Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of antimicrobial properties of TroH2A-29 peptide from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)","authors":"Wajid Ali ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Zhuoyu Wang,&nbsp;Kai Yan,&nbsp;Yu Men,&nbsp;Zibin Li,&nbsp;Wenxiu Cai,&nbsp;Yan He,&nbsp;Jie Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, potent molecules that serve as a crucial first line of defense across a wide range of organisms, including fish. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of a novel peptide, spanning residues 52 to 80 of the full-length histone H2A protein, comprising a total of 29 amino acids. This peptide, designated as Histone H2A-29 (TroH2A-29), was derived from the golden pompano (<em>Trachinotus ovatus</em>) and evaluated for its activity against both Gram-positive bacteria, <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em> and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, and Gram-negative bacteria, <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> and <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>. The expression of <em>TroH2A</em> in the intestines, liver, and gills of <em>T. ovatus</em> was significantly upregulated after bacterial infections with <em>L. garvieae</em> and <em>V. harveyi</em>. The highest expression levels were observed at 48 h post-infection in the intestines and at different time points in the liver and gills. TroH2A-29 exhibited a high hydrophobic ratio (51 %) and formed an α-helical structure, suggesting its potential as an antimicrobial agent. Notably, TroH2A-29 induced significant agglutination of all four bacterial species in the presence of Ca²⁺. TroH2A-29 demonstrated bactericidal effects against <em>L. garvieae</em>, <em>V. harveyi</em>, and <em>V. alginolyticus</em>, with a MIC₅₀ of 60 μM. However, it showed no antibacterial activity against <em>S. epidermidis</em>. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that TroH2A-29 caused morphological damage to the bacterial cells, including cell collapse in <em>L. garvieae</em> and shrinkage in <em>V. alginolyticus</em> and <em>V. harveyi</em>. No morphological changes were observed in <em>S. epidermidis</em>. Membrane permeability assays showed that TroH2A-29 increased membrane disruption in <em>L. garvieae</em>, <em>V. harveyi</em>, and <em>V. alginolyticus</em>, but had little effect on <em>S. epidermidis</em>. Additionally, TroH2A-29 caused membrane depolarization in all tested bacterial strains. These findings highlight the potential of TroH2A-29 as a novel antimicrobial peptide with selective bactericidal properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological characterization of γδ T cells in cutaneous wound healing in Fraser's dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei)","authors":"Chen-Yi Su ,&nbsp;Tzu-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Hao-Ven Wang ,&nbsp;Michael W. Hughes ,&nbsp;Cheng-Ming Chuong ,&nbsp;Wei-Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cetaceans exhibit remarkable wound healing capabilities. However, the specific immune mechanisms underlying this process, particularly the role of γδ T cells, remains largely unexplored. In ruminants, pigs, and camelids, which are members of the order Cetartiodactyla alongside cetaceans, γδ T cells express a unique receptor called workshop cluster 1 (WC1). Despite cetaceans also belonging to this order, the presence of WC1 in their γδ T cells has not yet been reported. This study aims to investigate the distribution and potential function of γδ T cells in cetacean skin during homeostasis and wound healing. Using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining, we identified γδ TCR⁺ and WC1⁺ cells in dolphin skin for the first time. These cells are predominantly located in the dermis and blubber, with an increased presence in healing wounds, suggesting their involvement in wound healing rather than pathogen defense. Furthermore, our findings revealed that γδ TCR⁺ cells constitute a small fraction of CD3⁺MHCII⁺ cells in dolphin skin, indicating their intricate role in cetacean immunology. Additionally, the appearance of WC1⁺ cells in cetaceans highlights unique immunological features within Cetartiodactyla. Comparative analysis demonstrates that γδ T cells in dolphins exhibit distinctive morphological and distributional characteristics compared to those in humans, mice, and ruminants, implying species-specific adaptations. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of cetacean immunology and underscore the potential evolutionary adaptations that support their exceptional wound healing capabilities. Future research on the genomic and functional aspects of γδ T cells in cetaceans is essential to further elucidate their roles in immune response and wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon regulatory factor 2 of red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara): Insights into its transcriptional profiling, antiviral potential, and function in macrophage polarization","authors":"D.M.K.P. Sirisena ,&nbsp;Gaeun Kim ,&nbsp;W.A.D.L.R. Warnakula ,&nbsp;B.P.M. Vileka Jayamali ,&nbsp;E.M.T. Tharanga ,&nbsp;J.D.H.E. Jayasinghe ,&nbsp;R.I. Sandeepani ,&nbsp;Qiang Wan ,&nbsp;Hanchang Sohn ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) is a member of the IRF family that is specifically involved in diverse immune responses via interferon (IFN)/IRF-dependent signaling pathways. In this study, <em>IRF2</em> of <em>Epinephelus akaara</em> (<em>EAIRF2</em>) was identified and characterized by evaluating its structural and functional properties. <em>EAIRF2</em> showed the highest homology with <em>IRF2</em> of <em>Epinephelus coioides</em> and clustered with teleosts in the phylogenetic tree. The highest level of <em>EAIRF2</em> mRNA was found in the blood under normal physiological conditions. In the immune challenge experiment, significant transcriptional modulation of <em>EAIRF2</em> upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) challenge were observed. The subcellular localization assay confirmed the role of <em>EAIRF2</em> as a transcription factor by revealing its specific nuclear localization. To elucidate its functional implications in antiviral defense, <em>EAIRF2</em> was overexpressed in fathead minnow cells, which were subsequently infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Notably, cells overexpressing <em>EAIRF2</em> exhibited a significant reduction in the transcription of VHSV genes. Concurrently, the genes associated with the IFN/IRF signaling pathway were upregulated. Furthermore, the Hoechst and propidium iodide dual staining assay, water-soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay, and transcriptional analysis of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (<em>Bax</em>)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (<em>Bcl-2</em>) indicated that <em>EAIRF2</em> possesses anti-apoptotic properties during viral infection and poly I:C treatment. Additionally, <em>EAIRF2</em> overexpression in murine macrophages induced M1 polarization and augmented relative marker gene expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that <em>EAIRF2</em> is a pivotal immune-related gene, specifically implicated in the IFN/IRF-mediated antiviral defense mechanism, apoptotic signaling pathway, and activation of macrophage-mediated immune responses in <em>Epinephelus akaara</em>. The finding of this study enhances our understanding of IRF2's function in teleost immunity and presents potential avenues for developing therapeutic strategies against viral infections and other immune-related conditions in aquaculture species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oridonin inhibits SGIV infection by regulating glycolipid metabolism and inflammatory response","authors":"Yunxiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Leshan Ruan ,&nbsp;Jiatao Chen ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin ,&nbsp;Shina Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a significant infectious disease in the grouper aquaculture industry. Currently, there is no effective drug available to prevent or treat SGIV. Oridonin (Ori) is a naturally occurring compound derived from <em>Rabdosia rubescens</em>, exhibiting various biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this study, we examined the anti-SGIV activity of Ori and its potential mechanism of action <em>in vitro</em>. The study results indicate that Ori effectively inhibits SGIV infection at various concentrations. Further studies reveal that Ori inhibits the formation of lipid droplets induced by SGIV infection. Additionally, Ori suppresses the SGIV-induced up-regulation of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (SREBP1, ACC1, SCD1, FASN) and glycolysis-related genes (GLUT1, GLUT2, HK2, PDHX). The mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in regulating glycolipid metabolism. Our findings indicate that Ori suppresses the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR proteins. Further research revealed that the activation or inhibition of mTOR significantly impacts SGIV protein production and the expression of genes related to glycolipid metabolism. In addition, Ori effectively inhibits the up-regulation of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by SGIV infection. In conclusion, our experimental findings indicate that Ori effectively inhibits SGIV infection by regulating glycolipid metabolism through the AKT/mTOR pathway and by suppressing the inflammatory responses triggered by SGIV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HGF-HGFR-STAT signaling axis regulates haemocyte proliferation in oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Yuqing Zeng ,&nbsp;Xue Qiao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Jixiang Niu ,&nbsp;Simiao Yu ,&nbsp;Yiqing Wang ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a pleiotropic growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) involves in the division and growth of multifarious cells through binding hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). In the present study, a homologue of HGF (<em>Cg</em>HGF-like) and HGFR (<em>Cg</em>HGFR) with conserved domain features were identified in oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>. The mRNA transcripts of <em>Cg</em>HGF-like and <em>Cg</em>HGFR were detected in all tested tissues, and both showed the highest expression level in haemocytes. Their mRNA expression in haemocytes were significantly increased after <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> stimulation. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the positive signals of <em>Cg</em>HGF-like and <em>Cg</em>HGFR were mainly located in the cytoplasm and membrane of haemocytes, respectively. Recombinant protein <em>Cg</em>HGF-like and <em>Cg</em>HGFR-SEMA showed <em>in vitro</em> interaction by Bio-layer interferometry assay. In the <em>Cg</em>HGF-like-RNAi and <em>Cg</em>HGFR-RNAi oysters, the percent of haemocytes with EdU positive signals, as well as the mRNA expression levels of <em>Cg</em>GATA, <em>Cg</em>SCL and <em>Cg</em>RUNX all significantly down-regulated in haemocytes after <em>V</em>. <em>splendidus</em> stimulation. The positive signals of <em>Cg</em>STAT were observed in the haemocyte nucleus after <em>V. splendidus</em> stimulation, however, the nuclear translocation of <em>Cg</em>STAT was suppressed in <em>Cg</em>HGF-like-RNAi and <em>Cg</em>HGFR-RNAi oysters. These results collectively indicated that <em>Cg</em>HGF-like might interact with <em>Cg</em>HGFR to regulate haemocyte proliferation by activating <em>Cg</em>STAT during the immune response, suggesting its important roles in haemocyte proliferation of oyster <em>C. gigas</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoxin B4 and lipocalin play a crucial role in insect immune-priming induced by a gut microbial commensal","authors":"Shiva Haraji ,&nbsp;Niayesh Shahmohammadi ,&nbsp;Reza Talaei-Hassanloui ,&nbsp;Gahyeon Jin ,&nbsp;S.M. Ahsan ,&nbsp;Hee-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Hyong Woo Choi ,&nbsp;Yongho Jeon ,&nbsp;Minji Kwon ,&nbsp;Donghee Lee ,&nbsp;Yonggyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Host cabbage possesses an endophyte, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, which induced immune-priming of the diamondback moth, <em>Plutella xylostella</em>. In contrast, larvae raised under axenic conditions lost the chance to feed the bacteria and were highly susceptible to various pathogens. Addition of <em>B. subtilis</em> to axenic larvae significantly restored immune responses and enhanced survival rates following pathogen infections. The immune-priming factor(s) was determined among 18 <em>apolipoprotein D</em> (<em>ApoD</em>) genes identified as lipocalin candidates in <em>P. xylostella</em>, in which <em>ApoD1</em> expression was functionally linked with <em>B. subtilis-</em>induced immune-priming. In addition, lipoxins were analyzed in immune-primed larvae via LC-MS/MS, in which LXB₄ was detected, but not LXA₄. The LXB₄ titer was significantly higher than that that in the larvae reared under axenic conditions. Notably, LXB₄ alone sufficiently induced significant immune responses. To support lipoxin biosynthesis in insects, this study identified a lipoxygenase-like peroxidase gene, HemP2. Its expression was induced in the immune-primed larvae. However, its suppression prevented LXB₄ production under the immune-priming conditions. To explain the up-regulations of lipocalin/lipoxin by the gut commensal, Toll and IMD immune signaling pathways were analyzed. The up-regulation of <em>ApoD1</em> and <em>HemP2</em> expressions was mediated through the IMD, but not the Toll, immune signaling pathway in the larval gut of <em>P. xylostella</em> under <em>B. subtilis</em>-induced immune-priming conditions. This study highlights the potential role of commensal gut microbes including <em>B. subtilis</em> in driving immune-priming via an insect lipoxin-lipocalin complex through the IMD immune signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Antigen-Capture Enzyme-linked Immunoassay for Chicken Interleukin-34.","authors":"Hyoyoun Nam, Hyun S Lillehoj, Youngsub Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2025.105331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-34 (IL-34), a recently identified cytokine, is known to share similar functions with macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). However, its function and active regions in avian species have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we report the functional characterization and immunomodulatory properties of chicken IL-34 (chIL-34) using a panel of newly developed anti-chIL-34 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Five mAbs (3G11, 10A3, 11A7, 12A8, and 13C2) that specifically recognized recombinant chIL-34 protein were selected and characterized based on their binding activity toward recombinant chIL-34 protein via indirect ELISA and western blotting. A new chIL-34-specific antigen-capture sandwich ELISAs was developed using compatible mAb pairs (3G11 as the capture antibody and biotinylated-12A8 as the detection antibody) which have been identified through pairing assays. To validate the antigen-capture assay, we stimulated native chIL-34 production in the chicken HD11 macrophage cell line using three agonists, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), and Resquimod-848 (R-848) at varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/mL). The qRT-PCR confirmed that the significant expression of chIL-34 was induced by 2.0 μg/mL of LPS, which we selected as an agonist for further chIL-34 production in HD11 cell line. We further stimulated the HD11 cell line with 2.0 μg/mL LPS and monitored the resulting changes in chIL-34 production over time using a mAbs combination (12A8 and biotinylated-3G11). The IL-34 production peaked at 24 hours (h) post stimulation, followed by a decrease at 48 h. This pattern paralleled the expression of chIL-34 mRNA as detected by qRT-PCR. The changes in IL-34 levels in the serum of chickens infected with Eimeria maxima (E. maxima) and Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), measured using a combination of 12A8 and biotinylated-3G11, showed different patterns. Compared to uninfected chickens, IL-34 levels in E. maxima-infected chickens increased starting from 1-day post-infection (dpi), peaked between 3 and 5 dpi, and then rapidly decreased by 7 dpi, falling below the levels observed at 1 dpi. In contrast, IL-34 levels in E. tenella-infected chickens increased from 3 dpi and steadily rose at 5 and 7 dpi. All newly produced mAbs (3G11, 10A3, 11A7, 12A8, and 13C2) specific for chIL-34 effectively neutralized the function of IL-34, as measured by cell proliferation assays and IL-10 expression using qRT-PCR analysis. These new anti-chIL-34 mAbs and the antigen-capture ELISA will be valuable tools for both fundamental and applied research in avian immunology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":" ","pages":"105331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type I interferon (IFNd) enhanced the innate immune response and lipid droplets (LDs) formation in obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus","authors":"Nan Cui ,&nbsp;Tianying Lei ,&nbsp;Lanyue Liang ,&nbsp;Shan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xingkun Jin ,&nbsp;Yan Shi ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Song","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one member of type I IFN, IFNd showed huge distinctive responses and activity during the viral or bacterial infection in various fish species. Our previous study identified IFNd from obscure puffer <em>Takifugu obscurus (ToIFNd)</em>, and the function and regulation of <em>ToIFNd</em> was further investigated in the present study. The transcriptional levels of <em>ToIFNd</em> were significantly induced post bacteria <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> and virus simulator Poly (I:C) stimulation in the head kidney. In addition, recombinant <em>To</em>IFNd (r<em>To</em>IFNd) treatment enhanced the expressions of numerous interferon stimulated genes (ISGs, such as <em>Mx1</em>, <em>PKR1</em>, and <em>PKR2</em>) and several immune effectors (such as <em>Il1</em>, <em>faslg</em>, and <em>tnf14</em>) both in the <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments. The expression patterns of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) post r<em>To</em>IFNd stimulation suggesting that <em>IRF3</em>, <em>7</em>, and <em>8</em> showed strong response and might play critical role during the <em>To</em>IFNd mediated signal transduction. Remarkably, we firstly found that r<em>To</em>IFNd stimulation promoted lipid droplets (LDs) formation in liver, which was further confirmed by the increased number of LDs by TEM, up-regulated expressions of LDs marker PLIN3, as well as the transcripts of genes involved in the transport and synthesis of neutral lipids. These results corroborate the antibacterial and antiviral function of <em>To</em>IFNd in obscure puffer, and revealed that <em>To</em>IFNd might play immune regulatory role by medicating LDs formation, which will contribute to explore the functional characteristics of IFN system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"tgfβ1a/vegfa gene expression and methylation in response to acute hypoxia in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Xiaohui Li,&nbsp;Binghua Liu,&nbsp;Guangling Li,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Haishen Wen,&nbsp;Feng He","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physiological response and molecular mechanism of the immune response of Japanese flounder under hypoxia stress remain unclear. In this study, we examined the immune-related physiological indexes and the molecular mechanisms of Japanese flounders under acute hypoxia stress. The results showed that the levels of serum ALT, ALP, AST and LDH in hypoxia stress group were significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Through quantitative real-time PCR and double in situ hybridization, we found acute hypoxia stress induced immune response of skeletal muscle and gill filaments. The transcriptional regulation mechanism of this immune signaling pathway was investigated by dual luciferase assay. In addition, DNA methylation levels of genes were detected to explore epigenetic modifications of this pathway. As a transcription factor, Foxo1a can interact <em>tgfβ1a</em>(AGATGTTTTTT) and <em>vegfa</em>(TTCTTTTTATA, TACTGTTGCTA) sequences of the promoter regions. The DNA methylation levels of <em>tgfβ1a</em> and <em>vegfa</em> genes were significantly affected by hypoxia and negatively correlated with their expression. These experiments showed that the expression of immune related genes <em>tgfβ1a</em> and <em>vegfa</em> were regulated by transcription factor Foxo1a and DNA methylation. Our study provides theoretical foundations for acute hypoxia stress induced immune response of Japanese flounder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematological deterioration of Hematodinium-infected decapod crustaceans","authors":"Ellie-Ann Conneely,&nbsp;Christopher J. Coates","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasitic dinoflagellates, namely <em>Hematodinium</em> spp., infect a growing number of decapod crustacean species worldwide. These parasites represent a longstanding concern for fisheries in Europe and North America, and an emerging concern for aqua/polyculture systems in Asia. Known as bitter/pink/milky crab disease or post-moult syndrome, <em>Hematodinium</em> spp. infection can be fatal, yet there are no treatments or disease management strategies. We interrogated the available literature to enhance knowledge of <em>Hematodinium</em>-crustacean pathosystems, specifically haemolymph condition during parasitaemia. In this context, we sought to determine if there were invariant biomarkers (biochemical, cellular) in the haemolymph. Using meta-analytic approaches, we scrutinised published data and gathered 191 effect sizes from 17 original studies (out of &gt;1790) that met strict inclusion criteria covering established haematological properties like phenoloxidase activity, and ran a series of generalised linear mixed models. Additional models were constructed to consider the putative links between environmental variables (water temperature, salinity), host traits (sex, size), and parasite burden. Overall, depleted haemocyte numbers (e.g., hyaline cells) and protein levels (e.g., haemocyanin) coincided with patent <em>Hematodinium</em> presence in crabs and langoustine. Crustaceans were more likely to have severe burdens of <em>Hematodinium</em> when external salinity levels exceeded 30 psu, and potentially immune-compromised ≥20<strong>°C</strong>. <em>Hematodinium</em>-driven hypoproteinemia and hematocytopenia were more pronounced in wild-caught animals than those infected in laboratory trials, thereby emphasizing the need to secure data in natural settings. This is the first meta-analytic study to present clear evidence in support of broad haematological deterioration in crustaceans parasitised by <em>Hematodinium</em> spp., and environmental factors linked to immunopathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 105307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}