Diagnostic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Construction of an integrated diagnostic-therapeutic model for prostate cancer using rapid multiplex immunohistochemistry.","authors":"Yang Luan, Yin-Shuai Geng, Yong-Quan Gao, Sheng-Ming Lu, Qin Xiao, Xue-Fei Ding","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01784-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01784-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and clinical application value of constructing an integrated model for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer based on rapid multiplex immunohistochemistry (RMI) combined with intraoperative frozen section examination (IFSE). METHODS: A total of 50 patients with high suspicion of localized prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled at our hospital between January and November 2025. All patients underwent mpMRI/TRUS fusion‑guided transperineal targeted biopsy. Tissue specimens obtained during biopsy were processed for both IFSE and RMI. The RMI panel included antibodies against P504S, P63, 34βE12, and CK5/6. Patients with an intraoperative pathological diagnosis of prostate cancer proceeded directly to robot‑assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP). Those with negative intraoperative findings underwent systematic biopsy. The diagnostic performance of this model was evaluated using postoperative whole- mount histopathology or conventional pathology from systematic biopsy as the reference standard. RESULTS: The overall pathological positivity rate in this study was 86.00% (43/50). Of these, 39 patients were intraoperatively diagnosed with prostate cancer by rapid pathology and subsequently underwent immediate RARP. IFSE alone diagnosed prostate cancer in 37 cases, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.87% (37/39). The concordance rate of Gleason score with postoperative pathology was 81.08%. IFSE combined with RMI diagnosed prostate cancer in all 39 cases, each later confirmed by postoperative pathology following RARP, yielding a diagnostic sensitivity of 100%. The Gleason score concordance rate improved to 97.44%. The false-negative rate was 5.13% for IFSE alone, compared to 0% for the combined IFSE and RMI approach. The mean time to obtain pathological results was 29.80 ± 3.92 minutes for IFSE alone, and 29.93 ± 2.35 minutes for IFSE combined with RMI, indicating no significant prolongation. All 39 patients who underwent immediate RARP had a mean hospital stay of 7.31 ± 1.41 days, with only one hospitalization episode per patient. CONCLUSION: RMI effectively compensates for the limitations of IFSE alone. The combined application of IFSE and RMI within an integrated diagnostic–therapeutic model for prostate cancer significantly improves intraoperative diagnostic sensitivity and Gleason score accuracy without substantially extending waiting time. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: a case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type with TdT positive in an elderly woman.","authors":"Jingwei Zheng, Xinghui Li, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01768-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01768-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type(PCDLBCL-LT) is a rare form of lymphoma that originates from the post-germinal center and typically does not express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT), a marker of immunophenotypic immaturity. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 73-year-old female presented to our hospital with recurrent nodules on her lower limbs, which had persisted for over five years without systemic involvement, accompanied by a gradual increase in TdT expression. Histology revealed diffuse infiltration of centroblasts and/or immunoblasts within the dermis and subcutis, with CD20, CD10, BCL2 and c-MYC expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed MYC rearrangement without BCL2/BCL6 alterations, corroborating the diagnosis of TdT-positive PCDLBCL-LT. Following six cycle of R-CHOP chemotherapy, the patient achieved complete remission. A follow-up conducted one year showed no tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our case showed that TdT can be expressed in PCDLBCL-LT, and highlight the importance of a comprehensive analysis of clinicopathology and ancillary testing to avoid misdiagnosis. Additionally, the clinical course of TdT-positive PCDLBCL-LT seems remain relatively favorable. However, further research is still needed on this relationship. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of collagen band-associated regions in H&E-stained colonic biopsies of collagenous colitis patients using superpixel-based feature extraction and neural network classification.","authors":"Vytautas Kiudelis, Robertas Petrolis, Rima Ramonaitė, Dainius Jančiauskas, Lina Poškienė, Juozas Kupčinskas, Povilas Šabanas, Reda Čerapaitė-Trušinskienė, Diana Meilutytė-Lukauskienė, Algimantas Kriščiukaitis","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01783-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01783-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Collagenous colitis (CC) is diagnosed histologically and is characterised by a thickened subepithelial collagen band together with inflammatory and epithelial changes. Although routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is sufficient for diagnosis in most cases, visual assessment of the collagen band can be challenging in borderline or heterogeneous specimens. Additional stains may be required in diagnostically difficult situations. THE AIM: To develop a machine-learning–based algorithm for detecting subepithelial collagen band-associated regions in routine H&E-stained colonic biopsy images as a decision-support tool for histopathological assessment. METHODS: H&E-stained colonic biopsy specimens from 36 patients with histologically confirmed CC were imaged at 20 × magnification (1392 × 1040 pixels). Images were segmented into 1,000 superpixels using the Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) algorithm. Superpixels overlapping with expert-provided rough annotations of the collagen band were labelled and characterised using normalised RGB histograms. A feed-forward neural network classifier (three hidden layers, 10 neurons per layer) was trained to distinguish collagen band–associated from non-collagen regions. Class imbalance was addressed by data augmentation of minority-class superpixels. Post-processing with connected-component size filtering was applied to enforce spatial continuity. Superpixel-level performance was evaluated quantitatively, and image-level outputs were assessed using expert acceptability scoring. RESULTS: The classifier achieved a superpixel-wise accuracy of 0.928 (sensitivity 0.898, specificity 0.953). Size-based post-processing substantially reduced isolated false-positive detections. At the image level, the final algorithm achieved an acceptability accuracy of 0.846 according to expert evaluation. The model successfully highlighted subepithelial collagen band–associated regions consistent with expert annotations but did not model additional diagnostic features required for complete CC diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our superpixel-based neural network highlights collagen-rich regions in H&E-stained colonic biopsies, offering decision support for pathologists. As diagnosis of collagenous colitis requires broader histopathological and clinical context, this method is intended as a decision-support tool rather than a stand-alone diagnostic solution. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147527527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenocarcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a clinicopathological diagnostic study and molecular features.","authors":"Miao Yu, Min Jiang, Xinrong Zhang, Honglei Chen, Xiaoyan Ye","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01782-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01782-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Cervical adenocarcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma (A-NEC) is a rare and aggressive tumor with limited molecular characterization and no standardized treatment. This study aims to delineate its clinicopathological and molecular features to improve diagnostic accuracy and identify potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: Fourteen rigorously diagnosed cervical A-NEC cases (2016–2024) were retrospectively analyzed according to the WHO 2020 criteria. Comprehensive evaluation included cytology, histomorphology, HPV genotyping, and immunohistochemical profiling of neuroendocrine markers, Ki-67, p53, PTEN, PI3K, and PD-L1. RESULTS: All patients presented with abnormal bleeding or discharge. While cytology detected abnormalities in all evaluable cases (10/10), it did not identify neuroendocrine components. Histology revealed interdigitated HPV-associated adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma (predominantly small cell type). Molecular analysis showed component-specific heterogeneity: although TP53 and PD-L1 expression were concordant, the neuroendocrine component exhibited PTEN loss in all 8 evaluable cases (8/8) and PI3K overexpression in 5/8 cases-a pattern not observed in adenocarcinoma components. NEC demonstrated high proliferative activity (median Ki-67 80%). Survival events were concentrated within the first 24 months. CONCLUSION: This clinicopathological analysis of 14 cervical A‑NEC cases highlights the diagnostic limitations of cytology and the need for histopathological confirmation in surgical specimens. The neuroendocrine component exhibits distinct molecular features (PTEN loss, PI3K overexpression), indicating dysregulation of the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR pathway as a potential research target. Most events occur within 24 months, underscoring the importance of early monitoring. These findings improve the understanding of this rare malignancy and support future multicenter studies. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological analysis of 19 cases of mixed gangliocytoma-pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.","authors":"Huan Du, Xiaomu Hu, Nan Mei, Yin Wang, Feng Tang, Zunguo Du, Ji Xiong","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01781-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01781-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mixed gangliocytoma-pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) occurring in the sellar region are extremely rare neoplasms. To improve the understanding of these tumors and guide clinical diagnosis, a comprehensive retrospective study analyzing clinical manifestations and pathological morphology in 19 cases of sellar mixed gangliocytoma-PitNETs was conducted. A total of 19 mixed gangliocytoma-PitNETs patients from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (January 2013 – September 2025) were enrolled. Clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, histological features, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses were systematically evaluated. This tumor is more common in women, and the cohort comprised 17 females and 2 males, aged 28–70 years (mean 45.3 ± 12.1). Acromegaly was the most common clinical presentation (6/19, 31.59%). Preoperative endocrine testing revealed elevated Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in the majority of patients (12/19, 63.16%). MRI demonstrated round or oval-shaped mass lesions with marked contrast enhancement. Histologically, PitNETs components exhibited diffuse sheets of small, uniform round-to-ovoid cells, accompanied by focal large gangliocyte-like cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed Pit-1 positive in all 19 cases and CAM5.2 highlights fibrous bodies in 18 cases while 1 case perinuclear positive. According to the 2022 WHO criteria, 18 cases (18/19, 94.74%) diagnosed as high-risk sparse granular somatotroph PitNETs and 1 case (1/19, 5.26%) diagnosed as dense granular somatotroph PitNETs. Molecular analyses of GNAS R201 and BRAF V600E mutations in 19 cases showed wild-type. All patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Postoperative follow-up (mean 67.2 ± 36.0 months, range 3–129) revealed no tumor recurrence. For PitNETs with gangliocytic components, histopathological evaluation must rigorously assess adenoma lineages, given their frequent association with high-risk Pit-1-lineage tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcifying fibrous tumors of the thoracic cavity: a clinicopathological series of seven solitary cases.","authors":"Ge Lou, Chen Xing, Yujie Zhang, Shan Yu, Guiping Han","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01780-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01780-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: This study aims to characterize the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic profile of calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) occurring in the thoracic cavity, and to elucidate its key diagnostic features for accurate pathological recognition and differential diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 7 cases of thoracic CFT (3 in the mediastinum, 2 in the diaphragm, 2 in the lung). Clinical, imaging, histopathological, and immunohistochemical data were reviewed, and patient outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: All patients underwent complete surgical excision. The mean patient age was 39 years, with a female predominance (5/7, 71.4%). Most patients were asymptomatic. The tumors presented as solitary, well-circumscribed masses. Histologically, they were characterized by abundant hyalinized collagen fibers, scattered bland spindle cells, variable lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, and psammomatous/dystrophic calcifications. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were diffusely and strongly positive for vimentin, with focal weak positivity for SMA and CD34. Markers including STAT6, ALK, and pan-CK were negative. During a mean follow-up period of 31 months, no recurrence or metastasis was observed. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the importance of including CFT in the differential diagnosis of well-circumscribed thoracic masses. Recognition of its pleural origin, classic histologic triad (hyalinized collagen, chronic inflammation, and calcification) along with a characteristic but nonspecific immunoprofile is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis as more aggressive entities and to guide appropriate conservative surgical management. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a computer program for histoanatomical morphometric analysis of the bowel wall in children with Hirschsprung's disease.","authors":"Tebin Hawez, Tobias Erlöv, Christina Granéli, Gustav Andersson, Tyra Lundberg, Emma Fransson, Maria Evertsson, Magnus Cinthio, Pernilla Stenström","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01779-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01779-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Developing new diagnostic imaging methods that provide detailed visualization of the histoanatomy of tissues and organs requires precise histomorphometric evaluation. With a particular focus on bowel, this study aimed to develop and validate a computer program for reliable and efficient assessment of bowel wall histomorphometry. METHODS: A MATLAB-based computer program was developed in-house to manually delineate and automatically calculate mean layer thickness of the muscularis propria layers, submucosa and mucosa in histopathology images of bowel wall specimens from patients operated on for Hirschsprung’s disease. Validation included assessment of inter- and intra-observer reliability and agreement for generated mean thicknesses, as well as comparison with manual measurements (mean of 10 thickness measurement points). Reliability was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (good > 0.75) and agreement through Bland-Altman analysis (good= mean close to zero and spread within 2 standard deviations). RESULTS: The program allowed for import of histopathology images for bowel wall layer analysis. After manual layer delineation, the program automatically calculated mean layer thickness (mm) ± standard deviation based on approximately 3000 measurement points. For the inter-observer analyses the reliability was moderate to good in the majority of the histoanatomic layers (ICC range 0.6–0.9) and agreement was similarly good based on the Bland-Altman analyses. Also, the intra-observer reliability ranged between good and excellent in the majority of histoanatomic layers (ICC range 0.7-1.0). The high-precision layer delineation and mean thickness extraction per image took 15 min, compared to 60 min for manual measurement. CONCLUSIONS: The developed computer program enables precise and time-efficient measurements of histoanatomic layer thicknesses in histopathology images of bowel wall, with good reliabilities and agreements between examinators. The program’s application is useful in histomorphometric evaluations for advancing diagnostic imaging techniques. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Meihong Yao, Wen Li, Yingying Wang, Zui Chen, Yuye Pan, Kailin Zhang, Zihan Lu, Danna Chen, Yuhui Zheng, Yinghong Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01778-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01778-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma (PPLEC) is an extremely rare subtype of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This study aims to comprehensively characterize clinicopathological and molecular characteristics, evaluate treatment strategies, and identify prognostic factors of PPLEC. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 152 pathologically confirmed PPLEC patients in our center between April 2012 and December 2024. Data on clinicopathological characteristics, driver gene mutations (n = 40), PD-L1 expression (n = 65), treatment regimens, and survival outcomes were collected. Survival analyses were performed with Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis in the PPLELC cohort was 55 years, with a slight female predominance (52.6%) and strong nonsmoking association (75.7%). Despite the presence of CYFRA21-1, most of the serum tumor marker levels were normal. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed characteristic epithelial differentiation with high expression of CK5/6 (100.0%), P40 (98.5%), P63 (96.9%), and pan-CK (95.5%). All patients (100%) were EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) -in situ hybridization (ISH) positive. Driver mutations were rare (2 of 40, 5.0%), while PD-L1 expression was prevalent (60 of 65, 92.3%). The TNM stage distributions were I (38.2%), II (17.8%), III (28.9%), and IV (14.5%). Early-stage patients who underwent surgical resection (n = 102) achieved a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 91%. For locally advanced PPLEC (n = 14), neoadjuvant therapy is a potential strategy with an objective response rate (ORR) of 50.0%. Compared with chemotherapy alone, combination therapies yielded superior outcomes in advanced-stage patients (n = 30). Multivariate survival analysis revealed TNM stage was the independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS). CONCLUSIONS: PPLEC is a distinct LUSC subtype characterized by an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) association, a nonsmoking phenotype, epithelial differentiation, few driver mutations, and high PD-L1 expression. Surgical resection plays a pivotal role in the management of early-stage disease, whereas multimodal therapeutic approaches have considerable potential for advanced-stage cases. TNM stage was the independent prognostic factor for PFS. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing management strategies for this rare malignant entity. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of stromal maturity, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, and systemic environment in breast cancer.","authors":"Qing Guo, Yanhua Chang, Ying Cai, Shudong Yang, Jiabei Liang, Zhiyi Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01776-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01776-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The tumour microenvironment and systemic inflammatory environment are related to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various tumours. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of the tumour microenvironment and systemic environment in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: A total of 222 patients with breast IDC who underwent radical mastectomy were included. Stromal maturity and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), along with a series of systemic inflammatory cell indicators from venous blood, were evaluated. Chi-square tests were performed to explore the relationships between the parameters. Kaplan‒Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis. RESULTS: Stromal maturity was significantly correlated with tumour necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage (all P < 0.001). TILs were significantly associated with nuclear grade, histopathological grade, tumour necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and clinical stage (all P < 0.001). High TIL numbers were often accompanied by more mature stroma. No significant correlations were detected between stromal maturity/TILs and systemic inflammatory markers. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that TILs, pathological grade, clinical stage, and molecular subtype were independent prognostic factors for patients with IDC. ROC curve analysis revealed that the accuracy of stromal maturity detection was greater than that of TILs alone, and the combined assessment of both parameters achieved the best predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS: Stromal maturity and TILs in patients with breast IDC have important clinicopathological and prognostic significance, providing clinical guidance and a theoretical basis for the precise diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of this disease. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical expression of Stomatin-Like protein 2 and trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma in comparison to other thyroid lesions.","authors":"Ahmed A Elmetwally, Marwa H Khashaba, Heba M Wagih, Azza H M Zidan, Mayada S Farrag","doi":"10.1186/s13000-026-01772-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-026-01772-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Thyroid carcinoma is a common tumor affecting the Egyptian population accounting for 2% of newly diagnosed cases of cancer in Egypt yearly and constituting 7.73% of 5 year prevalence in Egypt. Stomatin-Like Protein 2 (SLP-2) and Trophoblast Cell Surface Antigen 2 (TROP-2) antibodies are both expressed in some types of thyroid carcinomas. AIM: To evaluate immunohistochemical expression of SLP-2 and TROP-2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and other thyroid lesions, assess association of both immunohistochemical markers with variable demographic and histopathological parameters and assess the diagnostic utility of both markers in thyroid carcinomas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The current study is a cross-sectional study with analytical component, performed in the Pathology laboratory of Suez Canal University Hospital on 144 samples of formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of thyroid cases, including 79 cases of PTC and 65 cases of other thyroid lesions during the period from January 2016 to May 2019. RESULTS: SLP-2 and TROP-2 have shown positive expression in 91.1% and 82.3% respectively in PTC cases. Compared to positive expressions in 38.5% and 7.7% respectively in other thyroid cases. The positivity of both markers has a statistically significant association with PTC cases, compared to other thyroid lesions p-value < 0.05). The sensitivity of combined positively expressed markers is 79.75%, specificity is 98.46%, positive predictive value is 98.44, the negative predictive value is 80% and the test accuracy is raised to 88.19 for discrimination between PTC and other thyroid lesions. There was no statistically significant association between all histopathological parameters and the expression of SLP-2 and TROP-2. CONCLUSIONS: SLP-2 and TROP-2 may be promising diagnostic markers of PTC carcinoma. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the prognostic significance of SLP-2 and TROP-2 expression in PTC and other thyroid lesions. </p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147472899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}