Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Neuroanatomical profiling of the rainbow trout brain parenchyma and meninges reveals specialized immune niches and region-specific hubs for bacterial immune surveillance","authors":"Amir Mani,&nbsp;Narmin Musayeva,&nbsp;Irene Salinas","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have described immune responses in the teleost brain and meninges during infection, however, fundamental studies that systematically dissect how different regions of the brain maintain immune homeostasis in teleosts are missing. Here we present an in-depth investigation of the immune status of the brain parenchyma and meninges of juvenile rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) at the steady state. We dissected four parenchymal brain regions including olfactory bulbs (OB), telencephalon (Tel), optic tectum (OT) and cerebellum (Cer) and its corresponding dorsal meninges. Gene expression analyses revealed higher expression of all studied immune gene markers in the meninges compared to the adjacent parenchymal areas. In the parenchyma, <em>il1b, tnfa, ighd, ighm, ight, c3ra, icam1</em>, and <em>vcam1</em> expression were highest in the OB compared to other regions. Interestingly, <em>il6</em> and <em>il10</em> expression was lowest in the OB and higher in the posterior brain. <em>Nod2a</em> and <em>nod2b</em> expression levels were highest in the OT, a finding that was confirmed <em>by in situ</em> hybridization. <em>cd45 in situ</em> hybridization revealed that most of the cd45^high (immune cells) in the brain are located at the borders of the brain parenchyma (glia limitans superficialis). The present study demonstrates the presence of regional differences in the brain immune system of rainbow trout at homeostasis and identifies previously unknown hubs poised for specialized detection of microbial products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary and molecular characterization of fish specific decoy receptor 3 isoforms (TNFRSF6B.1 and 2) in rock bream (Oplegnathus fascatus)","authors":"Sungjae Ko,&nbsp;Suhee Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TNFRSF6B, commonly referred to as decoy receptor 3, interacts with TNFSF6, TNFSF14, and TNFSF15, thereby imparting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study identifies two isoforms, TNFRSF6B.1 and TNFRSF6B.2, in rock bream (RB) and explores their evolutionary and molecular attributes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the teleost isoforms TNFRSF6B.1 and TNFRSF6B.2 have diverged from ancestral forms of TNFRSF6B and TNFRSF11B. Notably, the coelacanth TNFRSF6B is positioned phylogenetically closer to frogs, while TNFRSF6B.2 branches off from TNFRSF11B. Synteny analysis reveals that the TNFRSF6B isoforms in rainbow trout are situated within the conserved mammalian TNFRSF6B locus, whereas the teleost TNFRSF6B.1 and TNFRSF6B.2 genes are located within the conserved TNFRSF11B locus. However, the amino acid sequences of TNFRSF6B.1 and TNFRSF6B.2 exhibit greater similarity to TNFRSF6B than to TNFRSF11B, with homology percentages of 33.92 % and 36.31 % for TNFRSF6B, and 27.94 % and 29.98 % for TNFRSF11B, respectively. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction analyses demonstrate associations with typical ligands of TNFRSF6B, including TNFSF14, TNFSF6, TNFSF5, and TNFSF15. Tertiary structure modeling of receptor-ligand interactions has also identified conserved TNFSF15-binding residues in both TNFRSF6B.1 and TNFRSF6B.2. In healthy rock bream, TNFRSF6B.1 expression is predominantly observed in gill and body kidney, while TNFRSF6B.2 expression is highest in fin, followed by skin and gill. <em>In vitro,</em> experiment reveals that TNFRSF6B.1 expression is significantly upregulated by calcium ionophores at 4 and 8 h, as well as by LPS at 8 or 12 h. Conversely, TNFRSF6B.2 exhibits a more pronounced response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin at 4 or 12 h compared to TNFRSF6B.1. Both isoforms are upregulated in response to recombinant RB-TNFSF15 protein (RB-rTNFSF15). <em>In vivo</em>, expression levels of these genes are not significantly altered by RB-rTNFSF15 in head kidney, spleen, and blood, but are significantly upregulated in liver. In gill, RB-TNFRSF6B.1 expression is upregulated, whereas RB-TNFRSF6B.2 expression is downregulated. These findings suggest that TNFRSF6B.1 and TNFRSF6B.2 play roles in inflammatory responses and mucosal immunity, particularly in relation to TNFSF15, akin to mechanisms observed in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclin G regulates hemocyte proliferation and antimicrobial peptide expression in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Ying Xie ,&nbsp;Guangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xinke Ran ,&nbsp;Chaohui Xu ,&nbsp;Yixi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qun Wang ,&nbsp;Youting Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammalian cyclins G1 and G2 function in DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. In contrast, <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> possesses a single cyclin G essential for development and negatively regulating cell growth. However, the functions of cyclin G in crustaceans remain undefined. Here, we characterize Cyclin G (<em>EsCycG</em>) in the Chinese mitten crab (<em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>). <em>EsCycG</em> features a 1440-bp open reading frame encoding a 479-amino acid polypeptide, containing a 94-residue cyclin domain and seven low-complexity segments. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that invertebrate cyclin G forms a distinct clade separate from vertebrates. <em>EsCycG</em> expression, low in unchallenged hemocytes, increased rapidly in hemocytes following <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> infection. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated that <em>EsCycG</em> expression knockdown inhibited hemocyte proliferation upon <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> challenge. Furthermore, <em>EsCycG</em> knockdown suppressed the infection-induced expression of antimicrobial peptides, including anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (<em>ALF1</em>, <em>ALF2</em>, <em>ALF3</em>) and lysozyme (<em>Lys</em>), in hemocytes. <em>In vivo</em>, <em>EsCycG</em> knockdown impaired bacterial clearance capacity, increasing susceptibility to infection and mortality. Thus, <em>Es</em>CycG positively regulates hemocyte proliferation and antimicrobial peptide expression, protecting against bacterial infection. These findings demonstrate the functional plasticity of the evolutionarily conserved cyclin gene family and provide novel insights for anti-infective strategies targeting cell cycle-immune crosstalk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from spleen of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) and its application in pathogens susceptibility","authors":"Cao-Ying Wei ,&nbsp;Ming-Zhu Cai ,&nbsp;Jin-Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen-Jie Cao ,&nbsp;Ying Wu ,&nbsp;Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Jing-Qun Ao ,&nbsp;Yong-Can Zhou ,&nbsp;Yun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The humpback grouper (<em>Cromileptes altivelis</em>) is a marine fish of significant commercial value and has been identified as a potential candidate for marine aquaculture. In this research, a cell line named as CAS cells was developed from the spleen tissue of the humpback grouper. This cell line has been successfully passaged for over 100 passages, with most cells exhibiting a fibroblast-like morphology. After being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for three months, the survival rate of the cells was over 80 %. The sequencing of the <em>COI</em> and <em>18S</em> rRNA genes has verified that the cell line is sourced from the humpback grouper. The CAS cells exhibited vigorous proliferation in L-15 medium supplemented with 20 % FBS at 26 °C. Chromosomal analysis indicated that the CAS cells possess a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 48. Furthermore, the expression of the GFP reporter gene in CAS cells was successfully demonstrated. Toxicity assays indicated that <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> exhibited greater toxicity to CAS cells compared to <em>Photobacterium damselae</em>. <em>P. damselae</em> exhibited marked host cell surface adherence and induced apoptotic morphology. Moreover, experiments on viral susceptibility showed that CAS cells were sensitive to ISKNV-HN and NNV, as evidenced by cytopathic effects and viral protein production within the cells, along with an increase in the expression of immune-related genes. Consequently, our research confirms that this cell line is appropriate for <em>in vitro</em> genetic modification and represents a significant resource for virus isolation and the investigation of pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative multi-transcriptomic analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under distinct pathogen infections","authors":"Gyoungsik Kang,&nbsp;HyeongJin Roh","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atlantic salmon is among the most widely farmed species globally. The large-scale cultivation of salmon inevitably results in the emergence of diverse diseases, highlighting the critical need to investigate host-pathogen interaction. While numerous transcriptomic analyses have been reported for infected Atlantic salmon, there is a notable lack of comprehensive studies directly comparing transcriptomic responses across different pathogens. Furthermore, differences in bioinformatic methodologies among individual studies present challenges for integrating immunological characteristics in response to various pathogen types. In this research, we performed a comparative multi-transcriptomic analysis utilizing 82 publicly available head kidney transcriptomes from Atlantic salmon that were independently infected with <em>Piscirickettsia salmonis</em>, infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV), or exposed to amoebic gill disease (AGD) in separate experimental settings. Despite inherent batch effects, transcriptome signatures were consistently correlated with specific pathogen types. In particular, infections with major pathogens (<em>P. salmonis</em>, POMV, ISAV, and AGD) triggered distinct pathogen-specific transcriptomic responses. <em>P. salmonis</em> was characterized by the unique activation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling and associated cell signaling pathways. Although POMV and ISAV are classified within the same viral family, their activated biological pathways demonstrated considerable disparity. For instance, POMV infection led to activation of proteasome activity and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways, whereas ISAV infection predominantly downregulated numerous biological processes. AGD infection was marked by a pronounced upregulation of metabolic-related pathways relative to overall immune responses. This indicates that AGD infection substantially influences the host's metabolic pathways, potentially affecting health status and disease susceptibility. The comparative multi-transcriptomic analysis conducted here thus advances our understanding of immunological responses and host-pathogen interactions in Atlantic salmon by elucidating unique patterns of transcriptomic expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EcSnx27 facilitates in vitro release of Singapore grouper iridovirus and interacts with its major capsid protein","authors":"Zhiwen Zhao ,&nbsp;Jia Cai ,&nbsp;Shaowen Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Liang ,&nbsp;Chanxia Qin ,&nbsp;Cailin Wu ,&nbsp;Linmiao Li ,&nbsp;Ying-an Zang ,&nbsp;Yepin Yu ,&nbsp;Jinping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sorting nexin 27 (Snx27), a member of the sorting nexin (SNX) family, plays crucial roles in cell signaling, organelle motility, protein sorting and membrane remodeling/trafficking. While existing studies have focused on the functions of SNXs in mammalian viral diseases and immune regulation, little is known about fish-encoded SNXs, particularly their regulatory roles in aquatic virus infection. In this study, we characterized the Snx27 from the orange-spotted grouper (<em>Epinephelus coioides</em>) and found that it facilitates the <em>in vitro</em> release of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), as evidenced by the detection of viable virions in the culture supernatants of SGIV-infected grouper spleen (GS) cells. Notably, EcSnx27 had no impact on SGIV replication. Furthermore, IP-MS data revealed an interaction between EcSnx27 and the major capsid protein (MCP) of SGIV, which was further validated using Co-IP, molecular docking and yeast two-hybrid assays. These results suggest that the increased number of viral particles in the supernatant may be mediated by the Snx27-related pathway. Overall, our study demonstrates that EcSnx27 promotes viral release and interacts with SGIV-MCP. These findings significantly advance to our understanding of the roles of fish SNXs in the innate immune response and the process of viral release during iridovirus infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular delineation, immune modulation analysis, and antioxidant functional assessment of catalase (CAT) from chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)","authors":"M.A.H. Dilshan ,&nbsp;W.K.M. Omeka ,&nbsp;H.M.V. Udayantha ,&nbsp;D.S. Liyanage ,&nbsp;D.C.G. Rodrigo ,&nbsp;G.A.N.P. Ganepola ,&nbsp;H.P.U.M. Harishchandra ,&nbsp;H.A.C.R. Hanchapola ,&nbsp;Y.K. Kodagoda ,&nbsp;Jeongeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jihun Lee ,&nbsp;Taehyug Jeong ,&nbsp;Qiang Wan ,&nbsp;Gaeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals (^.OH⁻), superoxide anions (^.O₂⁻), peroxides (^.O₂²⁻), and nitrogen radicals (NO), are derivatives of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Catalase (CAT) is an immunologically important antioxidant enzyme that regulates host redox homeostasis by disintegrating cellular H₂O₂ into water and oxygen. The identified CAT homolog sequence from <em>Scomber japonicus</em> (SjCAT) comprised 1584 bp, encoding 527 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 59.99 kDa, and an isoelectric point of 7.69. <em>In silico</em> analysis revealed that the <em>SjCAT</em> sequence exhibited the highest evolutionary identity (96 %) and similarity (97.9 %) with the <em>Thunnus maccoyii</em> ortholog. The <em>CAT</em> orthologs possessed a highly conserved characteristic active site signature motif, and a heme-binding ligand, consistent with findings among teleost fish and other identified vertebrate counterparts. The highest tissue-specific <em>SjCAT</em> mRNA expression was observed in blood, followed by the brain, heart, muscle, and liver. Furthermore, significant modulation of <em>SjCAT</em> expression was observed in the blood and spleen after treatment with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acids, lipopolysaccharide, <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, and <em>Streptococcus iniae</em> immunostimulants. The antioxidant activity of the recombinant SjCAT protein was determined by analyzing its activity under varying pH and temperature, and its H₂O₂ radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, cell-based assays demonstrated that SjCAT provides multiple protective effects, including enhancing cell viability, suppressing apoptosis under H₂O₂ stress, scavenging NO, and reducing metal cation-induced ROS production. These findings confirmed its antioxidant function and highlight its potential to support immune cell survival during oxidative stress associated with immune responses. Overall, these results suggest that SjCAT plays vital antioxidant and immunological roles, contributing to the survival of chub mackerel in redox-unstable environments and during pathogenic challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in hemocytes regeneration of aquatic invertebrates: Mechanisms and implications","authors":"Siyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhan ,&nbsp;Chui-Li Zeng ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematopoiesis is the process responsible for the generation of blood cells in both the circulation and tissues. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and defending against infections in animals. Although hematopoiesis is a common feature among animals with a circulatory system, the specific mechanisms involved in hematopoietic events vary significantly among invertebrates. Our understanding of this process in invertebrates is largely based on studies conducted on species used as developmental models, with limited research having been conducted on aquatic invertebrates. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the hematopoietic lineage in aquatic invertebrates, particularly within the groups of Crustacea, Mollusca, and Echinodermata, which hold potential economic and medical significance. Hemocytes are primarily produced in hematopoietic tissues and subsequently released into the circulation, where they undergo final maturation. We discuss the application of various markers used for hemocyte classification, with a particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoiesis, including transcriptional regulation and humoral factors such as cytokines, growth factors, and signaling pathways. These insights contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of hematopoiesis in aquatic invertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide on humoral immunity and gene expression of splenic lymphocytes in chicks","authors":"BingXin Wang ,&nbsp;XiaoRan Wang ,&nbsp;XiaoXiao Li ,&nbsp;YingYue Zhu ,&nbsp;QingFu Meng ,&nbsp;ZhaoYan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yujie Guo ,&nbsp;Yadong Tian ,&nbsp;Ruirui Jiang ,&nbsp;Guirong Sun ,&nbsp;Ruili Han ,&nbsp;Xiangtao Kang ,&nbsp;ChengJun Mei ,&nbsp;FengBin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Pseudostellaria heterophylla Polysaccharide (PHP) on humoral immunity and spleen lymphocyte gene expression in chicks. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Gushi chicks were randomly allocated into three groups: Group A was fed the basic diet without vaccination; Group B received the basic diet and underwent immunization; Group C was provided with the basic diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg PHP, coupled with immunization. Samples were collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days. Compared to Group A, Group B showed significantly higher specific antibody titers following the second immunization, along with increased spleen and bursa indices at day 35, and elevated serum levels of IgG, C3, and IL-4. Compared with Group B, Group C demonstrated higher specific antibody titers after the first immunization, enhanced immune organ indices at day 35, and increased serum concentrations of IgG, C3, IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ when compared to Group B. Additionally, gene expression analyses revealed upregulation of key immune-related genes (IFN-γ, CD40, CD80, CD86) in the spleen and (IL-4, IFN-γ, CD40, CD86) in the bursa (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Transcriptome analysis of spleen lymphocytes at 35 days identified 627 differentially expressed genes between Groups B and C, enriched in pathways related to Th17 differentiation and Toll-like receptor signaling, with EGR-1 and CD40LG identified as critical genes. These findings suggest that PHP enhances humoral immunity by promoting antibody production, increasing immune organ indices, elevating serum factors, and modulating related gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCV-2 vaccination modifies the cytokine serum profile in wild boar (Sus scrofa) coinfected with tuberculosis and PCV-2","authors":"Rocío Holgado-Martín ,&nbsp;David Risco ,&nbsp;Alfonso Ramos ,&nbsp;Remigio Martínez-Pérez ,&nbsp;Waldo Luis García-Jiménez ,&nbsp;José Manuel Benítez-Medina ,&nbsp;Javier Hermoso-De Mendoza ,&nbsp;Luis Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal tuberculosis (TB) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) coinfections have been associated to the development of severe patterns of tuberculous lesions. These coinfections are frequently observed in wild boar, considered the main wild reservoir of TB in Spain. The vaccination of wild boar with a single dose of PCV-2 vaccine has been associated with less severity of lesions. However, the underlying immune mechanisms affecting these animals remain scarcely known. The aim of this study was to determine whether PCV-2 vaccination alters cytokine concentrations in the serum of wild boars naturally coinfected with TB and PCV-2. Serum samples were collected from hunted wild boar in game estates where part of the population had been previously vaccinated against PCV-2. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured using the MILLIPLEX MAP multiplex assay, and the results were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results suggest significant differences in the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18 cytokines between PCV-2-vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals, with lower levels observed in the vaccinated group. IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18 are pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in Th1 response. Exacerbated inflammatory responses can result in more severe lesional patterns. Therefore, the reduced levels of these cytokines observed in PCV-2-vaccinated animals could be associated with the presence of less severe tuberculous lesional patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}