Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"An integrated investigation of major environmental stressors on the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Lulu Han ,&nbsp;Jinyu Yang ,&nbsp;Peiyu Yan ,&nbsp;Mengqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia, nitrite and sulfide are major environmental stressors in aquaculture. They can injury tissue structure, interfere with the immune system, impair growth and development, and make aquatic animals more vulnerable to infections. In the present study, four groups were set up as Control group (no treatment), Ammonia group (30 mg/L ammonia-N), Nitrite group (60 mg/L nitrite-N) and Sulfide group (4 mg/L sulfide), so as to examine the effects of different environmental stressors on histopathology, immune indices and transcriptome of <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. After 48 h stimulation, the results showed that all the three environmental stressors caused damage to the hepatopancreas, midgut, muscle and gill tissues of the shrimp, and that the hepatopancreas and midgut were the most seriously damaged and the muscle was the least affected. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity decreased in all the three treatment groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity decreased significantly in Sulfide group and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity increased significantly in Ammonia and Nitrite groups. In the hepatopancreas of the Ammonia, Nitrite, and Sulfide groups, transcriptome analysis revealed 709, 715 and 289 differential expressed gene (DEGs), respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment demonstrated that the three environmental stressors had an impact on the shrimp's immune response, metabolic processes, growth and development. The combination of histopathology, immune indicators, and transcriptome yielded that the Nitrite group had the most serious impact on the shrimp, followed by Ammonia group, while Sulfide group had the least impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of two immunoglobulin light chain types and expression of immunoglobulin diversity in Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)","authors":"Xiangyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuzhu Sun ,&nbsp;Huyang Bao ,&nbsp;Zhanjun Ren ,&nbsp;Shuhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lacking research on immunoglobulins in the Chinese giant salamanders (<em>Andrias davidianus</em>) has left their populations vulnerable to pathogen infections, contributing to a sharp decline in their numbers. In this study, we employed the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique along with paired-end 300 bp read length (PE300) sequencing. This approach was used to construct a DNA library, which enabled us to investigate the diversity of immunoglobulin gene expression. Through this approach, we identified structural features of immunoglobulin light chains. Our results revealed the presence of Ig<em>λ</em> and Ig<em>σ</em>. Similar to other vertebrates, the immunoglobulin light chains of Chinese giant salamanders are composed of variable (V) and constant (C) domains connected by recombination activating gene (RAG) mediated V-J (joining) recombination. This canonical gene organization allows combinatorial diversity through rearrangement of multiple V and J gene segments. The <em>IgLC</em> features FPPS and FYP motifs, showing high similarity to both mammalian <em>IgLC</em> sequences and the <em>IgLC</em> of the Chinese Alligator <em>(Alligator sinensis)</em>. The <em>IgSC,</em> characterized by SSYL structures, showed strong homology with fish and amphibian <em>IgSC</em> sequences, notably the axolotl <em>(Ambystoma mexicanum) IgSC</em>. Both the <em>IgLV</em> and <em>IgSV</em> sequences exhibit a YYCXX fold in the last five residues of framework region 3 (FR3). FR3 is a critical framework region within the V domain that anchors the antigen binding complementarity determining regions. Notably, the FPPS/FYP motifs in <em>Igλ</em> and SSYL motifs in <em>Igσ</em> exhibited evolutionary conservation patterns consistent with those in other vertebrates. In terms of gene expression diversity, the <em>IgH</em> is composed of 7 <em>IgHV</em>, 7 <em>IgHD</em>, and 6 <em>IgHJ</em> subgroups, while the <em>Igλ</em> consists of 10 <em>IgLV</em> and 7 <em>IgLJ</em> subgroups, and the <em>Igσ</em> comprises 5 <em>IgSV</em> and 7 <em>IgSJ</em> subgroups. Dominant <em>IgH</em> combinations are <em>IgHV4-IgHD3-IgHJ4</em> and <em>IgHV4-IgHD2-IgHJ4</em>. The <em>Igλ</em> shows high usage of <em>IgLV8</em>, <em>IgLV3</em>, <em>IgLJ7</em>, and <em>IgLJ3</em>, while the <em>Igσ</em> is predominantly characterized by <em>IgSV3-IgSJ3</em>. Notably, Cys utilization in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) region was extremely low, suggesting that gene conversion plays a significant role in immune adaptation. This research enriches the immune genetic map of the Chinese giant salamanders and enhances our understanding of immunoglobulin evolution in tetrapods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a target polypeptide of the CD169 receptor of bovine macrophage using a phage display peptide library","authors":"Chunyu Tong ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhelin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yimin Liang,&nbsp;Wenzhi Feng,&nbsp;Honghao Yu,&nbsp;Di Lan,&nbsp;Qianyi Liu,&nbsp;Bocui Song","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CD169, a salivary acid adhesion receptor on macrophages, plays a crucial role in enhancing the phagocytic response to pathogenic bacteria and in antibacterial immunity. To explore its potential in targeted veterinary drug applications, we used phage display technology to biopan peptide fragments specific to CD169. After several rounds of screening, 45 phage clones were selected for ELISA testing, resulting in 21 high-affinity clones. DNA sequencing revealed that 65 % of the peptides shared a common amino acid sequence (APRL∗∗∗HHH). A 12-amino acid peptide, CD169-T1, was synthesized with rhodamine B labeling at the N-terminal to assess its targeting capability. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that CD169-T1 specifically binds to HEK293T cells expressing bovine CD169 and murine macrophages, showing red fluorescence at the cell membrane. Moreover, the fluorescent marker of CD169-T1 was detected in the flow cytometry test results, thus confirming that the CD169-T1 has a significant targeting effect. The CD169-T1 obtained in this study can serve as the targeted part of the immune preparations to prevent and treat a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria, thus significantly facilitating the antigen presentation and increasing the utilization rate and the immune protection effect. Furthermore, this study provides a reference for the targeted research on CD169.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of different scuticociliates from an infected olive flounder (Pararlichthys olivaceus) farm in South Korea","authors":"Junewoo Park ,&nbsp;Kyun-Woo Lee ,&nbsp;Yeun Park ,&nbsp;Jeong Hyeon Yeo ,&nbsp;Jae-Ho Jung ,&nbsp;Hye-Min Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasitic diseases are considered to be a major problem in olive flounder (<em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>) farms in South Korea, with scuticociliate infections being especially problematic due to their year-round occurrence and difficulty in control. In this study, we collected scuticociliates from flounder showing typical symptoms of scuticociliasis, such as ulcers, hemorrhages, and necrosis, at farms in Busan and Jeju, South Korea. Four species of scuticociliates were identified: <em>Mesanophrys carcini</em>, <em>Miamiensis avidus</em>, <em>Paralembus digitiformis</em>, and <em>Pseudocohnilembus persalinus</em>, the <em>M. carcini</em> and <em>P. digitiformis</em> being recorded for the first time in this study. Pathogenicity tests on healthy and wounded fish revealed that <em>M. avidus</em> was highly lethal, while the other species had minimal effects on healthy fish. However, <em>P. digitiformis</em> and <em>P. persalinus</em> impeded wound healing and showed high infection rates in wounded fish without causing high mortality. These two species also triggered early up-regulation of stress-related genes, such as complement C3, followed by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the olive flounder. These findings emphasize the varied pathogenicity depending on scuticociliate species and suggest that, in addition to the known scuticociliates such as <em>M. avidus</em>, other potential parasites may pose significant risks to olive flounder farms in South Korea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional regulation of two alternative splicing isoforms of the Uhrf2 gene in Miichthys miiuy","authors":"Xiangxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenxin Li ,&nbsp;Tongtong Zhu ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiang Luo ,&nbsp;Tianjun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuena Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative splicing can produce a variety of splicing isoforms to increase protein diversity, participate in the regulation of gene expression and the occurrence and development of diseases, and thus play an important role in innate immunity. Ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 2 (Uhrf2) protein is associated with cell proliferation, inflammation, tumors, and cancer, and is currently the focus of medical immunology research, but there is little research on alternative splicing of the Uhrf2 gene. In this study, we identified two different splicing isoforms of Uhrf2 in <em>Miichthys miiuy</em> through Sanger sequencing, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR, subcellular localization experiments, and named them Uhrf2-α and Uhrf2-β. Subcellular localization experiments found that Uhrf2-α was mainly located in the nucleus, while Uhrf2-β was mainly located in the cytoplasm. Although their localization was different, both could significantly inhibit the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, and effectively inhibit the levels of inflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that Uhrf2-α and Uhrf2-β play important negative regulatory roles in innate immune responses in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene family of Trachinotus ovatus and expression analysis in response to Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptocaryon irritans","authors":"Tian-Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin-Min Pan ,&nbsp;Hua-Yang Guo ,&nbsp;Bao-Suo Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke-Cheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Teng-Fei Zhu ,&nbsp;Lin Xian ,&nbsp;Jia-Mei Zhou ,&nbsp;Dian-Chang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Matrix metalloproteinases (<em>MMPs</em>) represent a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade various protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These enzymes play a role in multiple biological and pathological processes, including tissue remodeling, growth, trauma repair, defense mechanism, and immune response. However, their role in immune response in <em>Trachinotus ovatus</em> is still unclear. This research involves a comprehensive genome-wide identification of <em>MMP</em>s in <em>T. ovatus(ToMMPs)</em>. We discovered 15 <em>ToMMP</em>s, examining their chromosomal locations, features, evolutionary connections, and signs of purifying selection. In the immune response to <em>Streptococcus agalactiae, MMP30</em> plays a crucial role in liver-specific immune responses or tissue remodeling, <em>MMP14b</em> and MMP9 are significantly involved in the functions of the spleen and head kidney, <em>MMP2</em> is essential for reproductive processes. In the <em>Cryptocaryon irritans</em> infection, most of the ToMMPs were related to the host's immune response. These findings offer important insights for future studies on the immune functions of <em>MMP</em>s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional regulation of three alternative splicing isoforms of the Ythdc2 gene in Miichthys miiuy","authors":"Tongtong Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenxin Li ,&nbsp;Xiangxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Tianjun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuena Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative splicing is an important process in the post-transcriptional processing of mRNA. Different alternative splicing isoforms of the same gene may encode proteins with different structures and functions.Ythdc2 gene is a kind of ATPase with RNA helicase activity, and its YTH domain can recognize and bind RNA molecules containing m⁶A methylation site, thus playing a regulatory role. Many studies have shown that the Ythdc2 gene is important in tumorigenesis and non-neoplastic diseases. However, there were few studies on the alternative splicing events of the Ythdc2 gene. Therefore, this study identified three alternative splicing isoforms of the Ythdc2 gene in <em>Miichthys miiuy</em>. We named them Ythdc2-α, Ythdc2-β, and Ythdc2-γ. The results showed that only Ythdc2-α had a YTH domain, and the other two alternative splicing isoforms Ythdc2-β and Ythdc2-γ lacked the YTH domain. Under the stimulation of LPS, the expression levels of three alternative splicing isoforms showed an upward trend. Moreover, these three alternative splicing isoforms might have had different regulatory effects on the expression of inflammatory factors, which could negatively regulate the innate immune response and inhibit the NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways, providing new evidence for the role of Ythdc2 in fish innate immune response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of PINK1 (Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1) and Parkin (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)","authors":"Chenchen Bian,&nbsp;Mingkui Wei,&nbsp;Xiaolong Luo,&nbsp;Jian Sun,&nbsp;Hong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Parkin) emerged as mediators of mitophagy and regulators of the immune response in mammals. However, their gene characterizations and roles remain poorly understood in fish. Herein, we identified and characterized <em>pink1</em> and <em>parkin</em> genes and studied their involvement in immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in <em>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</em> kidney (CIK) cells. Bioinformatic analysis found that PINK1 and Parkin were relatively conservative during evolution. In CIK cells, LPS significantly increased the mRNA expression of the transcription factor <em>nf-κb</em> and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines, such as <em>tnfα</em>, <em>il-6</em> and <em>il-1β</em>, along with the activation of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, inhibition of mitophagy aggravated LPS-induced inflammation in CIK cells. Overall, our findings suggest that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy may play a protective role in LPS-induced inflammation in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 105349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution and functional characterization of transcription factors E2Fs in lamprey, Lethenteron reissneri","authors":"Xinyu Du ,&nbsp;Lin Lin ,&nbsp;Yongcheng Yu ,&nbsp;Ning Yang ,&nbsp;Si Gao ,&nbsp;Jinyang Guo ,&nbsp;Lingling Fang ,&nbsp;Peng Su","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The E2 promoter binding factors (E2Fs) are a group of transcriptional regulators that govern the cell cycle and play crucial roles in various cellular physiological processes, including proliferation and embryonic development. In this study, we identified four homologous genes—<em>Lr-E2F3</em>, <em>Lr-E2F4</em>, <em>Lr-E2F5</em>, and <em>Lr-E2F8</em>—from the lamprey (<em>Lethenteron reissneri</em>) genome database. Phylogenetic tree analysis was conducted to elucidate the evolutionary relationships within the <em>E2F</em> family across different species. Furthermore, analyses of motifs, domains, gene structures, and 3D structures reinforced the conservation of the <em>E2F</em> family. Notably, synteny analysis revealed that the neighboring genes of the <em>Lr-E2Fs</em> exhibited greater diversity compared to those in jawed vertebrates. Activity assays indicated that Lr-E2Fs may be involved in lamprey innate immunity mediated by NF-кB. Additionally, morphological observations of embryos microinjected with Cas9/sgRNA demonstrated that E2F-deficient lamprey embryos displayed embryonic lethality, suggesting that Lr-E2Fs play a significant role in lamprey embryonic development. In summary, our research not only provides new insights into the evolution of Lr-E2Fs but also offers valuable clues regarding their functional roles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 105348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types and structural analysis of interferons from four kinds of sturgeon","authors":"Simei Hu ,&nbsp;Guangyi Ding ,&nbsp;Shuo Yang ,&nbsp;Xincheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Shuhuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Huizhi Guo ,&nbsp;Qiaoqing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferons (IFNs) play a significant role in the immune regulation of vertebrates, and three types (IFN-I, IFN-II, and IFN-IV) have been identified in bony fish. This study investigated the IFN genes in <em>Acipenser sinensis</em>, <em>Acipenser ruthenus</em>, and <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus</em> from the Acipenseridae, as well as in <em>Polyodon spathula</em> from the Polyodontidae. Using a series of bioinformatics methods, three IFN-I subgroups were identified: IFNb, IFNe, and IFNf. A conserved structure of scn4a/IFN-I/arhgap27 was found in the IFN-I gene cluster, and the IFN-I genes were tandemly arranged on the chromosomes in a 4C–2C pattern. Notably, unlike other bony fish, the sturgeon IFNf lacked the third cysteine residue, allowing for the formation of only one S-S bridge. Furthermore, IFN-II (IFNγ) and IFN-IV (IFNυ) were also identified in sturgeon, with IFN-IV being identified for the first time in sturgeon. Phylogenetic tree and sequence analyses revealed a high degree of homology among IFN genes across different families within the Acipenseriformes, suggesting that these genes have remained evolutionarily conserved. The systematic identification of sturgeon IFNs has provided resources for future studies on the antiviral immune response in sturgeon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 105350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}