Diagnostic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Performance analysis of Leica Biosystems p16 monoclonal antibody in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Selvam Thavaraj, Max Robinson, Shubham Dayal, Claire Bowen","doi":"10.1186/s13000-025-01601-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-025-01601-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death globally, with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cases rising to 54,000 in the US alone in the year 2022. Recently, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was more prevalent in OPSCC patients than the traditionally known carcinogens such as tobacco or alcohol. HPV 16 is the most common causative HPV strain, which is found in 5-10% of HNSCC patients. HPV 16's E6 and E7 oncoproteins bind and inactivate p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor-suppressing genes. This causes aberrant over-expression of the cell cycle inhibitor gene, p16, leading to tumorigenesis. Leica Biosystems (LBS) has developed a p16 antibody (6H12 clone) for qualitatively identifying the p16 protein in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by immunohistochemical staining. This method comparison study tested the concordance rates between ready-to-use (RTU) LBS p16/LBS RTU p16 antibody and Roche Tissue Diagnostics (RTD) CINtec p16 Histology immunohistochemical (IHC) assays by measuring overall agreement (OA), average positive agreement (APA), and average negative agreement (ANA) rates in 170 OPSCC FFPE cases. Interobserver agreement of the 2 assays and LBS RTU p16 comparison with the standard HPV molecular assays (DNA ISH and PCR) were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and seventy (170) unique oropharyngeal cancer cases were stained for qualitative analysis by the LBS p16 antibody on BOND III. This assay was compared to Ventana's RTD E6H4 (CINtec) clone on Benchmark XT. A stained core was considered p16 positive if the Histoscore (H score) was ≥ 140 and negative if H < 140.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the pathologists, the agreement rate between the 2 assays ranged from OA, 98.7 - 98.8%, ANA, 98.8 -98.9%, and APA, 98.6%. For LBS RTU p16, the interobserver agreement was OA, 98.7%, ANA, 98.8%, and APA, 98.6%; while for RTD CINtec p16 assay, the concordance was OA, 98.7%, ANA, 98.8% and APA, 98.6%. In comparison to the HPV molecular testing, DNA ISH, and PCR, across pathologists, LBS p16 clone (LBS RTU p16) showed a concordance rate of 85.8-86.9% and 87.6-88.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LBS p16 monoclonal antibody demonstrated high concordance with CINtec p16 IHC assay across all the endpoints, suggesting a potential use of LBS RTU p16 clone in detecting p16 protein in oropharyngeal cancer cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological study and molecular subtyping of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) using dual immunohistochemical (IHC) markers.","authors":"R Vaithegi, Kanthilatha Pai, Anuradha Calicut Kini Rao, Vidya Monappa, Swathi Prabhu, Nischitha Suvarna","doi":"10.1186/s13000-025-01603-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-025-01603-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas (MIBCs) exhibit significant heterogeneity, with diverse histopathological features associated with varied prognosis and therapeutic response. Although genomic profiling studies have identified several molecular subtypes of MIBC, two basic molecular subtypes are identified - luminal and basal, differing in biological behaviour and response to treatment. As molecular subtyping is complex, surrogate immunohistochemical (IHC) markers have been used to determine the molecular subtypes with good correlation to genomic profiling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the clinicopathological features of 66 cases of MIBCs received over a 5-year study period. IHC expression was determined using GATA3 and CK5/6 to classify MIBC into luminal, basal and double-negative subtypes. The association between clinicopathologic variables and molecular subtypes were analysed using Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at diagnosis of MIBC was 65.91 years with a male predominance. Based on IHC expression of GATA3 and CK5/6, MIBCs were classified into luminal, basal and double negative subtypes in 62.1%, 30.3% and 7.6% respectively. The luminal subtype occurred at an older age and showed predominantly conventional urothelial carcinoma with papillary morphology. Basal subtype occurred at earlier age, showed greater association with smoking and was more commonly associated with urothelial carcinoma with non -papillary morphology and exhibiting divergent differentiation as well as pure squamous cell carcinoma on histopathological examination. The double-negative subtype was found exclusively in males and exhibited a non-papillary morphology. Notably, all diagnosed neuroendocrine carcinomas were classified as double-negative type. While there was no statistically significant difference in tumour stage in cystectomy specimens between the molecular subtypes, lympho-vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis was more commonly associated with the basal type (p < 0.05) There was no significant difference in recurrence rates, metastasis and death between luminal and basal subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A simple two-antibody panel using GATA3 and CK5/6 could help in classifying MIBC into basic molecular subtypes of MIBC with distinctive histopathological features that can provide insights into the corresponding molecular subtype. Greater association of lymphovascular invasion and lymph nodal involvement in cystectomy specimens in basal type and distant metastasis in the double-negative subtype suggests a more aggressive clinical behaviour of these, necessitating more intensive treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein and ezrin in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Menna Allah Gamil Ali Shalaby, Marwa Mohammed Dawoud, Marwa Salah Gadallah, Asmaa Gaber Abdou","doi":"10.1186/s13000-025-01598-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-025-01598-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, breast cancer ranks among the most common malignancies and has a high mortality rate. Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) presents a heterogeneous group with variable prognosis. Identifying reliable biomarkers is crucial for improving treatment strategies and predicting outcomes. This study investigates the immunohistochemical expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and ezrin in IBC-NST and their correlation with clinicopathological features and overall survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 160 paraffin-embedded tissue samples, including 123 IBC-NST and 37 normal breast tissues, collected from patients treated at Menoufia University Hospital during the period from January 2018 to January 2022. Immunohistochemical staining for PTHrP and ezrin was performed, and expression levels were quantified using the H score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PTHrP expression was significantly higher in IBC-NST than in adjacent DCIS and normal tissues (p < 0.001). High PTHrP percent of expression was associated with metastasis (p = 0.009), bone metastasis (p = 0.012), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.037). Ezrin expression was also significantly elevated in IBC-NST, with higher H score values correlating with high tumor grade (p = 0.002), high N stage (p = 0.045), advanced AJCC stage grouping (p = 0.0043) and metastasis (p = 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between PTHrP and ezrin expression (rs = 0.341, p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high ezrin expression, in terms of intensity (p = 0.007) and H score (p = 0.002), was linked to poorer survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the significant roles of PTHrP and ezrin in breast cancer progression. Elevated levels of these proteins are associated with more aggressive disease, suggesting their capability as prognostic indicators and treatment targets in breast cancer. Additional studies are required to investigate their interaction and collective influence on breast cancer metastasis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous clonally related anaplastic large cell lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis.","authors":"Mirvate Harb, Tom Abrassart, Laurent Dewispeleare, Pierre Sidon, Natacha Dirckx, Anne-Laure Trepant, Julie Castiaux, Pierre Heimann, Jean-Francois Emile, Hussein Farhat","doi":"10.1186/s13000-025-01597-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-025-01597-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synchronous malignant histiocytoses are rare conditions that occur concurrently with another hematologic neoplasm. Most reported cases are associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, while associations with T-cell hemopathies are less common. These two diseases may share mutations and/or cytogenetic anomalies, which can lead to malignant proliferations. In such cases, the term \"secondary malignant histiocytosis\" can be applied.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 26-year-old patient was diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma [ALK-ALCL] associated with synchronous malignant histiocytosis. Neoplastic cells were distinguished by the exclusivity of the rearrangement of TCR genes within the lymphoma cells, whereas mutations in the KRAS and TP53 genes affected mono-histiocytic cells. However, these two cells populations shared common chromosomal abnormalities. First line treatment protocol included Brentuximab vedotin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methylprednisolone. Despite a partial clinical and biological response after cycle 1 of treatment, the patient was refractory at the end of cycle 2. Patient died in the intensive care unit from a multiple-organ failure related to lymphohistiocytic hemophagocytosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case represents the first documented instance of synchronous malignant histiocytosis associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Notably, the uniqueness of this case lies in the absence of TCR rearrangement in the histiocytic cells, despite the presence of shared chromosomal abnormalities with the lymphomatous cells indicating a common origin for both neoplastic proliferations. Considering the rarity of such occurrences, the use of histiocytosis targeted therapy alongside conventional lymphoma treatment warrants consideration in such a context.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the heterogeneity of HER2 gene status and expression in non-positive breast cancer patients: insights from immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.","authors":"Jingmin Zhong, Beibei Gao, Qingjie Wang, Jun He, Danjv Luo, Chen Zhang, Jun Fan, Xiu Nie","doi":"10.1186/s13000-024-01594-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-024-01594-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer became the most prevalent malignancy among women, and HER2 expression status is critical for treatment decisions. With the emergence of ADC drugs, HER2 low-expressing patients who previously did not respond well to traditional anti-HER2 therapies may now benefit. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied to assess HER2 expression in 349 patients with HER2-non-positive breast cancer. Our analysis revealed that HER2-low tumors exhibited fewer grade III tumors (39.74% and 55.65%, respectively, P = 0.005) and higher positivity for estrogen receptor (ER, 88.89% vs. 61.74%, P < 0.001) and progesterone receptor (PR, 84.62% vs. 57.39%, P < 0.001) compared to HER2-ZERO tumors. Of the 349 cases, IHC was ultimately evaluated in 327, the antibodies demonstrated only 64.22% (95% CI: 58.76-69.42%) agreement between clone 4B5 and clone EP3. Pathologist 1, who had more extensive working experience, demonstrated higher consistency (94.19%) with the gold standard when using clone EP3, compared to Pathologist 2 (74.31%). FISH analysis revealed significant differences in HER2/CEP17 ratio and average HER2 copy numbers between HER2-ZERO and HER2-low tumors, but no clear cut-off value could be identified. Notably, HER2/CEP17 ratio mostly between 1 and 2, with HER2-ZERO tumors primarily ≤ 1.4, and average HER2 copy numbers were mostly ≥ 2 and < 4, with HER2-ZERO tumors primarily ≤ 2.5. Despite distinct clinicopathological features, FISH remains inadequate for distinguishing HER2-low from HER2-ZERO expression. Further studies are needed to improve HER2 assessment in this challenging subset of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciolopsis buski infection of the biliary tract: a case report.","authors":"Shuai Luo, Xiaoxue Tian, Ting Xu, Jinjing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13000-025-01600-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-025-01600-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fasciolopsis buski is a large fluke that parasitises the human small intestine, with its infection in the biliary tract being even rarer. Given its relatively rare occurrence in recent years, the clinical diagnosis of F. buski infections can pose certain challenges.</p><p><strong>Case demonstration: </strong>A 59-year-old male patient with a history of consuming raw pig blood was admitted with recurrent upper abdominal pain for over 10 years. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed stenosis of the lower end of the common bile duct, dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts above, and tortuous strips in the common bile duct, indicating parasitic infection. Histopathological examination further confirmed a diagnosis of parasitic infection with F. buski in the biliary tract. The patient was treated with praziquantel after surgery and did not exhibit recurrence during 6 months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biliary tract infection with F. buski is a rare parasitic disease. This case report discusses an extremely rare case of F. buski infection of the biliary tract caused by consuming raw pig blood. The clinical features, common diagnostic methods, imaging and pathological features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this disease were reviewed to facilitate an improved understanding of this rare condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex immunohistochemical and molecular study on 5 cases of ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumors reveals a consistent alteration in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.","authors":"Adam Šafanda, Nikola Hájková, Michaela Kendall Bártů, Marián Švajdler, Radoslav Matěj, Jitka Hausnerová, Tomáš Zima, Pavel Dundr, Kristýna Němejcová","doi":"10.1186/s13000-025-01599-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-025-01599-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) of the ovary is a rare tumor with distinct clinicopathological and hormonal features primarily affecting young women and children. We conducted a complex clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of five cases of JGCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The immunohistochemical examination was performed with 32 markers, including markers that have not been previously investigated. Moreover, DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) and PTEN methylation analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>We found the expression of calretinin, inhibin A, SF1, FOXL2, CD99, CKAE1/3, ER, PR, AR in all cases. WT1 was expressed in one case. Conversely, the expression of p16, OCT3/4, SALL4, GATA3, Napsin A, SATB2, MUC4, TTF1, and CAIX was completely negative. All tumors showed the wild-type pattern of p53 expression. Regarding predictive markers, all tumors were HER2 negative and did not express PD-L1. Mismatch repair proteins (MMR) showed no loss or restriction of expression, similarly to ARID1A, DPC4, BRG1, and INI1. The molecular analysis revealed AKT1 internal tandem duplication in two tumors. Two other cases exhibited mutations in TERT and EP400 and both developed recurrence. All AKT1-wild type tumors exhibited immunohistochemical loss of PTEN expression. However, no mutations, deletions (as assessed by CNV analysis), or promoter hypermethylation in the PTEN gene were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study further support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of JGCT may be driven by activation of the PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings could potentially have future therapeutic implications, as treatment strategies targeting the PTEN/mTOR pathways are currently under investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immunohistochemical combination of low SGLT2 expression and high PRDX4 expression independently predicts shortened survival in patients undergoing surgical resection for hepatoblastoma.","authors":"Yao Liu, Jia Han, Akihiro Shioya, Yang-Xian Zhang, Vu Anh Dung, Takeru Oyama, Xin Guo, Qian Yang, Tohru Ito, Sohsuke Yamada","doi":"10.1186/s13000-025-01596-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-025-01596-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant solid tumor of the liver in children and is a fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Therefore, indicators that can be used for the early prediction of the HB prognosis are necessary. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a glucose transporter protein present in the proximal renal tubules. Studies have shown that SGLT2 is associated with the occurrence of tumors and is upregulated in various tumors. Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) is an antioxidant enzyme with a secretory function and is located in the cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum. Recent reports have suggested that it is closely related to the development and prognosis of various cancers. To some degree, this is highly suggestive of the interplay between SGLT2 and PRDX4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, clinical data and post-surgical paraffin-embedded specimens from 75 HB patients were collected, and hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining of SGLT2 and PRDX4 were used to analyze their expression and correlation with the clinicopathological features and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that low SGLT2 and high PRDX4 expression predicted a significantly shorter survival and worse clinical condition in HB patients. Furthermore, when low SGLT2 expression was combined with high PRDX4 expression, the event-free survival and overall survival were significantly reduced. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses showed that low SGLT2 and high PRDX4 expression in HB were independent prognostic factors for the survival after surgical resection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The immunohistochemical combination of low SGLT2 and high PRDX4 expression can independently predict a poor prognosis in HB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(1, 3)-beta-D-Glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a useful biomarker in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary infection caused by Hormographiella aspergillata?","authors":"Haiyan Ye, Jinhui He, Jing Huang, Patrick Chu, Junru Liu, Rosana Wing-Shan Poon, Fanfan Xing, Simon Kam-Fai Lo, Ricky Wing-Tong Lau, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Susanna Kar-Pui Lau, Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu","doi":"10.1186/s13000-024-01589-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-024-01589-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hormographiella aspergillata is a rare hyaline mold causing invasive fungal infection in humans, until the frequent use of antifungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts. Due to the high mortality of H. aspergillata infection, early recognition and treatment are crucial. Previous case reports suggested that serum (1,3)-beta-D-Glucan (BG) is one of the diagnostic aids for H. aspergillata infection. Here we report for the first time a case of pulmonary H. aspergillata infection with a negative serum BG but positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) BG. This may suggest that BAL BG is a useful and additional microbiological marker for prompt identification of this fatal invasive fungal infection (IFI). But it should be interpreted together with the clinical presentation, imaging, and other laboratory results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"19 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined immunohistochemistry of PRAME and p16 in the differentiation of melanocytic neoplasms, with a detailed focus on acral lesions.","authors":"Jingwei Zheng, Jie Zang, Qiuju Miao, Xuebao Shao, Hao Song, Xiaopo Wang, Ying Zhang, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13000-024-01586-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13000-024-01586-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isolated immunohistochemical indicators are limited to diagnose melanocytic neoplasms. This retrospective study is to assess the diagnostic value of combined immunohistochemical analysis targeting preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) and p16 in melanocytic neoplasms, with a detailed focus on arcal lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single center cohort study from January 2022 to June 2023. A total of 165 identified cases were collected, including 112 melanomas (MMs) and 53 melanocytic nevi, which were composed of 122 acral samples and 43 non-acral samples. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) for both PRAME and p16 was performed in these cases, which was subsequently statistically analyzed to assess the diagnosis ability of PRAME and p16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total samples, the sensitivity and specificity of PRAME(+) for MM are 82.1% and 94.3% (AUC = 0.882, 95%CI:0.827-0.938), while of p16(-) for MM are 31.25% and 94.3% (AUC = 0.628, 95%CI:0.542-0.714); PRAME(+)/p16(-) (meaning as PRAME(+) or p16(-)) displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 88.7% for MM (AUC = 0.872, 95%CI:0.810-0.934), while PRAME(+) &p16(-) (meaning as PRAME(+) and p16(-)) revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 27.7% and 100% in MM (AUC = 0.638, 95%CI:0.555-0.722). In acral samples, PRAME(+)/p16(-) exhibited a specificity of 94.7% and a sensitivity of 86.9% for MM (AUC = 0.908, 95%CI: 0.849-0.968), with sensitivities of 90.9% for invasive MM and 82.5% for preinvasive MM, respectively; The sensitivity and specificity of PRAME(+) &p16(-) for MM is 22.6% and 100% (AUC = 0.613, 95%CI: 0.513-0.714) respectively. In non-acral samples, the sensitivity and specificity of PRAME(+)/p16(-) for MM are 82.1% and 73.3% (AUC = 0.777, 95%CI: 0.622-0.933), while of PRAME(+) &p16(-) are 42.9% and 100% (AUC = 0.714, 95%CI:0.564-0.864).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined IHC of PRAME and p16 contributes to discriminating melanocytic neoplasms, especially for in situ acral MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11237,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"19 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}