Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Dietary enzyme complex improve the growth performance, digestive ability, antioxidant capacity and immunity, and glycometabolism in Penaeus vannamei fed high-plant-protein diets","authors":"Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Jinzhu Yang ,&nbsp;Weijian Huang ,&nbsp;Gang Lin ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Li ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, six isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated. A diet containing 12 % fishmeal was used as the fishmeal control group (PC). By using composite plant protein sources (soybean meal, peanut meal, and low-gossypol cottonseed meal) to partially replace fishmeal, a high-plant-protein diet with 4 % fishmeal was formed. In these high-plant-protein diets, 0 %, 0.02 %, 0.04 %, 0.06 %, and 0.08 % enzyme complex preparations (EC) were added and named NC, NCA2, NCA4, NCA6, and NCA8, respectively. The results showed that compared to the PC group, the NC diet significantly reduced the growth performance of white shrimp, which was notably improved after adding EC (WGR, FE, and SGR were significantly increased). Additionally, compared to the NC group, dietary EC significantly improved the antioxidant capacity and immunity of shrimp, enhanced the activities of plasma SOD, LZM, PO, and T-AOC, and the expression of CAT, SOD, GST, and GPx genes in the hepatopancreas. Compared to the NC group, the addition of EC also significantly improved the digestive capacity of the shrimp, with a significant increase in hepatopancreatic Try activity and the expression of Amy and Try genes, as well as a clear upward trend in the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. The plasma Glu concentration in the NC group was significantly lower than that in the PC and the EC added group. The dietary EC significantly increased the activities of key glycolytic enzymes HK, PK, and PFK in the hepatopancreas of white shrimp, and significantly upregulated the gene expression of HK, PK, and GLUT2 in the hepatopancreas. Furthermore, when compared to the NC group, EC diets notably decreased the activities of the key gluconeogenesis enzymes G6P and PEPCK in the hepatopancreas of white shrimp. Additionally, these diets significantly increased the gene expression of PC and PEPCK in the hepatopancreas of white shrimp. The optimal supplemental level of EC was 0.030–0.031 % by quadratic equation fitting of WGR, SGR, and FE with the dietary supplemental level of EC. In summary, dietary EC supplementation significantly enhanced the utilization of high-plant-protein diets by white shrimp, with the optimal addition amount being 0.030–0.031 % under the conditions of this trial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does immune priming in Galleria mellonella reveal plastic mechanisms for survival?","authors":"Fátima Terán-Murillo ,&nbsp;Enakshi Ghosh ,&nbsp;Markus J. Rantala ,&nbsp;Indrikis Krams ,&nbsp;Ronald Krams ,&nbsp;Jorge Contreras-Garduño","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune priming enhances protection in invertebrates upon secondary exposure to specific pathogens. Despite significant advances in understanding this phenomenon, it remains unclear whether the elevated defense observed through priming arises from identical or distinct effector-mediated responses within the same species. To address this, we used the model species <em>Galleria mellonella</em> from two geographically distinct origins (Siberia and Mexico), both of which exhibited immune priming with enhanced survival. We measured five immune effectors in primed individuals to investigate whether the mechanisms behind immune priming were conserved. Remarkably, we identified distinct effector responses associated with immune priming between the two groups. Individuals of Siberian origin exhibited an increased total hemocyte count, and a higher number of live hemocytes in primed individuals. In contrast, individuals of Mexican origin demonstrated a higher lytic activity and a higher level of hydrogen peroxide production in the priming group compared with control. Phenoloxidase activity did not significantly differ across treatments in either group. Our findings suggest that <em>G. mellonella</em> from different origins achieve similar survival through different physiological effectors. These results highlight the diversity of immune priming mechanisms within a single species and support the idea that the immune priming mechanisms in invertebrates may be plastic within and across species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mg2+ inhibits infection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by enhancing IRF3 expression","authors":"Na Xu ,&nbsp;Xue-Li Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuo-Cong Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Xu ,&nbsp;Bao Jie Cui ,&nbsp;Can Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang-Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Yang ,&nbsp;Dan-Dan Chen ,&nbsp;Long-Feng Lu ,&nbsp;Shun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium ions (Mg²⁺), essential divalent cations, play a pivotal role in orchestrating a myriad of physiological and biochemical processes. However, the intricate relationship between Mg²⁺ homeostasis and antiviral immunity in fish remains largely unexplored. In this study, we found that Mg²⁺ enhances the interferon (IFN) response by increasing the expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) to inhibit spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. <em>In vivo</em> studies showed Mg²⁺ increases the survival rate of SVCV-infected zebrafish while reducing viral transcription and load in liver tissues. Consistent results were obtained <em>in vitro.</em> Further investigations revealed that Mg²⁺ can enhance the endogenous expression of IRF3. Additionally, upon SVCV infection, Mg²⁺ rescues the virus-induced degradation of IRF3. These findings underscore the pivotal role of Mg²⁺ in the antiviral response of lower vertebrates, presenting a promising avenue for addressing fish viral diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nlrc5 ablation interferes with MHC-I gene expression and immune cell migration","authors":"K.A.S.N. Shanaka ,&nbsp;K.P. Madushani ,&nbsp;Myoung-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Sumi Jung ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) have complex and diverse functions. Studies in mammalian models have indicated a clear role of NLRC5 in the regulation of MHC-I gene expression. The <em>nlrc5</em> KO zebrafish model was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to understand its function with respect to VHSV. The VHSV infection experiment demonstrated higher mortality in <em>nlrc5</em> KO fish with higher VHSV copy numbers. Virus-infected pathology, such as tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and eye bulging, was significantly higher in the <em>nlrc5</em> KO fish. Expressional analysis of ifn system genes indicated the significant upregulation of <em>ifnφ1</em>. Gene expression analysis during VHSV infection indicated a significant downregulation of MHC-I genes in the <em>nlrc5</em> KO model compared to the wild-type (WT). Owing to the impact of MHC-I, the viral copy number may increase with higher mortality under VHSV infections. For neutrophil migration analysis, a <em>nlrc5</em> KO and a neutrophil-labeled model were developed (<em>nlrc5^-/- Tg(mpx:mcherry)</em>). Injury was generated in the caudal fin, and the injury site was stimulated with poly I: C. The number of neutrophils were reduced in the <em>nlrc5</em> KO fish. Levels of critical cytokines responsible for neutrophil migration were significantly reduced in <em>nlrc5</em> KO fish during VHSV infection. The data from the current study in zebrafish reconfirm the observations in mammalian models, and neutrophil migration analysis suggests that Nlrc5 may be associated with inflammatory activation in the presence of VHSV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the structural features of a feline CD8αα homodimer","authors":"Rui Ying Liang ,&nbsp;Yu Die Cao ,&nbsp;Yong Yu Gao ,&nbsp;Hai Yang Li ,&nbsp;Chen Jun Sang ,&nbsp;Yu He Xiu ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Da Zhong Liu ,&nbsp;Feng Shan Gao ,&nbsp;Zi Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cat ownership enjoys widespread popularity across the globe, with over 50 % of households in certain countries owning feline companions. Besides providing outstanding emotional support for humans, cats occupy a distinctive niche in scientific research, with their unique biological attributes and disease susceptibilities establishing them as a preferred model species across multiple disciplines. However, structural features and biological role of feline immune-related molecules remain largely unknown. In the current study, we crystallized feline CD8αα (fCD8αα) ectodomain and analyze its structural features. The fCD8αα ectodomain adopts canonical fold of the CD8αα homodimer immunoglobulin variable (Ig-V) domain and shares a common feature of CD8α also is a symbolic α-helix located on the E-F loop. In line with the known CD8αα, the homodimer formation of fCD8αα relies upon the conserved hydrophobic core,and conserved as well as species-specific residues provide additional hydrogen bonds. Compared with other known CD8α monomers, the structural differences of the fCD8α monomer focus on the loop regions linking different strands, which also show low sequence similarity in alignment analyses. Further, we generate an fCD8αα/FLA-E∗01801 model with high pLDDT and ipTM scores using AlphaFold3. Regardless of the spatial conformations of conserved or similar residues and possible interactions, the binding manner between fCD8αα and FLA-E∗01801 complex closely resembles that of the known hCD8αα/HLA-A∗0201 complex. Overall, our results provide structural and immunological knowledge for studying CD8αα function in the feline model and reveal the potential immunomodulatory roles of feline CD8 and its binding partners, deepening our understanding of the structural and functional mechanisms underlying feline immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective efficacy of Interferon-γ and β-glucan adjuvanted formalin killed vaccines in Nile tilapia against Edwardsiella tarda infection","authors":"Ritam Guha ,&nbsp;Sreeja Lakshmi ,&nbsp;Tiehui Wang ,&nbsp;Eakapol Wangkahart ,&nbsp;Preetham Elumalai","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture is a central commercial commodity for low-to middle-income countries and a promising source of economically important food and livelihood. Indian aquaculture faces challenges with the onset of several upcoming fish diseases. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogen <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em> infection is one of the serious threats affecting worldwide aquaculture. Replacing antibiotics, vaccines can be used as a safe treatment for multidrug-resistant <em>E. tarda</em>. The present study focuses on creating a formalin killed vaccine incorporated with IFN-γ and β-glucan as adjuvants, that confers protection against <em>E. tarda</em> infection in Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). The isolated virulent strain was cultivated in marine nutrient broth and inactivated by 0.5 % formalin treatment. To increase the immunogenicity, the bacterial suspension was mixed with IFN-γ and β-glucan. Fish were intraperitoneally immunized with IFN-γ and β-glucan -adjuvanted formalin killed vaccine (FKV), followed by sampling at a fixed time. After 28 days from the first immunization, the fish were challenged with <em>E. tarda</em> at a dose of 1 x 10⁷ CFU/fish. Blood from the immunized fish was sampled weekly to measure immunochemical parameters, including sodium oxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme activity (LZM), and bactericidal activity. Fish serum IgM titre values were measured on the 14th and 28 day post-vaccination (d.p.v.), and both showed that the adjuvanted vaccinated groups had higher antibody levels than the control group. The vaccinated groups with IFN-γ and β-glucan showed considerably higher expressions immune genes, including <em>IgM</em>, <em>TCR β</em>, <em>MHC II</em>. The study emphasizes that β-glucan and IFN-γ adjuvanted inactivated vaccine is a potentially plausible approach toward novel vaccination strategies for sustainable aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toll-like receptor-4 in the fish immune system","authors":"Chunxia Li ,&nbsp;Xubin Zheng ,&nbsp;Mengna Chang ,&nbsp;Qinyao Tian ,&nbsp;Zhi He ,&nbsp;Ziting Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Liu ,&nbsp;Deying Yang ,&nbsp;Taiming Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a critical class of protein molecules integral to nonspecific immunity (innate immunity), and serve as key mediators bridging between nonspecific and specific immune responses. As an important member of the TLR multigene family, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) holds particular significance due to its broad expression across various animal tissues and its pivotal roles in pathogen recognition, signal transduction, and the modulation of inflammatory responses. In aquaculture, Tlr4 has emerged as a promising target for the development of vaccines, immune enhancers, and adjuvants aimed at bolstering the health and disease resistance of aquatic animals, thereby reducing the reliance on antibiotics. To date, studies on Tlr4 primarily focused on its structural and functional properties, expression patterns, immune responses, and evolutionary dynamics. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the structural features, functions, regulatory mechanisms, and potential applications of Tlr4 in the immune system of fish, providing a foundational framework for advancing studies on fish immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-specific electrostatic interactions and the conversion of horseshoe crab haemocyanin into a phenoloxidase","authors":"Christopher J. Coates ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Nairn","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haemocyanin is a haemolymph (blood)-based protein and the functional equivalent to haemoglobin – supplying tissues with oxygen in decapod crustaceans, chelicerates, and shelled molluscs. In addition to oxygen transport, haemocyanin plays several roles in innate immunity, wound healing, and ecdysis. Under certain conditions <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, horseshoe crab (<em>Limulus polyphemus</em>) haemocyanin is converted into a phenoloxidase-like enzyme, yet the protein-ligand interactions associated with this conversion remain unclear. Negatively charged ligands, such as phosphatidylserine and sodium dodecyl sulphate, represent effective endogenous and exogenous activators, respectively. Herein, we explored the nature of the interaction between haemocyanin and phosphatidylserine. We used several spectroscopic techniques and phenoloxidase assays to follow the electrostatic interactions. Manipulating the ionic strength of the assay resulted in less enzyme activity, and reversed haemocyanin conformational changes associated with phosphatidylserine binding (confirmed by fluorescence emission spectra). The addition of wild type and rearranged peptides – mimicking the P181 to K196 region close to the active site of haemocyanin subunit II – to phenoloxidase assays resulted in less product (dopachrome) formation. We propose that non-specific electrostatic interactions between haemocyanin and endogenous activators such as phosphatidylserine facilitate the switch to a phenoloxidase-like enzyme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allogenic grafting induces PI3K-mediated tissue overgrowth in hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema radiatum medusae","authors":"Crystal Tang ,&nbsp;Miwa Tamura-Nakano ,&nbsp;Kazunori Tachibana","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allorecognition, which is the ability of an organism to discriminate between self and non-self, protects multicellular animals from somatic cell/germline parasitism. We reported and characterised allorecognition in the stolons of colonies of the hydrozoan jellyfish <em>Cladonema radiatum</em> (<em>C. radiatum</em>) in our previous publication. <em>C. radiatum</em> has a free-swimming medusa form besides the sessile colonial form. In this study, we investigated the allorecognition responses in the medusa form of <em>C. radiatum</em>. By using grafting experiments, we observed that while <em>C. radiatum</em> medusae show tolerance to both isogenic and allogenic chimerism, allogenic grafting induces the formation of a form of circular scars—we refer to as “ring-shaped scars”—around the grafts on the host umbrella. Within the scars, overgrowth of tissues occurs with additional gastrovascular canal development. By pharmaceutical experiments, we found that tissue overgrowth is dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), showing a resemblance to mammalian neoplasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 105367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning and RNA interference indicate that the Na/K-ATPase-β gene helps Hong Kong oysters (Crassostrea hongkongensis) resist short-term hypersalinity stress","authors":"Lingxin Kong,&nbsp;Ziao Chen,&nbsp;Yeshao Peng,&nbsp;Qiong Deng,&nbsp;Zhen Jia,&nbsp;Peng Zhu,&nbsp;Youhou Xu,&nbsp;Zhicai She","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Na/K-ATPase is a carrier protein embedded in the cell membrane. The main function of this protein is to maintain osmotic pressure balance inside and outside the cell. To investigate the role of the <em>Na/K-ATPase</em> gene under high-salt stress in the Hong Kong oyster (<em>Crassostrea hongkongensis</em>), full-length cloning and expression analysis of Na/K-ATPase β subunit (<em>ChNa/K-ATPase-β</em>) were performed. Additionally, the gene function was verified using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. In this study, we obtained a 1230 bp sequence of the <em>ChNa/K-ATPase-β</em> gene, including a 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of 25 bp; a 3’ UTR of 263 bp; and an open reading frame of 942 bp, encoding a protein of 313 amino acids, with a molecular weight 35.452 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point 5.55. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of <em>ChNa/K-ATPase-β</em> in all tissues of Hong Kong oyster, with the highest relative expression level in the blood sinus, followed by the gills, and the lowest level of expression in the labial palps. Under hypersalinity stress (30 PSU), the expression levels of <em>ChNa/K-ATPase-β</em> in the gills significantly upregulated at 8 h, downregulated at 24 h, and showed no significant change between 48 and 120 h. RNAi-mediated knockdown of <em>ChNa/K-ATPase-β</em> led to a concomitant downregulation of <em>ChNa/K-ATPase-α</em> expression. After interfering with <em>ChNa/K-ATPase-β</em> for 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, the Na/K-ATPase activity in the gills significantly decreased. The survival rate of the RNAi group (75 %) was lower than that of the blank control and negative control groups, which proved that Na/K-ATPase dysfunction would seriously affect the resistance of oysters to high salt stress. These results indicate that <em>ChNa/K-ATPase-β</em> plays an important role in enhancing the salt stress resistance in the Hong Kong oyster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}