Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Lamprey TFE3 exhibits evolutionarily conserved activation mechanisms and regulates autophagy and immune responses.","authors":"Jilong Pan, Xinping Li, Qipeng Zhang, Jiarui Li, Daiyun Zhang, Xiaoyu Ni, Pengcheng Li, Tie Song Li, Hao Wang, Yan Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2025.105480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family belongs to the basic group of helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-ZIP)-containing transcription factors. Although MiT/TFE family members, especially TFEB and TFE3, have been extensively studied in higher vertebrates, little is known about their roles in basal vertebrates such as lampreys. Here, we show that lamprey TFE3 and TFEC retain conserved structural features, including key domains, motifs, and serine residues, consistent with the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Expression profiling revealed that lamprey TFE3 is broadly expressed across tissues, with the highest level in the heart. Treatment with Torin1 induced nuclear translocation of TFE3, indicative of its activation. Torin1 also led to a time-dependent increase in TFE3 expression, and upregulation of downstream target genes associated with autophagy, stress responses, and inflammation. Furthermore, we observed elevated LC3-II levels and reduced p62 expression following Torin1 treatment, indicating that activated lamprey TFE3 enhances autophagic activity. Notably, TFE3 activation also promoted cholesterol mobilization and efflux, as evidenced by decreased Bodipy fluorescence intensity and upregulated expression of ABCA1. In vivo stimulation with LPS or poly (I:C) induced significant changes in Lj-TFE3 expression, indicating that lamprey TFE3 is responsive to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and may participate in immune stress responses. Together, these findings demonstrate that lamprey TFE3 exhibits conserved structural and functional features and plays a key role in immune and metabolic regulation, providing important evolutionary insights into the MiT/TFE transcription factor family in early vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":" ","pages":"105480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against porcine caspase-7.","authors":"Chenyi Guo, Lanjie Yu, Shuangshuang Zhang, Yongsheng Cao, Wenlong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cysteine-aspartic proteases (Caspases) play a central role in programmed cell death (PCD). Caspase-7 is an effector caspase involved in the execution phase of apoptosis and pyroptosis. Determining the expression and activation of caspase-7 is often an essential experiment in studies on PCD. Currently, commercially available antibodies specific to human and mouse caspase-7 have facilitated research on PCD in these species. A specific antibody against porcine caspase-7 (pcaspase-7) is needed, as PCD has been closely linked to porcine diseases. In this study, a recombinant pcaspase-7 protein (rpcaspase-7) with cysteine replaced by alanine at the 186 position was prokaryotically expressed and purified. This recombinant protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice to generate pcaspase-7-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The prepared 7-4E1-F4-D2-E1 mAb targets the 90-100 amino acid (aa) oligopeptide (TDKDAEALFKC) of pcaspase-7, while the mAbs 7-3F1-E2-H2-D6, 7-3F1-E2-H2-D1, 7-4E5-C11-C9-B5, and 7-4E5-C11-C9-F11 target the 45-55 aa oligopeptide (GSSVKIPRDRE). All prepared mAbs can discriminate pcaspase-7 from pcaspase-1, -3, -8, and -13. The mAbs targeting the 45-55 aa oligopeptide can also distinguish pcaspase-7 from human, hamster, and bovine caspase-7. The 7-4E1-F4-D2-E1 mAb recognizes pcaspase-7 in Western blot assays but not in immunofluorescence assays. These mAbs can be used to purify prokaryotically expressed pcaspase-7 via immunoprecipitation and to detect pcaspase-7 activation in virus-infected porcine cells. Thus, they represent valuable tools for future structural and functional studies of pcaspase-7. Additionally, this study demonstrated that pcaspase-7 can cleave porcine GSDMD, revealing a previously unrecognized function of pcaspase-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":" ","pages":"105485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Host and Pathogen Gene Targets for RNAi Therapeutics in Shrimp Disease Mitigation.","authors":"Maria Violeta R Tare, Debrah Jannsen D J N Almazan, Krisha Marie D L Saquilayan, Patricia Jhoanna V Glori, Jim Troy Solitario, Mary Beth B Maningas","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2025.105482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful therapeutic and research tool in shrimp aquaculture, with its significant potential for disease mitigation. This review explores the strategic targeting of essential genes-either from the host gene or the pathogen-as a basis for RNAi-based therapies in shrimp. Targeting host genes, especially those involved in immune responses, can lead to increased protective effects but also poses risks of lethality if essential physiological pathways are disrupted. Conversely, silencing pathogen genes offers pathogen-specific intervention, though with limitations in broad-spectrum applicability and potential off-target effects. This paper further discusses multi-variant RNAi approaches that target both host and pathogen genes, highlighting their potential in achieving greater protective effects. Also included is a review of Bioinformatics and AI applications in RNAi, and the possibilities it may offer for gene silencing in shrimp. Current evidence suggests that targeting host immune-related genes may yield higher survival outcomes, but a tailored, case-by-case approach remains important. Ultimately, the choice of target depends on a nuanced understanding of host-pathogen interactions. The findings underscore the need for continued research to optimize RNAi strategies for sustainable shrimp disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":" ","pages":"105482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-lethal heat shock enhances the immune response of Procambarus clarkii hemocytes to Vibrio parahaemolyticus through the HSP90 gene family.","authors":"Shirui Yue, Xiuhong Cai, Zhangxuan Chen, Yuyan Gong, Yuqing Liu, Bao Wang, Yewen Xi, Shunchang Wang, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2025.105484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research focuses on Procambarus clarkii and systematically explores the mechanism of action of the HSP90 gene family when responding to non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. We have identified four members of the HSP90 gene family. The characteristics of the proteins encoded by these genes are significantly different, which implies functional divergence. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the structure of HSP90 proteins exhibits both conservatism and diversity, indicating functional divergence among family members. The genes are unevenly distributed across chromosomes and there are no tandem repeat genes. HSP90 genes are differentially expressed in tissues, with high expression in hemocytes indicating immune involvement. After NLHS, the expression of some genes increased dramatically and reached the peak after injection with V. parahaemolyticus. However, for some other genes, their expression did not change significantly, indicating that they may be involved in different types of regulation. Protein interaction and co-expression analyses revealed HSP90 proteins interact with innate immune proteins and collaborate with TLR pathway members. DsRNA silencing of HSP90 downregulates key TLR molecules (TLR2, TRAF6, IRAK4, MyD88) at different time points, confirming their functional immune association. This indicates HSP90 genes play a key role in anti-pathogen mechanisms. The study provides molecular markers for breeding stress-resistant P. clarkii and theoretical support for crustacean stress biology research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":" ","pages":"105484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunometabolic characteristics in liver of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) following Edwardsiella tarda 1l-4 infection by multiomics analyses.","authors":"Ting Luo, Ruo-Xing Yu, Qin-Yang He, Zi-Rou Zhong, Zhuang-Wen Mao, Ming-Zhu Huang, Jie Peng, Yao-Hui Li, Zi-Le Qin, Xu-Ying Kuang, Zi-Xuan Fang, Jian Li, Sheng-Wei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2025.105479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edwardsiella tarda, a facultative intracellular pathogen, can compromise the health of farmed fish. Nevertheless, the immunometabolic features of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) after E. tarda 1l-4 infection remains largely understudied. In this investigation, severe tissue injury and aberrant glycogen storage were detected in liver of red crucian carps infected with E. tarda 1l-4, along with the dramatic decline of antioxidant defense. Multiomics approaches indicated that MAPK signaling pathway may assume a dominant role in immunometabolic regulation in red crucian carp. MAPK dysregulation may affect cell cycle and DNA replication, while also disrupting carbon metabolism, amino acid homeostasis and glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, with methylsuccinic acid (MSA) identified as pivotal metabolic indicator. This findings may deepen our understanding of E. tarda-induced immunometabolic responses in red crucian carps and provide practical references for edwardsiellosis management in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":" ","pages":"105479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing probiotic properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis in Cornu aspersum animal model","authors":"Kalodoti Avgousti ,&nbsp;Esmeralda Dushku ,&nbsp;Anna Spyropoulou ,&nbsp;Charalampos Kotzamanidis ,&nbsp;Alexandra Staikou ,&nbsp;Minas Yiangou","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the probiotic potential, immunomodulatory capacity, and safety of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> strains isolated from the intestinal tract of the edible terrestrial snail <em>Cornu aspersum maxima</em>. Although host-microbe interactions are well studied in vertebrates, such research remains limited in invertebrates, particularly snails. To address this gap, 12 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated and screened for tolerance to the defense mechanisms of snails and probiotic-associated traits, followed by machine learning (ML) predictions of immunomodulatory potential. According to results, 10 strains exhibited high tolerance to the external and internal defense mechanisms of snails (pedal and gastric mucus, gastric juices, low gut pH) in association with increased autoaggregation and hydrophobicity values and were predicted to have 100 % probability of eliciting immunomodulatory activity <em>in vivo</em>. Five strains, the <em>L. plantarum</em> Spp1 and Spp11 and <em>E. faecalis</em> Spp3, Spp8, Spp19, were selected for <em>in vivo</em> evaluation. Strain-specific immune responses were observed, with some strains mainly induced cellular immune responses, such as chemotaxis and phagocytic activity of hemocytes, while others also induced humoral responses. However, safety evaluations revealed that certain <em>E. faecalis</em> strains exhibited antimicrobial resistance or induced inflammatory reactions. Only two strains, the <em>L. plantarum</em> Spp11 and <em>E. faecalis</em> Spp19, were validated as safe and effective immunomodulatory probiotics <em>in vivo</em>. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the functionality of probiotic <em>Lactiplantibacillus</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> strains in snails. These findings advance our understanding of snail-microbe symbiosis, particularly in the context of host-probiotic interactions, and support the use of <em>C. aspersum</em> as a valuable invertebrate model for probiotic research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine IFI44L inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) replication by activating IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway","authors":"Lilan Xie ,&nbsp;Haichuan Li ,&nbsp;Qing Guo ,&nbsp;Yaoming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon-Induced protein 44-Like (IFI44L), a member of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) family, plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, particularly in antiviral defense and immune regulation. However, the role of human IFI44L in viral replication remains controversial. To further characterize porcine IFI44L (poIFI44L), we cloned <em>poIFI44L</em> for the first time and investigated its role in porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) replication. The full-length <em>poIFI44L</em> cDNA encodes a 439-amino acid protein, containing an N-terminal TLDc domain and a C-terminal Ras-like GTPase domain. Sequence similarity to orthologs from mouse, hamster, rat, ferret, dog, rabbit, cat, horse, human, monkey, cattle and camel ranged from 48.6 % to 70.2 %. <em>poIFI44L</em> expression was dose-dependently upregulated in PK-15 cells by both poly (I:C) and interferon-alpha (IFNα-2a) treatments. Furthermore, TGEV infection significantly induced <em>poIFI44L</em> expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of <em>poIFI44L in vitro</em> resulted in significantly reduced TGEV <em>N</em> gene mRNA levels, N protein expression, and viral titers in a dose-dependent manner, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of <em>poIFI44L</em> enhanced viral replication. Mechanistically, <em>poIFI44L</em> upregulated IFN-β and ISRE promoter activities and upregulated the production of <em>IFN-β</em> and downstream ISGs (<em>ISG56</em> and <em>ISG60</em>). Collectively, our data suggest that poIFI44L acts as an innate immune effector that suppresses TGEV by activating the IFN-β/ISGs signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentraxin family members of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Cloning, characterization and expression responses to LPS, Poly (I:C) and Nocardia seriolae.","authors":"Yawen Yang, Yushuai Xie, Zhaosheng Sun, Zihan Zhang, Chuanguo Cai, Zhitao Qi, Qian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2025.105475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pentraxins (PTXs) are highly conserved soluble pattern recognition molecules, and play important roles in the innate immunity and autoimmune diseases. In present study, ten PTXs including CRP1, SAP, NPTX1-like, NPTX2a, NPTX2b, NPTXR-like, NPTXRb, PTX3a, PTX3-like and PTX4 were identified from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). These PTXs exhibited high sequence identities with their counterparts of other fish species, and contained conserved motifs and structures of the PTX family, except of PTX3-like. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these largemouth bass PTXs were closely clustered with their counterparts of other fish species, confirming the correctness of the obtained sequences. Realtime qPCR analysis showed that these PTX genes were widely expressed in all examined tissues, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Poly (I:C), and Nocardia seriolae stimulation significantly induced their expressions in head kidney (HK), spleen, gill, and intestine. These results demonstrated the crucial roles of PTXs members in the immune response of largemouth bass against pathogen invasion. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first identification of NPTX1, NPTX2b, NPTXRa, NPTXRb, and PTX4 in fish species, as well as the initial documentation of PTXs in largemouth bass.</p>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":" ","pages":"105475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ring Finger protein 34 negatively regulates MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy)","authors":"Wenjing Dong ,&nbsp;Tianjun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuena Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innate immunity constitutes a fundamental defense mechanism in host immunity, wherein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) functions as the central adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, orchestrating teleost innate immune responses the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of E3 ligase RNF34 (Ring Finger Protein 34) in this signaling cascade, we employed miiuy croaker (<em>Miichthys miiuy</em>) as a model organism and conducted a series of experiments. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that RNF34 exerted dose- and time-dependent inhibition on the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. This inhibitory effect persisted under LPS stimulation, confirming RNF34's stable regulatory function. Western blot analysis further revealed that RNF34 negatively regulated MyD88 protein expression, and this regulatory effect was significantly enhanced under LPS stimulation. Mechanistic investigations showed that cycloheximide (CHX) chase assays indicated RNF34 significantly shortened MyD88 protein half-life; treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 completely reversed RNF34-mediated MyD88 degradation; and ubiquitination assays demonstrated that RNF34 substantially enhanced MyD88 ubiquitination levels. These findings collectively indicate that RNF34 promotes MyD88 ubiquitination, leading to its proteasomal degradation and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. This study enriches the understanding of RNF34 as a negative immune regulator in miiuy croaker, providing evidence for the regulatory mechanism of the NF-κB signaling pathway in teleosts and offering insights into the precise maintenance of immune homeostasis in teleost fishes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of microRNA expression profiles in Takifugu obscurus kidney following Vibrio harveyi challenge","authors":"Rui Shen,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Qian-Hui Yuan,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao,&nbsp;Ying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs critical for post-transcriptional gene regulation, serve as key immune modulators in vertebrates. However, their roles in teleost disease resistance remain underexplored. In the present study, a comprehensive miRNA transcriptome analysis was conducted in <em>Takifugu obscurus</em> under <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> challenge using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Three miRNA libraries (ToCG, ToEG1, and ToEG2) were constructed from kidney tissues of <em>T</em>. <em>obscurus</em> collected at 0 h (non-infected control), 6 h, and 24 h post-infection. Bioinformatics analysis identified 1093 miRNAs, including 195 novel miRNAs, and revealed 175 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) across infection timepoints. Validation experiments via quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the expression patterns of 16 randomly selected DEmiRNAs, demonstrating high consistency with sequencing data. Functional enrichment analysis of DEmiRNAs highlighted significant associations with immune regulatory pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Forkhead box O signaling, erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog signaling, and endocytosis pathways. Notably, several DEmiRNAs exhibited temporal expression patterns, suggesting stage-specific immunoregulatory functions during bacterial pathogenesis. This study suggests a potential miRNA regulatory network in <em>T. obscurus</em> during <em>V. harveyi</em> infection, providing crucial insights into conserved and species-specific miRNA-mediated immune mechanisms in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}