Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Evolutionarily conserved Otub1 suppresses antiviral immune response by promoting Irf3 proteasomal degradation in miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy","authors":"Yanli Su ,&nbsp;Tianjun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuena Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing evidence has been shown that OTUB1, a member of OTU deubiquitinases, is of importance in regulating the immune system. However, its molecular identification and functional characterization in teleosts are still rarely known. In this work, we cloned the <em>otub1</em> of miiuy croaker (<em>Miichthys miiuy</em>), analyzed its sequence, structure, and evolution at genetic and protein levels, and determined its function in the antiviral immune response. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of miiuy croaker <em>otub1</em> is 843 bp in length, encoding 280 amino acids. Miiuy croaker Otub1 has an OTU domain at the carboxyl terminus, which is a common functional domain that exists in OTU deubiquitinases. Molecular characteristics and evolution analysis results indicated that miiuy croaker Otub1, especially its functional domain, is highly conserved during evolution. The luciferase reporter assays showed that miiuy croaker Otub1 could significantly inhibit the poly(I:C) and Irf3-induced IFN1 and IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) activation. Further experiments showed that miiuy croaker Otub1 decreases Irf3 protein abundance by promoting its proteasomal degradation. These data suggest that the evolutionarily conserved Otub1 acts as a suppressor in controlling antiviral immune response by promoting Irf3 proteasomal degradation in miiuy croaker.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 105218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norepinephrine regulates TNF expression via the A1AR-p38 MAPK-Relish pathway in granulocytes of oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Zhaoqun Liu ,&nbsp;Weilin Wang ,&nbsp;Yanan Zong ,&nbsp;Meijia Li ,&nbsp;Yuqian Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Xin ,&nbsp;Ting Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Norepinephrine (NE) is involved in regulating cytokine expression and phagocytosis of immune cells in the innate immunity of vertebrates. In the present study, the modulation mechanism of NE on the biosynthesis of TNFs in oyster granulocytes was explored. The transcripts of <em>Cg</em>TNF-1, <em>Cg</em>TNF-2 and <em>Cg</em>TNF-3 were highly expressed in granulocytes, and they were significantly up-regulated after LPS stimulation, while down-regulated after NE treatment. The phagocytic rate and apoptosis index of oyster granulocytes were also triggered by LPS stimulation and suppressed by NE treatment. The mRNA expressions of <em>Cg</em>MAPK14 and <em>Cg</em>Relish were significantly induced after NE treatment, and the translocation of <em>Cg</em>Relish from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed. The concentration of intracellular Ca²⁺ in granulocytes was significantly up-regulated upon NE incubation, and this trend reverted after the treatment with DOX (specific antagonist for NE receptor, <em>Cg</em>A1AR-1). No obvious significance was observed in intracellular cAMP concentrations in the PBS, NE and NE + DOX groups. Once <em>Cg</em>A1AR-1 was blocked by DOX, the mRNA expressions of <em>Cg</em>MAPK14 and <em>Cg</em>Relish were significantly inhibited, and the translocation of <em>Cg</em>Relish from cytoplasm to nucleus was also dramatically suppressed, while the mRNA expression of <em>Cg</em>TNF-1 and the apoptosis index increased significantly to the same level with those in LPS group, respectively. These results collectively suggested that NE modulated TNF expression in oyster granulocyte through A1AR-p38 MAPK-Relish signaling pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 105217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent humoral responses between males and females against 24 kDa excretory-secretory protein of Haemonchus contortus and influence of ovine β-globin polymorphism","authors":"Cintia Hiromi Okino ,&nbsp;Simone Cristina Méo Niciura ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pelegrine Minho ,&nbsp;Sérgio Novita Esteves ,&nbsp;Gláucia Roberta Melito ,&nbsp;Hélio José Montassier ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lambs harboring the Hb-AA β-globin haplotype present improved cell-mediated responses and increased resistance against <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> infection. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of sex and β-globin haplotypes on specific humoral responses and phenotypes of resistance during <em>H. contortus</em> infection in Morada Nova sheep. As expected, females displayed stronger resistance during the first and second experimental challenges. Differential systemic humoral immune responses were observed comparing sex groups, in which higher levels of specific antibodies targeting 24 kDa excretory-secretory (ES24) protein of <em>H. contortus</em> of IgG and IgM antibodies were respectively observed as predominant isotypes in males and females. The IgM levels were significantly correlated with phenotypes of resistance, evaluated by packed cell volume and fecal egg counts. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting divergent humoral responses profiles to <em>H. contortus</em> infection between male and female sheep. The impact of β-globin haplotypes was less pronounced in females compared to males. Notably, only males showed significant weight differences across haplotypes, with Hb-AA lambs being the heaviest. Additionally, Hb-AA males had significantly higher PCV (indicating better red blood cell health) and lower FEC (indicating lower parasite burden). These findings suggest a more pronounced effect of β-globin polymorphisms on <em>H. contortus</em> infection in males, potentially due to their generally weaker resistance compared to females. This study highlights the importance of sex and β-globin haplotypes in shaping immune responses to <em>H. contortus</em> infection. Specifically, IgM antibodies targeting the ES24 protein appear to play a crucial role in host-parasite interactions and may hold promise for therapeutic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 105216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host response to Aplysia Abyssovirus 1 in nervous system and gill","authors":"Nicholas S. Kron ,&nbsp;Lynne A. Fieber ,&nbsp;Lydia Baker ,&nbsp;Catherine Campbell ,&nbsp;Michael C. Schmale","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The California sea hare (<em>Aplysia californica)</em> is a model for age associated cognitive decline. Recent researched identified a novel nidovirus, Aplysia Abyssovirus 1, with broad tropism enriched in the Aplysia nervous system. This virus is ubiquitous in wild and maricultured, young and old animals without obvious pathology. Here we re-evaluated gene expression data from several previous studies to investigate differential expression in the nervous system and gill in response to virus and aging as well as the mutational spectrum observed in the viral sequences obtained from these datasets. Viral load and age were highly correlated, indicating persistent infection. Upregulated genes in response to virus were enriched for immune genes and signatures of ER and proteostatic stress, while downregulated genes were enriched for mitochondrial metabolism. Differential expression with respect to age suggested increased iron accumulation and decreased glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and proteasome function. Interaction of gene expression trends associated with viral infection and aging suggest that viral infection likely plays a role in aging in the Aplysia nervous system. Mutation analysis of viral RNA identified signatures suggesting ADAR and AID/APOBEC like deaminase act as part of Aplysia anti-viral defense.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 105211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical peripheral inflammation has systemic effects impacting central nervous system proteome in budgerigars","authors":"Eleni Voukali ,&nbsp;Daniel Divín ,&nbsp;Mercedes Goméz Samblas ,&nbsp;Nithya Kuttiyarthu Veetil ,&nbsp;Tereza Krajzingrová ,&nbsp;Martin Těšický ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Balraj Melepat ,&nbsp;Pavel Talacko ,&nbsp;Michal Vinkler","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2024.105213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regulation of neuroimmune interactions varies across avian species. Little is presently known about the interplay between periphery and central nervous system (CNS) in parrots, birds sensitive to neuroinflammation. Here we investigated the systemic and CNS responses to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced subclinical acute peripheral inflammation in budgerigar (<em>Melopsittacus undulatus</em>). Three experimental treatment groups differing in DSS and LPS stimulation were compared to controls. Individuals treated with DSS showed significant histological intestinal damage. Through quantitative proteomics we described changes in plasma (PL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition. In total, we identified 180 proteins in PL and 978 proteins in CSF, with moderate co-structure between the proteomes. Between treatments we detected differences in immune, coagulation and metabolic pathways. Proteomic variation was associated with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in intestine and brain. Our findings shed light on systemic impacts of peripheral low-grade inflammation in birds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 105213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of CD83 homologs differently expressed during monocytes differentiation in ginbuna crucian carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii.","authors":"Trang Thu Tran,&nbsp;Harsha Prakash,&nbsp;Takahiro Nagasawa,&nbsp;Miki Nakao,&nbsp;Tomonori Somamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CD83 is a costimulatory molecule of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that plays an important role in eliciting adaptive responses. It is also a well-known surface protein on mature dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, monocytes have been reported to differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, which play an important role in innate immunity. <em>CD83</em> expression affects the activation and maturation of DCs and stimulates cell-mediated immune responses. This study aims to reveal the CD83 expression during monocyte differentiation in teleosts, and the CD83 homologs evolutionary relationship. This study found two distinct CD83 homologs (GbCD83 and GbCD83-L) in ginbuna crucian carp (Gb) and investigated the evolutionary relationship among GbCD83 homologs and other vertebrates and the gene and protein expression levels of the homologs during 4 days of monocyte culture. The phylogenetic tree showed that the two GbCD83 homologs are classified into two distinct branches. Interestingly, only ostariophysians (Gb, common carp, rohu, fathead minnow and channel catfish), but not neoteleosts, mammals, and others, have two CD83 homologs. Morphological observation and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (<em>CSF-1R</em>), <em>CD83, CD80/86, and CCR7</em> gene expressions illustrated that there is a differentiation of monocytes isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes after 4 days. Specifically, gene expression and immunocytochemistry revealed that GbCD83 is mainly expressed on monocytes at the early stage of cell culture, whereas GbCD83-L is expressed in the latter stage. These findings provided the first evidence of differential expression of CD83 homologs during monocytes differentiation in teleost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 105212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-20 is produced by CD3γδ T cells and induced in the mucosal tissues of grass carp during infection with Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"Xu Guo ,&nbsp;Huifeng Dang ,&nbsp;Wenji Huang ,&nbsp;Zeinab Hassan ,&nbsp;Shengran Yun ,&nbsp;Yanan Lu ,&nbsp;Yifan Liu ,&nbsp;Junya Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interleukin (IL) 20 is a multifunctional cytokine and plays a vital role in regulating autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and immune responses. IL-20 homologs have been described in fish. However, due to the lack of antibodies, cellular sources and immunological functions of fish IL-20 in response to infections have not been fully characterized. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) was generated against the recombinant grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) IL-20 protein and characterized by immunoblotting, immunofluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. It was shown that the IL-20 mAb specifically recognized recombinant IL-20 proteins expressed in the <em>E. coli</em> cells and HEK293 cells. Using confocal microscopy, the IL-20⁺ cells were identified in the head kidney, gills and intestine of grass carp, and induced after infection with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Moreover, the IL-20 protein was found to be secreted mainly by CD3γδ T cells which were located predominantly in the gill filaments and intestinal mucosa. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-20 producing T cells are required for the mucosal immunity against bacterial infection in fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of DmToll and DmToll7 homologue in Litopenaeus vannamei based on structure analysis","authors":"Chenchen Shi ,&nbsp;Zhuyun Tang ,&nbsp;Zhixin Jin ,&nbsp;Shan Huang ,&nbsp;Xiuyue Xu ,&nbsp;Chen Qu ,&nbsp;Ta-Hui Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize invading pathogens and activate downstream signaling pathways. The number of 10 Tolls is found in <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> but have not yet been identified as the corresponding Toll homologue of model animal. In this study, we predicted the three-dimensional (3D) structures of 10 LvTolls (LvToll1-10) with AlphaFold2 program. The per-residue local distance difference test (pLDDT) scores of LvTolls showed the predicted structure of LvTolls had high accuracy (pLDDT&gt;70). By structural analysis, 3D structures of LvToll2 and LvToll3 had high similarity with <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> Toll and Toll7, respectively. 3D structure of LvToll7 and LvToll10 were not similar to that of other LvTolls. Moreover, we also predicted that LvSpätzle4 had high structural similarity to <em>Dm</em>Spätzle. There were 9 potential hydrogen bonds in LvToll2-LvSpätzle4 complex. Importantly, co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that LvToll2 could bind with LvSpätzle4. Collectively, this study provides new insight for researching invertebrate immunity by identifying the protein of model animal homologue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of irf3 against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated zebrafish knockout model","authors":"Sarithaa Raguvaran Sellaththurai ,&nbsp;Sumi Jung ,&nbsp;Kishanthini Nadarajapillai ,&nbsp;Myoung-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors involved in immune responses, such as pathogen response regulation, immune cell growth, and differentiation. IRFs are necessary for the synthesis of type I interferons through a signaling cascade when pathogen recognition receptors identify viral DNA or RNA. We discovered that <em>irf3</em> is expressed in the early embryonic stages and in all immune organs of adult zebrafish. We demonstrated the antiviral immune mechanism of Irf3 against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout zebrafish (<em>irf3</em>-KO). In this study, we used a truncated Irf3 protein, encoded by <em>irf3</em> with a 10 bp deletion, for further investigation. Upon VHSV injection, <em>irf3-</em>KO zebrafish showed dose-dependent high and early mortality compared with zebrafish with the wild-type Irf3 protein (WT), confirming the antiviral activity of Irf3. Based on the results of expression analysis of downstream genes upon VHSV challenge, we inferred that Irf3 deficiency substantially affects the expression of <em>ifnphi1</em> and <em>ifnphi2</em>. However, after 5 days post infection (dpi), <em>ifnphi3</em> expression was not significantly altered in <em>irf3</em>-KO compared to that in WT, and <em>irf7</em> transcription showed a considerable increase in <em>irf3</em>-KO after 5 dpi, indicating <em>irf7</em>'s control over <em>ifnphi3</em> expression. The significantly reduced expression of <em>isg15</em>, <em>viperin</em>, <em>mxa</em>, and <em>mxb</em> at 3 dpi also supported the effect of Irf3 deficiency on the antiviral activity in the early stage of infection. The higher mortality in <em>irf3</em>-KO zebrafish than in WT might be due to an increased inflammation and tissue damage that occurs in <em>irf3</em>-KO because of delayed immune response. Our results suggest that Irf3 plays a role in antiviral immunity of zebrafish by modulating critical immune signaling molecules and regulating antiviral immune genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of defensins across the marsupial family tree","authors":"Emma Peel ,&nbsp;Carolyn Hogg ,&nbsp;Katherine Belov","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Defensins are antimicrobial peptides involved in innate immunity, and gene number differs amongst eutherian mammals. Few studies have investigated defensins in marsupials, despite their potential involvement in immunological protection of altricial young. Here we use recently sequenced marsupial genomes and transcriptomes to annotate defensins in nine species across the marsupial family tree. We characterised 35 alpha and 286 beta defensins; gene number differed between species, although Dasyuromorphs had the largest repertoire. Defensins were encoded in three gene clusters within the genome, syntenic to eutherians, and were expressed in the pouch and mammary gland. Marsupial beta defensins were closely related to eutherians, however marsupial alpha defensins were more divergent. We identified marsupial orthologs of human DEFB3 and 6, and several marsupial-specific beta defensin lineages which may have novel functions. Marsupial predicted mature peptides were highly variable in length and sequence composition. We propose candidate peptides for future testing to elucidate the function of marsupial defensins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145305X2400079X/pdfft?md5=7ccf388ffa0ec6b628d4ee20141040bc&pid=1-s2.0-S0145305X2400079X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}