Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Protective mechanisms of baicalein against white spot syndrome virus in Procambarus clarkii: Insights from intestinal microbiota and hepatopancreatic antioxidant system","authors":"Hucheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yiyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianru Fan ,&nbsp;Yanhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Yawen Yu ,&nbsp;Yanming Sui ,&nbsp;Hui Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) severely threatens the sustainable cultivation of <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> and causes substantial economic losses. To develop safe strategies for controlling WSSV, the present study evaluated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of baicalein in WSSV-infected <em>P. clarkii</em>. <em>P. clarkii</em> were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: Control (C), Baicalein immersion (B), WSSV infected (W), and WSSV infected plus Baicalein immersion (WB) for a 14-day experimental period. Intestinal microbiota, intestinal histopathology, and hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzyme activities were analyzed to evaluate baicalein's protective effects. WSSV infection exerted severe adverse effects on <em>P. clarkii</em>: the survival rate significantly decreased to 64.89%, intestinal microbiota composition was perturbed with decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and increased Bacteroidota, pathogenic taxa such as <em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>Vibrio</em> proliferated, intestinal epithelial exfoliation occurred, and hepatopancreatic antioxidant function was impaired with reduced GPX/CAT activities and elevated MDA content. Notably, 2.5 mg/L baicalein immersion mitigated these WSSV-induced adverse effects: the survival rate increased to 73.33%, intestinal microbiota composition was restored with increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidota, pathogenic taxa such as <em>Bacteroides</em> were inhibited, intestinal damage was alleviated, and hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity was partially enhanced by targeting the T-SOD and GSH pathways, whereas GPX and CAT activities remained unaffected. Collectively, baicalein protects <em>P. clarkii</em> against WSSV through a \"microbiota-immune-antioxidant axis\" synergistic mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery and classification of new reptile cathelicidins by genome mining: study of their structure and genomic organization in Testudines and Squamata","authors":"Andrea Otazo-Pérez ,&nbsp;Manuel R. López ,&nbsp;Sergio González-Acosta ,&nbsp;Antonio Morales-delaNuez ,&nbsp;José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cathelicidins, a diverse family of host defence peptides (HDPs) in vertebrates, are recognized for their potential in combating resistant microorganisms and their varied biological functions. While extensive studies have focused on mammalian cathelicidins, those in reptiles remain largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted a genome mining analysis that identified 287 cathelicidin genes across reptilian orders Testudines and Squamata. Of these genes, we identified 219 complete cathelicidin protein sequences and 68 cathelicidin-like gene copies that appear to be pseudogenes or gene fragments lacking intact open reading frames. We established for the first time a classification for reptile cathelicidins of the cited orders based on their sequence and structure, observing six types for Testudines and six for Squamata, suggesting a common ancestral lineage. Furthermore, we investigated the genomic arrangement of these cathelicidin genes, uncovering that they are grouped into clusters with variability in the gene number and in their organization. Cathelicidin derived mature peptides were classified into nine groups based on their sequences and physicochemical properties. This comprehensive study enhances the understanding of the cathelicidin family in reptiles, clarifying their genomic organization and describing the different types present. These classifications pave the way for future studies on the functions and specialization of each identified cathelicidin group. Moreover, they enable potential structure-activity studies of the peptides, establishing a foundation for differentiating their key features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of IRF1 in positive feedback of type I IFN transcription to combat Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) infection in teleost fish","authors":"Li Li ,&nbsp;Kai Lun Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Xue Yun Peng ,&nbsp;Lan Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Shan Nan Chen ,&nbsp;Pin Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play essential roles in virus-induced immune activation and IFN production, and IRF1 is involved in regulating diverse physiological processes, such as antiviral response; however, the molecular mechanism underlying its antiviral activity remains incompletely understood particularly in lower vertebrates such as teleost fish. In this study, IRF1 was found markedly upregulated following SCRV and type I IFN stimulation in MFF-1 cells. Ectopic expression of IRF1 robustly activated the transcription of type I IFNs, essential genes in IFN signaling pathways, and multiple IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). This activation conferred strong antiviral protection, attenuating SCRV-induced cytopathic effects, reducing viral titers, and suppressing viral gene expression, including SCRV N, P, G, M, and L. Furthermore, dual-Luciferase reporter assay showed that promoters of type I IFNs, ISRE, Mx and IFP35 can all be induced following IRF1 overexpression. Taken together, IRF1 was found to initiate directly the intracellular innate immune transcription of type I IFNs, which is then amplified intercellularly through type I IFN and IRF3-mediated secretory pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early innate immune response to highly pathogenic avian influenza and functional characterisation of the chicken IRF1 promoter","authors":"Aaron J. Smith ,&nbsp;Sudip Dhakal ,&nbsp;Arjun Challagulla ,&nbsp;Kiran Krishnankutty Nair ,&nbsp;Emiliana Weiss ,&nbsp;Kristie Jenkins ,&nbsp;James W. Wynne","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus outbreaks in poultry farming impose a substantial economic burden and present a significant threat to animal welfare, with the H5N1 subtype representing a potential candidate for a future pandemic strain. Advancing the current understanding of the host immune response and viral dynamics following HPAI H5N1 infection is critical for improving prevention and treatment strategies. Using the chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cell line, this study aimed to investigate the initial cell-intrinsic innate immune response and corresponding viral transcription following challenge with HPAI H5N1 through RNA sequencing. Significant enrichment of genes associated with interferon signalling and the p53 pathway was observed at four and 8 h post infection, with sustained upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (chIRF1) observed throughout the time course. Leveraging this finding, the proximal promoter region of chIRF1 was functionally characterised to investigate its transcriptional regulation following exposure to viral stimuli. Motif-based analysis identified putative regulatory elements within the −200 bp proximal promoter region, including an NF-κB binding motif, an gamma interferon-activated site (GAS), a CCAAT box, and several GC boxes. Luciferase reporter assays employing 5’ deletion constructs and targeted disruption of the GAS element demonstrated that this motif is required for full induction of the chIRF1 promoter in response to poly(I:C) stimulation and HPAI H5N1infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression profiling and functional investigation of peroxiredoxin 2 in Chub mackerel: Multifunctional roles in oxidative stress regulation, apoptosis, and immune modulation","authors":"D.M.U.M. Dissanayake ,&nbsp;W.K.M. Omeka ,&nbsp;B.P.M. Vileka Jayamali ,&nbsp;H.M.V. Udayantha ,&nbsp;W.A.D.L.R. Warnakula ,&nbsp;W.P.S.N. Wijeweera ,&nbsp;U.P.E. Arachchi ,&nbsp;Arthika Kalaichelvan ,&nbsp;Sumi Jung ,&nbsp;Qiang Wan ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 2, belonging to the Prdx superfamily, is a pivotal enzyme and a key antioxidant that maintains cellular homeostasis by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in living organisms. This study aimed to define the antioxidant and immune-related properties of the Prdx2 derived from <em>Scomber japonicus</em> (<em>SjPrdx2</em>). The molecular features of SjPrdx2 were characterized using <em>in silico</em> tools. The transcriptional responses of <em>SjPrdx2</em> and its functional features were determined under immune-stimulating conditions; functional features were investigated using <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> approaches. The coding sequence of <em>SjPrdx2</em> consists of 612 nucleotides, which encode a protein with 203 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 22.5 kDa. In the SjPrdx2 protein, the Prdx domain serves as the main functional domain, along with the “GGLG” and “FF” signature motifs. Under normal physiological conditions, <em>SjPrdx2</em> expression was found to be highest in the heart, followed by the brain, blood, and spleen. The relative expression of <em>SjPrdx2</em> was significantly up-regulated in the immune tissues following various immune stimuli, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, and <em>Streptococcus iniae</em>. Additionally, the recombinant SjPrdx2 protein showed insulin disulfide reduction and radical-scavenging activity. <em>In vitro</em> functional assays demonstrated that H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress activated the ROS-scavenging function of SjPrdx2 and enhanced its apoptosis-inhibiting capacity<em>.</em> Additionally, <em>SjPrdx2</em> overexpression promoted M2 polarization and suppressed nitric oxide production in LPS-treated RAW macrophage cells. Altogether, the findings of this study underscore the multifaceted contributions of <em>SjPrdx2</em> to the active functioning of Chub mackerel, emphasizing its pivotal role in combating oxidative stress and fortifying immune functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of gut microbiome in Litopenaeus vannamei artificially infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing translucent post-larva disease","authors":"Bingxin Shi ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Jia ,&nbsp;Yu Tao ,&nbsp;Mengqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the primary defense against pathogen invasion, the dynamic equilibrium of the shrimp gut microbiome is recognized as a critical factor influencing pathogen colonization. In recent years, translucent post-larva disease (TPD) outbreaks during the early stages of shrimp farming have become a serious threat to the sustainable development of the shrimp industry. Compared with other vibriosis, TPD caused by certain <em>Vibrio</em> strains possessing drug resistance and high-virulence genes exhibits greater virulence in shrimp tissues, with mortality rates reaching up to 90%. However, no studies have yet explored the association between this pathogen and the gut microbiome. This study employed metagenomic sequencing technology to analyze differences in the axial distribution of the gut microbiome in shrimp at varying degrees of TPD infection. Histopathological sections revealed that multiple tissue lesions induced by TPD infection in shrimp were primarily concentrated in the midgut. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that the alpha diversity index of the shrimp gut microbiome showed an upward trend as pathogen load increased. Beta diversity analysis revealed the intestinal segment with the most significant microbial community changes during pathogen colonization. Within this region, the abundance of probiotics decreased, while that of pathogenic bacteria increased. Functional prediction results indicate that under TPD stress, the gut microbiome activates a multi-layered, synergistic defense adaptation program through nutritional metabolism shifts, biofilm reinforcement, and toxin efflux. This study elucidates the pathogenic mechanism of TPD from the perspective of pathogen-gut microbiome interactions, suggesting that controlling pathogen load and restoring targeted probiotics may serve as effective strategies for preventing and controlling TPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goldfish (Carassius auratus) leukocyte immune-type receptor (CaLITR) specific polyclonal antibodies identify cells co-expressing two stimulatory CaLITRs in goldfish kidney and skin","authors":"Samuel Amoah,&nbsp;Aoxue Li,&nbsp;James L. Stafford","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leukocyte immune-type receptors (LITRs) are a diverse group of teleost immunoregulatory receptor types that share structural and phylogenetic relationships with mammalian Fc receptor-like (FcRL) proteins. Most information regarding teleost LITRs has been derived from transcriptional analyses and functional characterization experiments using recombinant overexpression studies in mammalian cell lines, with little data available on the qualitative and spatial distribution of CaLITR-positive leukocytes within goldfish immune tissues. This study investigated the cellular and tissue expression patterns of two putative stimulatory LITR-types in goldfish (<em>Carassius auratus</em>), termed CaLITR3.0 and CaLITR6.1, using newly developed antibodies targeting unique epitopes in the D1 domains of the receptors. We established immunohistochemistry protocols for identifying and examining the distribution and relative types of putative stimulatory CaLITR3.0 and CaLITR6.1-positive leukocytes. Specifically, using the validated epitope-specific polyclonal antibodies, we show that both receptors are predominantly expressed by leukocytes located within the immune cell-rich regions of the goldfish kidney. In the skin, a key mucosal barrier, CaLITR-expressing leukocytes were found in the dermis and hypodermis. Notably, CaLITR6.1+ cells were enriched in proximal dermal regions, whereas CaLITR3.0+ and dual-LITR positive cells were distributed along pigmented zones in distal dermis and surrounding hypodermal adipocytes. These findings reveal a preferential immunoreactivity of both pAbs for putative CaLITR-bearing leukocytes within both immune and mucosal barrier tissues and further highlight the utility of these antibodies as reagents for identifying and tracking CaLITR + leukocytes in goldfish tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of TRADD in GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Youchuan Wei ,&nbsp;Honglian Tan ,&nbsp;Jiashu Li ,&nbsp;Longxi Dai ,&nbsp;Guixiang Tong ,&nbsp;Tiejun Wu ,&nbsp;Xinxian Wei ,&nbsp;Zhitao Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) is a crucial adaptor in the TNF signaling pathway. The role of fish TRADD remains less understood, compared with that of mammals. In the present study, TRADD of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) was characterized. The GIFT TRADD encoded a putative protein of 291 amino acids, containing an N-terminal domain and C-terminal death domain. qPCR analysis revealed that GIFT TRADD was ubiquitously expressed in all selected tissues and upregulated in spleen following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C) stimulation and tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection. Overexpression of GIFT TRADD significantly inhibited expression of TiLV-S10 in TiLV infected tilapia brain (TiB) cells, and increased the expressions of melanoma di-erentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), Mx1, NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 in TiB cells. These results indicated that GIFT TRADD had antiviral and immunomodulatory roles, providing basis for understanding the TNF signaling pathway in GIFT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of extracellular vesicles from primary skin epithelial cells and cell lines from Atlantic salmon","authors":"Dhivya Borra Thiyagarajan ,&nbsp;Marie K. Mikkelborg ,&nbsp;Igor Kraev ,&nbsp;Roy Ambli Dalmo ,&nbsp;Sigrun Lange","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicle (EV) research in fish, particularly in aquaculture-relevant species, is gaining momentum, with interest in biomarker development, while the availability of <em>in vitro</em> tools to study EV-mediated cellular communication in fish is limited, particularly with respect to primary cell lines. As salmon represents one of the most valuable fish species in global aquaculture, identifying robust biomarkers for fish health monitoring is a high priority. This study introduces a novel <em>in vitro</em> model for EV research in salmon, utilising primary and immune relevant cell lines to closely mimic <em>in vivo</em> conditions. EVs were profiled from primary scale derived keratocyte cells (SKC), in addition to EVs from previously established salmon cell lines (ASK and SSP-9 from salmon head kidney). EV size profiles were identified overall in the 50–450 nm range, with some differences between the cell lines. EV protein cargoes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS alongside associated pathway enrichment, providing insights for roles of EVs in cell-type-specific communication, including immune responses. Notably, the SKC-derived EVs revealed proteins and pathways associated with wound healing, keratinization, and immune defense, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. Additionally, shared pathways identified in EVs from all cell lines, included the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and ubiquitination, offering new perspectives into EV-mediated signaling in fish. Our <em>in-vitro</em> model system may provide a translational platform to develope EVs as robust biomarkers of fish health, with potential applications in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Molecular characterization and expression analysis of four toll-like receptors genes: TLR3, TLR4, TLR5M and TLR18 in Spinibarbu hollandi under Aeromonas veronii infection” [Develop. Comparat. Immunol. 174 (2026) 105543]","authors":"Jiangwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenwei Huang ,&nbsp;Weicheng Yang ,&nbsp;Sixun Li ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wu ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihang Xie ,&nbsp;Lilin Zhan ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Jianrong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}