Drug and alcohol review最新文献

{"title":"A Broad Church: APSAD's Continuing Evolution in Governance, Leadership and Representation","authors":"Suzanne Nielsen, Craig Rodgers, John Gobeil, Scott Wilson, Elizabeth Baxter, Katherine Senior, Paul M. Dietze, the APSAD Council","doi":"10.1111/dar.70280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.70280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Professional societies evolve alongside the fields and membership base they serve, responding to new evidence, changing practice and emerging expertise. APSAD is no exception. One of the defining features of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and Other Drugs (APSAD) over the past four and a half decades has been its willingness to adapt while remaining firmly anchored in its core commitment to science, clinical excellence and professional development. As APSAD approaches its fifth decade, it is timely to reflect on that history and consider the future.</p><p>In their 2007 account of APSAD's development, Ingrid van Beek, John Saunders and Ann Roche described the Society's journey ‘from a cottage industry to a regional player’. Their account highlights an organisation that repeatedly evolved in response to the changing needs of the alcohol and other drugs field. Far from being a story of fixed traditions, APSAD's history is one of ongoing adaptation as it has evolved [<span>1</span>].</p><p>APSAD's story began with the establishment of the Australian Medical Society on Alcohol and Other Drug Problems (AMSAD) in 1981. As the name suggests, AMSAD was created primarily as a medically oriented organisation, intended to meet the needs of medical practitioners working in the alcohol and other drugs field. This focus was entirely appropriate for its time. The founders recognised the need for professional leadership, scientific exchange and workforce development in what was then a relatively small and emerging discipline [<span>1</span>].</p><p>However, as the field matured, so too did the Society. Within its first decade, the Society's leaders recognised that alcohol and other drug treatment, research and policy were not the domain of any single profession. Effective responses required collaboration across disciplines. Psychologists, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, epidemiologists, public health practitioners, policy specialists, behavioural scientists and others were making substantial contributions to the evidence-based care of people who use alcohol and other drugs. In response, the society broadened its membership and changed its name, first to the Australian Medical and Professional Society on Alcohol and Other Drugs, and subsequently to the Australian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, reflecting a growing recognition that the future of the field depended upon multidisciplinary expertise. In 2004, the society changed its name yet again, reflecting a shift in focus from Australia to the Australasian region, including Aotearoa New Zealand and the Asia-Pacific region (now being named the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs).</p><p>As noted by van Beek and colleagues [<span>1</span>], the establishment of the Australasian Chapter of Addiction Medicine was a result of APSAD and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) working together, resulting in a Chapter of the College of Physici","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Detoxification: The Critical Role of Occupational Therapy in Addiction Clinics","authors":"Muhammed Raşit Bardakçı,&nbsp;Ahmet Bulent Yazici,&nbsp;Hande Tuğçe Demirci,&nbsp;Esra Yazici","doi":"10.1111/dar.70281","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70281","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the impact of occupational therapy (OT) activities—such as music, painting and sports—on treatment outcomes for patients with alcohol and substance use disorder treated at the inpatient addiction treatment unit of Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, in Turkey. The research specifically compares hospitalisation duration and treatment completion rates before and after these activities were discontinued due to regulatory changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 332 patients were analysed, divided into two groups: those hospitalised during a 5-month period with available OT activities (training period) and those without such activities (non-training period). Sociodemographic data, treatment duration, completion of the recommended inpatient treatment program (20 days), type of hospitalisation (voluntary versus compulsory hospitalisation) and scores from the Craving Scale and Treatment Motivation Questionnaire were retrospectively analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant differences were observed between groups concerning age, gender, type of addiction, Craving Scale levels, or hospitalisation type. However, patients in the training period group had significantly longer hospital stays (15.75 vs. 12.86 days; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.005) and higher treatment completion rates (50.3% vs. 34.2%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.005). Though the non-training period group had higher treatment motivation scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), this did not correspond to longer stays or higher completion rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OT activities may reduce early discharges for alcohol and substance use disorder patients, extend inpatient treatment duration and increase the likelihood of completing the recommended program. This study highlights the potential importance of OT in enhancing patient retention and adherence to treatment protocols for substance use disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Increases in Purchasing Alcohol-Free and Low-Alcohol Drinks Associated With Attempts to Cut Down on Alcohol Consumption in England? A Time Series Analysis","authors":"Abigail K. Stevely,&nbsp;Inge Kersbergen,&nbsp;Jamie Brown,&nbsp;Ellen McGrane,&nbsp;Sarah Jackson,&nbsp;Luke B. Wilson,&nbsp;John Holmes","doi":"10.1111/dar.70278","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol-free and low-alcohol products (≤ 1.2% ABV; no/lo products) are a growing market in high-income countries, including Great Britain. These products may support people in reducing alcohol consumption, but their impact on public health is unclear. To address this gap, we analysed whether changes over time in the prevalence of households purchasing no/lo products were associated with at-risk drinkers reporting: (i) high motivation to cut down; (ii) cut down attempts; (iii) serious cut down attempts; and (iv) using no/lo products during attempts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used time series analysis of continuous household purchasing panel data and monthly cross-sectional survey data from adults in England (2018–2023). The primary exposure was household prevalence of purchasing no/lo products. Outcomes focused on cut down attempts in the last 12 months amongst at-risk drinkers, defined as scoring ≥ 5 on the consumption questions or ≥ 8 on all questions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in household no/lo purchasing were not significantly associated with population-level prevalence of high motivation to cut down (<i>B</i>: −0.001 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI −0.013 to 0.011), current or past 12-month attempts (<i>B</i>: −0.012 pp; 95% CI −0.025 to 0.000), most recent attempt being reported as serious (<i>B</i>: 0.004 pp; 95% CI −0.016 to 0.023) or use of no/lo during the most recent attempt (<i>B</i>: 0.012 pp; 95% CI −0.023 to 0.046). These narrow confidence intervals do not include clinically significant effect sizes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2018 to 2023, increases in the population-level prevalence of no/lo purchasing in England were not significantly associated with changes in the prevalence of cut down attempts amongst at-risk drinkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Nitazene Dependence in Sydney, Australia: A Case Series","authors":"Daniel Dutkiewicz,&nbsp;Hester Wilson,&nbsp;Peter Chisholm,&nbsp;Thanjira Jiranantakan,&nbsp;Christine Harvey,&nbsp;Kaniz Fatema,&nbsp;Mark Hardy","doi":"10.1111/dar.70277","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitazenes are synthetic opioids with potent μ-receptor activity. There are increasing reports of nitazene overdoses worldwide. We report on a case series of protonitazene and metonitazene dependence responding to high dose medication for the treatment of opioid dependence in both inpatient and outpatient settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six young adult males, five with multicultural backgrounds, presented to a public hospital in metropolitan Sydney, Australia in severe opioid withdrawal after ongoing nitazene use. Five were regularly vaping what they believed to be cannabinoids or nicotine, later toxicologically confirmed as protonitazene. One case had intentional recreational use of confirmed metonitazene. All six were commenced on opioid dependence treatment, four in the inpatient setting and two as outpatients. Four remain engaged with treatment while two were lost to follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case series describes the diagnosis and management of nitazene dependence in metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Similar to fentanyl dependence in international literature, high doses of buprenorphine were required. Complexities included unintentional nitazene exposure through vaping, initial diagnostic confusion, delay in toxicological testing and treatment retention with local alcohol and other drug services. The management of nitazene dependence was initially complex due to diagnostic, medication and patient factors. All cases were successfully managed with either methadone or buprenorphine in the New South Wales opioid dependence treatment program. This case series describes potential management strategies for future cases of nitazene withdrawal and dependence. Public and clinician awareness is important to ensure early diagnosis and successful management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dar.70277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Heterogeneity in Individual Characteristics and Motivation to Quit Heroin Use on Contingency Management and Opioid Agonist Treatment Response: A Latent Class Analysis","authors":"Louise MacGregor,&nbsp;Timothy Weaver,&nbsp;John Strang,&nbsp;Stephen Pilling,&nbsp;Nicola Metrebian,&nbsp;Kimberley Goldsmith","doi":"10.1111/dar.70264","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70264","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contingency Management (CM) involves the systematic application of positive reinforcement (financial incentives) to promote behaviour change, to improve treatment outcomes for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). To better understand patient heterogeneity, this study sought to identify meaningful subgroups/classes underlying the population based on characteristic groupings, followed by determining whether CM effectiveness varied between these subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline characteristics (evidenced/theorised to impact CM effectiveness) of participants with OUD from the PRAISe trial (<i>N</i> = 552) were empirically examined using latent class analysis. Model selection was based on fit statistics and interpretability. Class was then evaluated as a potential moderator of CM effectiveness on abstinence from heroin using a mixed effects model (consistent with the PRAISe trial analysis).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A four-class solution best described the population: (1) Less clinically complex/low alcohol dependence/high motivation to quit heroin (<i>N</i> = 115); (2) More clinically complex/low alcohol/high motivation (<i>N</i> = 287); (3) More clinically complex/high alcohol/high motivation (<i>N</i> = 73); and (4) More clinically complex/moderate alcohol/low motivation (<i>N</i> = 77). CM for Attendance, previously shown to increase heroin abstinence in the overall study sample, was more effective than no CM for participants in class (1) and (2) exclusively (OR = 5.21; 95% CI 1.25, 21.78 and OR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.03, 3.40, respectively). CM targeted at abstinence, previously shown to not be effective compared to no CM overall, was not effective in any class.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CM targeted at attendance is more effective for two subgroups of the OUD population characterised by either less complex clinical presentation and/or low dependence on alcohol. Individual differences may therefore inform a targeted CM treatment approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Pain Severity and Opioid Agonist Treatment Among People With Drug Injection Experience in Australia","authors":"Jie Yang,&nbsp;Louisa Picco,&nbsp;Paul Dietze,&nbsp;Peter Higgs,&nbsp;Suzanne Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/dar.70276","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70276","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pain is highly prevalent among people with opioid use disorder (OUD), yet it is often undertreated. Whether opioid agonist treatment (OAT) improves pain outcomes is unknown among this target population. This research aimed to explore associations between pain severity and current OAT status in a longitudinal cohort of people who inject drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were drawn from the Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study (SuperMIX), comprising individuals with a drug injection history recruited from areas across Greater Melbourne and Geelong, Australia, between 2008 and 2024. Eligible participants were adults who reported ever being in OAT for at least one time point. Participants were classified into four groups based on their self-reported pain level (from none to severe). Multilevel ordinal logistic regression with a participant-level random intercept examined the association between pain severity and current OAT status, comparing current OAT (methadone or buprenorphine) with no current OAT as the reference category. Current OAT status was treated as a time-varying exposure, with methadone and buprenorphine examined separately in sensitivity analyses. Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics and substance use history.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1328 participants were eligible for inclusion. At baseline, most were male (67.7%), on government income support (81.9%), and had pain at any level in the past 4 weeks (66.0%), with a mean age of 36.7 (SD 10.6) years. No association between pain severity and current OAT status was observed, while several other factors associated with higher pain severity were identified, such as older age, poorer overall health and the use of other opioids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While OAT status was not associated with pain severity in this study, several other factors associated with higher pain severity were identified. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of pain in this population and the importance of considering broader physical and emotional health when managing pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Possibility of Legalising Cannabis in Türkiye: A Multi-Perspectival Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Users, Addiction Specialists and Legal Professionals","authors":"Sadullah Seyidoğlu","doi":"10.1111/dar.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Türkiye, cannabis use and possession are illegal, yet global shifts toward decriminalisation and legalisation have intensified local debates. Existing research largely focuses on policy outcomes, overlooking how legalisation is experienced and interpreted in strictly prohibitive contexts. This study explores how the possibility of cannabis legalisation is perceived by active users, addiction specialists and criminal lawyers, and the meanings they attribute to this potential shift.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multi-perspectival interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed. Using purposive and snowball sampling, 25 participants were recruited: 10 active cannabis users, 10 addiction specialists and 5 criminal lawyers in Diyarbakır. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analysed following interpretative phenomenological analysis principles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis developed three interconnected, group-specific themes. Users emphasised normalisation, reduced stigma and safer access. Specialists highlighted risks to mental health and limited treatment capacity, expressing concern about commercialisation. Lawyers foregrounded legal ambiguities, particularly the distinction between users and dealers, evaluating legalisation in terms of legal clarity and justice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings show that legalisation is interpreted through diverse and sometimes conflicting perspectives shaped by lived experiences and professional roles. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical insight from a strictly prohibitive context and underscores the need for context-sensitive, multi-actor policy discussions integrating legal, social and public health dimensions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Harm Reduction Advice From Large Language Models","authors":"Khy Choo,&nbsp;Nathan Smith,&nbsp;Bernadette Ward,&nbsp;Robert M. Lundin","doi":"10.1111/dar.70272","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large language models (LLM) and generative Artificial Intelligence are increasingly providing health information. We have applied a novel method to evaluate the harm reduction information generated by popular LLMs. We focused on the filtration of oral medications for injection and the availability of local harm reduction services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We designed a scoring rubric to evaluate the accuracy of the information provided by each LLM and applied it to four unique, commonly used LLMs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gemini 2.5 Flash (87%) and ChatGPT-4o (77%) scored higher than DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 3.3 70B (22%) and Llama 4 (18%). Overall, both Gemini and ChatGPT-4o gave comprehensive and accurate instructions for the use of micron filters for drug injection, while neither DeepSeek R1 nor Llama 4 provided instructions on their use. Gemini 2.5 and ChatGPT-4o both scored highly for harm reduction general information and situational questions, while DeepSeek R1 and Llama 4 provided limited to no responses. Gemini 2.5 and ChatGPT-4o both provided accurate, location-specific information on local harm reduction services. Specific models also generated misinformation, further affirming the need for in-person, nuanced discussions with harm reduction specialists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we presented a novel method for evaluating LLMs' potential effectiveness for harm reduction across common techniques and situations. Most of the tested LLMs provided reasonable information in a non-judgmental manner, but they also provided misinformation, and some wouldn't answer questions due to built-in safety parameters. The developed scoring rubric can be easily adapted to other harm reduction topics for ongoing evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Context and Reporting Completeness of Event-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment in Cigarette and Cannabis Use","authors":"Jasmin (Jiuying) Han,&nbsp;Michael R. Desjardins,&nbsp;Julia McQuoid,&nbsp;Janardan Devkota,&nbsp;Joseph J. C. Waring,&nbsp;Kekoa Lopez-Paguyo,&nbsp;Nhung Nguyen,&nbsp;Pamela M. Ling,&nbsp;Johannes Thrul","doi":"10.1111/dar.70267","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows researchers to capture substance use as it occurs in daily life, but participants may not report every use event. Little is known about whether the environments where people spend time affect the completeness of these reports.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined how consistently young adults reported cigarette and cannabis use through event-based EMA and whether reporting differed by the social vulnerability of places they visited. We analysed 30 days of GPS-enabled EMA and daily diary data from 34 young adults in California (730 participant days). We compared daily cigarette and cannabis use events reported through EMA with those reported in the following day's diary and classified EMA reports as lower than, matching, or higher than the diary. Using GPS data and the Social Vulnerability Index, we measured the social vulnerability of participants' daily activity spaces relative to home.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bayesian multilevel multinomial logistic regression showed that higher social vulnerability in daily activity spaces relative to home was associated with greater odds of reporting fewer use events through EMA than in the daily diary for cigarettes (aOR 1.55, 95% CrI 1.25–1.93) and cannabis (aOR 1.28, 95% CrI 1.06–1.55). The association for cigarettes was also observed in a larger independent dataset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that the completeness of real-time substance use reporting may depend partly on where participants spend their time. Researchers using event-based EMA should consider environmental context when interpreting incomplete reports and designing studies to improve data completeness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantitative Analysis of Street-Level Drugs Seized in New South Wales, Australia: Purity, Dose and Adulterants","authors":"Janette L. Smith,&nbsp;Christine A. Harvey,&nbsp;NSW Police Force,&nbsp;Christopher J. Ewers,&nbsp;Kelsey E. Seyfang,&nbsp;Emily D. Bottero,&nbsp;Jared A. Brown,&nbsp;Thanjira Jiranantakan","doi":"10.1111/dar.70270","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dar.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Combined Surveillance and Monitoring of Seized Samples (CoSMoSS) program is a joint harm reduction initiative between NSW Health and NSW Police Force. Here, we examine the contents and purity of a sample of seized suspected target drugs (cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ‘MDMA’).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between January 2021 and March 2025, 3378 street drug samples seized during routine operations by NSW Police Force within music festivals or specified geographic regions and suspected by police to contain a target drug were selected for expedited quantitative analysis with GC–MS, with results available within 1 month.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As expected, most samples contained at least one target drug. About 1 in 6 samples (16.5%) were found to contain at least one adulterant and 3.9% of samples contained a novel psychoactive substance, including dipentylone, nitazenes, fentanyl analogues and novel benzodiazepines. Purity information is presented; median MDMA tablet dose was 104 mg and capsule dose was 64 mg (free base) and was higher in more recent years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some rarer substances with higher or unknown risk potential, including novel psychoactive substance, were detected. Adulteration of cocaine and methamphetamine with opioids and high variability in MDMA purity and dose, remain public health issues. CoSMoSS helps inform harm reduction messaging. Analysis of seized substances provides high-quality objective information about illicit drug contents and purity, enabling dissemination to the community when high risk substances are identified. These findings can also inform harm reduction messaging and programs and are monitored within the NSW Health drug early warning system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11318,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol review","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}