29–0.33) than surgical care. In the surgical care setting, there was significant variation across medical specialties. Otolaryngology was associated with a higher chance of prescribing &gt;7 days' opioid supply than general surgery (OR 4.89, 95% CI 3.86–6.20). Orthopaedic surgery had a higher likelihood of ≥90 MME/day prescriptions (OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.58–3.30) than general surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Opioid prescribing patterns vary significantly by setting and specialty in Nova Scotia, Canada. Our results emphasise the need for tailored guidelines that consider clinical context and specialty to enhance patient safety and reduce opioid misuse risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"44 4","pages":"1124-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.14029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}