Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"LvHcS52, a Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin-derived peptide, restricts WSSV infection by promoting phagocytosis and activating the STAT signaling pathway","authors":"Shixiong Zhan ,&nbsp;Defu Yao ,&nbsp;Yueling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shrimp hemocyanin plays multifunctional roles in immunity, both in its native form and as proteolytic fragments generated during infection. Here, we characterize LvHcS52, a hemocyanin-derived peptide identified in the serum of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-infected <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. Through molecular weight analysis, N-terminal and <em>de novo</em> sequencing, and bioinformatic prediction, we define LvHcS52 as a 55-amino acid fragment (residues 526–580 of hemocyanin; accession CAA57880) with a molecular mass of 5824.09 Da, structurally featuring one α-helix and two β-strands. Both recombinant and synthetic LvHcS52 significantly inhibited WSSV gene expression (<em>ie1</em> and <em>vp28</em>), reduced viral loads, and improved shrimp survival. Mechanistically, LvHcS52 binds the WSSV envelope protein VP28 and host β-integrin on hemocytes, promoting viral phagocytosis. Moreover, it also activates the STAT signaling pathway and upregulates anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (<em>ALFs</em>) to restrict viral replication. Our findings underscore the immunological versatility of hemocyanin and illustrate how invertebrates maximize limited immune components to mount effective antiviral responses. This study provides new insights into crustacean innate immunity and opens avenues for developing peptide-based antiviral strategies in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bbe-miR-210 modulates AP-1-driven innate immune responses to LPS in amphioxus via targeting AmphiFos and AmphiJun","authors":"Tao Fang ,&nbsp;Luyao Gao ,&nbsp;Jixu Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei Ma ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Cao ,&nbsp;Ping Jin ,&nbsp;Jinjun Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activator protein 1 (AP-1) family, a group of dimerized transcription factors ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, plays versatile roles in diverse cellular and physiological processes. However, the functional characteristics of AP-1 remains unexplored in amphioxus (<em>Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense</em>), an evolutionarily pivotal chordate model for studying the origins of vertebrate development and immunity. Here, we report the discovery and functional characterization of two novel AP-1 subunit homologs, designated as AmphiFos and AmphiJun, in amphioxus. Our findings demonstrate that both AmphiFos and AmphiJun are involved in the innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Furthermore, the AmphiFos/AmphiJun heterodimer binds specifically to the conserved AP-1 DNA motif and activates downstream cytokine expression. Intriguingly, we have identified bbe-miR-210 as a post-transcriptional regulator that directly targets the coding sequences of both <em>AmphiFos</em> and <em>AmphiJun</em>, thereby suppressing their expressions to balance immune responses. Collectively, this work not only reveals the evolutionary conservation of AP-1-mediated immune regulation in basal chordates but also uncovers a mechanism by which microRNA fine-tunes AP-1 activity in amphioxus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145451245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, evolutionary analysis and expression patterns of the Interleukin-10 superfamily in Megalobrama amblycephala","authors":"Zhensheng Wang ,&nbsp;Wenya Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhenling Duan ,&nbsp;Mengfan Li ,&nbsp;Zexia Gao ,&nbsp;Huanling Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interleukin-10 superfamily members (IL-10s) play a crucial role in defending against infections by pathogenic microorganisms. Meanwhile, their significance in the immune response of fish against diseases is well recognized, yet systematic analyses of the IL-10s in fish remain limited. In this study, we identified six IL-10s (<em>Mail-10a</em>, <em>Mail-10b</em>, <em>Mail-10c</em>, <em>Mail-19l</em>, <em>Mail-22</em>, and <em>Mail-26</em>) in the <em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em> genome. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that <em>M. amblycephala</em> IL-10s (MaIL-10s) were conserved in vertebrates. Meanwhile, linear analyses indicated that <em>Mail-10a</em>, <em>Mail-22</em>, and <em>Mail-26</em> exhibited conserved genetic environments in representative species. In addition, syntenic analysis suggested that segmental duplication events were instrumental in the evolutionary expansion of MaIL-10s. Within the MaIL-10s, substantial variations in conserved motifs, gene structure, and protein structure were observed, indicating its complex evolutionary history. Expression profiling revealed high expression of <em>Mail-10</em> analogues (<em>Mail-10a</em>, <em>Mail-10b</em>, and <em>Mail-10c</em>) in professional immune organs (spleen, trunk kidney, and head kidney), but low expression in the intestine. In contrast, <em>Mail-22</em> showed the highest expression in mucosal tissues (intestine and gill). <em>Mail-19l</em> and <em>Mail-26</em> exhibited the highest expression in blood. After <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> infection, MaIL-10s displayed tissue-specific and time-specific expression patterns in infected tissues (intestine, spleen, liver). In summary, our findings deepen the understanding of the IL-10 superfamily and lay the groundwork for exploring the functions of MaIL-10s in bacterial diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molt dampens pro-inflammatory cytokine production during the acute phase response to lipopolysaccharide in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus)","authors":"A.M. DeRogatis,&nbsp;R.A. Hernandez,&nbsp;J.C. Suico,&nbsp;K.C. Klasing","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are a variety of nutritionally costly life stages that birds must balance with investments in the immune system, yet much remains unknown about how the process of molt impacts immunity. For chickens, similar to other birds, molt is characterized by periodic feather shedding and replacement along with broader physiological changes like reproductive quiescent. To investigate how molt modulates innate immunity, mRNA expression and the plasma concentration of key cytokines were evaluated following an acute phase response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS-APR). Laying hens were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection of LPS at 1.5 mg/kg of body weight during the peak feather production period of an induced molt. Cytokine expression was evaluated in the liver, spleen, and plasma 4 h post-injection. Molting hens had reduced expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the most significant reduction occurring in expression of IL-6 in the liver. This trend occurred even when the number of molted feathers varied in the fully feather UCD-003 or sparsely feathered Scaleless High hens. Importantly, molting hens failed to significantly increase plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-6 to those observed in the non-molting birds in response to LPS. A reduction in the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially those involved in the febrile response and hepatic immune function, suggest that molt may reduce the availability of nutrients and energy needed to support the acute phase response to LPS. This attenuation is likely a mechanism to allow both molt and an innate immune response to progress during an energetic or nutritional bottleneck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional analysis of C-type lectin-domain proteins in Ostrinia furnacalis","authors":"Shuyan Li ,&nbsp;Zhenkun Song ,&nbsp;Mengli Tian ,&nbsp;Anmin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuanshi Cai ,&nbsp;Jiale Ping ,&nbsp;Longcheng Xu ,&nbsp;Yunxia Luan ,&nbsp;Jian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>C-type lectins (CTLs) are a large family of proteins characterized by a conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that recognize and bind various sugar ligands. Currently, the CTLs in agricultural pest populations remain largely unexplored. In this study, 29 CTLDP (CTL-domain protein) genes were identified in the <em>Ostrinia furnacalis</em>, a worldwide agricultural pest, including 10 CTL-S (Single-CRD), 14 IMLs (Dual-CRD) and 5 CTL-X (CRD with other domains). The comparative and structural analysis of CRD sequences reveals that these domains exhibit similarity in sequences and tertiary and diversity in carbohydrate recognition motifs. CTL-Ss and CTL-Xs are predominantly expressed in the epidermis of <em>O</em>. <em>furnacalis</em>, whereas IMLs are primarily expressed in the fat body and hemocytes, which are key tissues involved in cellular immunity in insects. Moreover, the expression of <em>Of</em>IMLs in response to diverse pathogenic microorganisms varies across different time points following immune challenge. Notably, this study provides the first evidence that six <em>Of</em>IMLs are involved in hemocytic encapsulation against <em>Macrocentrus cingulum</em> larvae transplanted into naive <em>O</em>. <em>furnacalis</em> larvae. Considering the significant roles of IMLs, we further identified CTLs from 16 insect and one crustacean species using genomic data from public databases. IML was present in only 12 species, while CTL-S and CTL-X were found in all 17 species. According to the phylogenetic analysis and chromosomal distribution patterns, we hypothesize that IMLs have evolved independently within different taxonomic groups via gene duplication. These results offer insights into further exploration of CTL functions in agricultural pest insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145400150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine IFI44L inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) replication by activating IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway","authors":"Lilan Xie ,&nbsp;Haichuan Li ,&nbsp;Qing Guo ,&nbsp;Yaoming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon-Induced protein 44-Like (IFI44L), a member of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) family, plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, particularly in antiviral defense and immune regulation. However, the role of human IFI44L in viral replication remains controversial. To further characterize porcine IFI44L (poIFI44L), we cloned <em>poIFI44L</em> for the first time and investigated its role in porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) replication. The full-length <em>poIFI44L</em> cDNA encodes a 439-amino acid protein, containing an N-terminal TLDc domain and a C-terminal Ras-like GTPase domain. Sequence similarity to orthologs from mouse, hamster, rat, ferret, dog, rabbit, cat, horse, human, monkey, cattle and camel ranged from 48.6 % to 70.2 %. <em>poIFI44L</em> expression was dose-dependently upregulated in PK-15 cells by both poly (I:C) and interferon-alpha (IFNα-2a) treatments. Furthermore, TGEV infection significantly induced <em>poIFI44L</em> expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of <em>poIFI44L in vitro</em> resulted in significantly reduced TGEV <em>N</em> gene mRNA levels, N protein expression, and viral titers in a dose-dependent manner, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of <em>poIFI44L</em> enhanced viral replication. Mechanistically, <em>poIFI44L</em> upregulated IFN-β and ISRE promoter activities and upregulated the production of <em>IFN-β</em> and downstream ISGs (<em>ISG56</em> and <em>ISG60</em>). Collectively, our data suggest that poIFI44L acts as an innate immune effector that suppresses TGEV by activating the IFN-β/ISGs signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chitin binding protein from the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus involved in WSSV infection","authors":"Guo-yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-jie Qiu ,&nbsp;Jia-xin Zheng ,&nbsp;Jia-xin Yu,&nbsp;Jun-yi Ma,&nbsp;Xin-lei Wang,&nbsp;Wen-rui Zhao,&nbsp;Han-yue Ming,&nbsp;Rui-hao Luan,&nbsp;Xin-meng Pan,&nbsp;Ru-ke Sha,&nbsp;Guang-bin Sun,&nbsp;Wen-ying Liu,&nbsp;Sen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The peritrophic membrane (PM) in the shrimp intestine serves as a critical physical barrier against pathogenic infections, highlighting the importance of maintaining PM integrity for resistance to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). In this study, we identified a chitin-binding protein (CBP) from <em>Marsupenaeus japonicus</em> (MjCBP). qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of MjCBP was downregulated upon WSSV challenge. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of <em>MjCBP</em> resulted in higher 7-day cumulative mortality in <em>M. japonicus</em> following WSSV infection, and elevated <em>VP2</em>8 mRNA levels were detected in hemocytes of <em>MjCBP-</em>knockout shrimp compared to controls. Recombinant expression and purification of the first four CBDs (rMjCBP-F4) and the first CBD (rCBD1) revealed their ability to bind to N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG). Both rMjCBP-F4 and rCBD1 reduced cumulative mortality in WSSV-infected shrimp. Moreover, VP24 was shown to bind NAG, and NAG itself could decrease the cumulative mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that WSSV employs VP24 to bind chitin, thereby anchoring to the PM and facilitating subsequent infection processes. In the shrimp intestine, we propose a dual protective mechanism by which <em>Mj</em>CBP resists WSSV infection: (i) maintenance of PM integrity through chitin matrix stabilization, and (ii) competitive inhibition of VP24-chitin interactions critical for WSSV adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between microbiota and immunity shape pathogen acquisition and fitness in Amblyomma spp. ticks","authors":"Solange C. Antão ,&nbsp;Daniel B. Pavanelo ,&nbsp;Eliane Esteves ,&nbsp;Marcelly B. Nassar ,&nbsp;Beatriz I. Alonso ,&nbsp;Pablo Vera ,&nbsp;Marcelo B. Labruna ,&nbsp;Petr Kopáček ,&nbsp;Sirlei Daffre ,&nbsp;Ludek Zurek ,&nbsp;Fernanda Dias da Silva ,&nbsp;Marisa Farber ,&nbsp;Andréa C. Fogaça","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Besides carrying pathogens, ticks also harbor commensal and mutualistic microorganisms that constitute their microbiota. This microbial community can modulate the tick immune system and influence pathogen acquisition, either facilitating or hindering colonization. Additionally, the microbiota may impact tick fitness. Although the ticks <em>Amblyomma sculptum</em> and <em>Amblyomma aureolatum</em> are important vectors of <em>Rickettsia rickettsii</em>, the causative agent of Brazilian spotted fever, <em>A. sculptum</em> is much less susceptible to infection than <em>A. aureolatum</em>. Intriguingly, while <em>A. aureolatum</em> midgut harbors an abundant microbiota, mostly composed of bacteria of the <em>Francisella</em> genus, <em>A. sculptum</em> presents a markedly reduced bacterial community. In the current study, we quantified the total bacterial load also in the salivary glands and ovaries of adult <em>A. sculptum</em> and <em>A. aureolatum</em>, besides midgut. Across all analyzed organs, bacterial loads were consistently lower in <em>A. sculptum</em> than in <em>A. aureolatum</em>, regardless of whether the ticks had fed on naïve or <em>R. rickettsii</em>-inoculated hosts. High-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that <em>Francisella</em> endosymbiont is the dominant taxon in all organs of control <em>A. aureolatum</em>, with the highest relative frequency in the ovaries and the lowest in the midgut. The highest relative frequency of <em>Francisella</em> in the ovaries correlates with the lower susceptibility of this organ to <em>R. rickettsii</em>, suggesting that the endosymbiosis may limit infection. No 16S rRNA gene sequences could be obtained for <em>A. sculptum</em> samples, likely due to their low bacterial content. To investigate the role played by the microbiota on rickettsial acquisition and tick fitness, <em>A. aureolatum</em> engorged females were treated with either tetracycline or ciprofloxacin. Tetracycline treatment significantly reduced bacterial loads and antimicrobial peptide transcript levels in the eggs, and this was followed by a higher acquisition of <em>R. rickettsii</em> by hatched larvae. Additionally, tetracycline negatively impacted tick development, reducing the molt success from the larval to the nymphal stage. These results suggest that maternal microbiota plays a role in shaping offspring immunity, pathogen susceptibility, and tick development. The multifaceted role of tick microbiota in both development and vector competence underscores its potential as a biotechnological resource for developing new strategies to control tick-borne diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Integrin β1 and its effects on cell adhesion, migration and apoptosis in Sebastes schlegelii","authors":"Xiaohua Yuan ,&nbsp;Xinqing Ma ,&nbsp;Haitao Sun ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrin β1, a transmembrane receptor, plays a pivotal role in regulating cell adhesion, migration, signal transduction, and apoptosis in diverse tissues and cell types. In this study, we identified <em>integrin β1</em> from <em>Sebastes schlegelii</em> (<em>SsITGβ1</em>). The <em>SsITGβ1</em> cDNA spans 4017 bp, including a 332 bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR), a 1285 bp 3′ UTR, and a 2400 bp open reading frame (ORF). The cytoplasmic tail contains two conserved motifs, NPIY and NPKY. Its protein comprises a signal peptide, an INB domain, an EGF-2 domain, an integrin-B-tail domain, a transmembrane domain, and an integrin-β-cyt domain. Phylogenetic and homology analyses revealed that integrin β1 is highly conserved among vertebrates. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that <em>SsITGβ1</em> mRNA levels were highest in liver tissue. In the stimulation experiment of <em>Edwardsiella piscicida</em>, the expression of <em>SsITGβ1</em> in spleen tissues changed significantly. Subcellular localization confirmed that <em>SsITGβ1</em> is located in the cell membrane. Furthermore, in the <em>S. schlegelii</em> intestinal cell line, assays for cell-matrix adhesion, wound healing, and flow cytometry demonstrated that the overexpression of <em>SsITGβ1</em> (via the plasmid pcDNA3.1-<em>SsITGβ1</em>) enhanced cell adhesion, promoted migration, and reduced apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of <em>SsITGβ1</em> using small interfering RNA resulted in the opposite effects. Analysis of mRNA changes in <em>SsITGβ1</em>-regulated genes indicated that <em>SsITGβ1</em> may influence the aforementioned cellular activities via the <em>FAK</em>/<em>ILK</em>/<em>RhoA</em> and <em>Bcl-2</em>/<em>IL-1β</em>/<em>TGF-β1</em> signaling pathways. This study offers a comprehensive characterization and functional analysis of integrin β1 in <em>S. schlegelii</em>, establishing a foundation for investigating its role in the regulatory mechanisms of immune responses and cellular activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against porcine caspase-7","authors":"Chenyi Guo ,&nbsp;Lanjie Yu ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Cao ,&nbsp;Wenlong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cysteine-aspartic proteases (Caspases) play a central role in programmed cell death (PCD). Caspase-7 is an effector caspase involved in the execution phase of apoptosis and pyroptosis. Determining the expression and activation of caspase-7 is often an essential experiment in studies on PCD. Currently, commercially available antibodies specific to human and mouse caspase-7 have facilitated research on PCD in these species. A specific antibody against porcine caspase-7 (pcaspase-7) is needed, as PCD has been closely linked to porcine diseases. In this study, a recombinant pcaspase-7 protein (rpcaspase-7) with cysteine replaced by alanine at the 186 position was prokaryotically expressed and purified. This recombinant protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice to generate pcaspase-7-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The prepared 7-4E1-F4-D2-E1 mAb targets the 90–100 amino acid (aa) oligopeptide (TDKDAEALFKC) of pcaspase-7, while the mAbs 7-3F1-E2-H2-D6, 7-3F1-E2-H2-D1, 7-4E5-C11-C9-B5, and 7-4E5-C11-C9-F11 target the 45–55 aa oligopeptide (GSSVKIPRDRE). All prepared mAbs can discriminate pcaspase-7 from pcaspase-1, -3, -8, and -13. The mAbs targeting the 45–55 aa oligopeptide can also distinguish pcaspase-7 from human, hamster, and bovine caspase-7. The 7-4E1-F4-D2-E1 mAb recognizes pcaspase-7 in Western blot assays but not in immunofluorescence assays. These mAbs can be used to purify prokaryotically expressed pcaspase-7 via immunoprecipitation and to detect pcaspase-7 activation in virus-infected porcine cells. Thus, they represent valuable tools for future structural and functional studies of pcaspase-7. Additionally, this study demonstrated that pcaspase-7 can cleave porcine GSDMD, revealing a previously unrecognized function of pcaspase-7.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}