Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of a novel chicken γδ TCR-specific marker","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chickens are a species with a high number of γδ T cells in various tissues. Despite their abundance, γδ T cells are poorly characterized in chickens, partially due to a lack of specific reagents to characterize these cells. Up until now, the TCR1 clone has been the only γδ T cell-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) in chickens and additional reagents for γδ T cell subsets are needed. In order to address this issue, new mAb were generated in our laboratory by immunizing mice with <em>in vitro</em> cultured γδ T cells. In an initial flow cytometric screen a new mAb, clone “8D2”, displayed an interesting staining pattern that mirrored γδ TCR up- and downregulation in the γδ T cell line D4 over time, prompting us to characterize this antibody further. We compared the expression of the unknown 8D2 epitope in combination with TCR1 staining across various primary cells. In splenocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, 8D2 consistently labeled a subset of TCR1⁺ cells. To determine, whether specific γδ T cell receptors were recognized by 8D2, we sorted γδ T cells according to their 8D2 and TCR1 expression and analyzed their TCR V(D)J gene usage by TCR profiling. Strikingly, sorted 8D2⁺ cells preferentially expressed Vγ3 genes, whereas the TCR Vγ genes used by TCR1⁺ 8D2^- cells were more variable. γδ TCR in 8D2⁺ cells were most frequently comprised of gamma chain VJ genes TRGV3-8 and TRGJ3, and delta chain VDJ genes TRDV1-2, TRDD2, TRDJ1. To confirm binding of 8D2 to specific γδ TCR, the preferentially utilized combination of TRG and TRD was expressed in HEK293 cells in combination with CD3, demonstrating surface binding of the 8D2 mAb to this Vγ3 γδ TCR-expressing cell line. Conversely, HEK293 cells expressing either Vγ1 or Vγ2 TCR did not react with 8D2. In conclusion, 8D2 is a novel tool for identifying specific Vγ3 bearing γδ T cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145305X24001228/pdfft?md5=a69b229c9846deca8c39ad870a388c55&pid=1-s2.0-S0145305X24001228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish IL-26 collaborates with IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 to enhance gut mucosal barrier during the antibacterial innate immunity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>IL-26 is a cytokine that is crucial for the maintenance and function of the gut mucosal barrier. IL-26 signaling pathway relies on a heterodimeric receptor complex, which is composed of two distinct subunits, IL-10R2 and IL-20R1. However, there are no reports on the antibacterial immunity of IL-26 and its receptors in fish. For this purpose, in this study we identified IL-26 and its receptors IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 in <em>Carassius cuvieri</em> × <em>Carassius auratus</em> red var. (named WR-IL-26, WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the conservation of these genes, with shared structural motifs similar to those found in higher vertebrates. Upon exposure to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, a common fish pathogen, there was a significant upregulation of <em>WR-IL-26</em>, <em>WR-IL10R2</em> and <em>WR-IL20R1</em> in the gut, indicating a potential role in the immune response to infection. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that WR-IL-26 formed complexes with WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1. <em>In vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that administration of WR-IL-26 activated the JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway and protected the gut mucosa barrier from <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection. Conversely, silencing WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1 via RNA interference significantly attenuated the activation of WR-IL-26-mediated JAK1-STAT3 pathway. These results provided new insights into the role of IL-26 and its receptors in the gut mucosa barrier and could offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yorkie negatively regulates the Crustin expression during molting in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molting is a key biological process of crustaceans, which is mainly regulated by 20-hydroxyecdyone (20E). The molting cycle could be divided into three main stages including pre-molt, post-molt and inter-molt stages. The mechanism of immune regulation during molting process still requires further exploration. Yorkie (Yki) is a pivotal transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway, and it plays an essential role in regulating cell growth and immune response. In the present study, a Yki gene was identified from <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> (designed as <em>Es</em>Yki), and the regulatory role of <em>Es</em>Yki in controlling the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes throughout the molting process was investigated. The mRNA expression level of <em>Es</em>Yki was higher at the pre-molt stage compared to the post-molt stage and inter-molt stage. Following the injection of 20E, there was a notable and consistent rise in the <em>Es</em>Yki mRNA expression in haemocytes. The increase was observed from 3 h to 48 h with the maximum level at 12 h. And the phosphorylation of Yki in the haemocytes was also significantly up-regulated at 3 h post 20E injection. Moreover, the levels of <em>Es</em>Yki mRNA expression at three molting stages were significantly increased post <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> stimulation. The maximum level was detected at post-molt stage following <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em> stimulation, while the lowest level was observed at inter-molt stage. The expression pattern of <em>Es</em>Crus was in contrast to <em>Es</em>Crus. After <em>Es</em>Yki mRNA transcripts were inhibited by Yki inhibitor (CA3), the mRNA expression levels of <em>Es</em>Crus1 and <em>Es</em>Crus2 following <em>A. hydrophila</em> stimulation were significantly elevated. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level of NF-κB was also increased following the inhibition of Yki. Collectively, our findings indicated that <em>Es</em>Yki could be induced by 20E and has a suppressive effect on the expression of <em>Es</em>Crus via inhibiting NF-κB during molting process. This research contributes to the understanding of the immunological regulation mechanism during molting process in crustaceans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transcription factor ATF3 involves in the phagocytosis of granulocytes in oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phagocytosis is a major cellular mechanism for mollusk granulocytes to eliminate nonself substances and dead cells, and thus to preserve the immune homeostasis. The knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms controlling phagocytic capacity is vital to understanding the immune system. In the present study, an ATF3 homolog (<em>Cg</em>ATF3) with a typical bZIP domain was identified in the Pacific oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>. Its highly conserved bZIP domain consisted of two structural features, a basic region for DNA binding and a leucine zipper region for dimerization. Its transcript was found to be abundantly expressed in haemocytes, which was induced by <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> stimulation and recombinant <em>Cg</em>TNF-2 treatment, along with an increase of its protein content in the nucleus. Moreover, <em>Cg</em>ATF3 showed a consistent and specific high expression in granulocytes, and <em>Cg</em>ATF3⁺ granulocytes were characterized morphologically by the largest diameter, smaller nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, and abundant cytoplasmic granules, and functionally by a higher capacity for phagocytosis. When <em>Cg</em>ATF3 expression was inhibited by RNAi, the expression levels of <em>Cg</em>Rab1, <em>Cg</em>Rab33 and <em>Cg</em>Cathepsin L1, as well as the phagocytic rate and index of granulocytes all decreased after <em>V</em>. <em>splendidus</em> stimulation. These results together demonstrated the involvement of <em>Cg</em>ATF3 in regulating the expressions of Rabs and Cathepsin L1, as well as the phagocytosis of granulocytes in oyster <em>C</em>. <em>gigas</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and identification of the head kidney cell line of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) and its application in a virus susceptibility study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The yellowfin seabream (<em>Acanthopagrus latus</em>) is a crucial marine resource owing to its economic significance. <em>Acanthopagrus latus</em> aquaculture faces numerous challenges from viral diseases, but a robust <em>in-vitro</em> research model to understand and address these threats is lacking. Therefore, we developed a novel <em>A. latus</em> cell line from head kidney cells called ALHK¹. This study details the development, characterisation, and viral susceptibility properties of ALHK cells. This cell line primarily comprises fibroblast-like cells and has robust proliferative capacity when cultured at 28 °C in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 10–20% foetal bovine serum. It exhibited remarkable stability after more than 60 consecutive passages and validation through cryopreservation techniques. The specificity of the ALHK cell line's origin from <em>A. latus</em> was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the cytochrome B gene, and a chromosomal karyotype analysis revealed a diploid count of 48 (2n = 48). Furthermore, the lipofection-mediated transfection efficiency using the pEGFP-N3 plasmid was high, at nearly 40%, suggesting that ALHK cells could be used for studies involving exogenous gene manipulation. In addition, ALHK cells displayed heightened sensitivity to the large mouth bass virus (LMBV), substantiated through observations of cytopathic effects, quantitative real-time PCR, and viral titration assays. Finally, the response of ALHK cells to LMBV infection resulted in differentially expressed antiviral genes associated with innate immunity. In conclusion, the ALHK cell line is a dependable <em>in-vitro</em> platform for elucidating the mechanisms of viral diseases in yellowfin seabream. Moreover, this cell line could be valuable for immunology, vaccine development, and host-pathogen interaction studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus subtilis on the growth, immunity, and metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probiotics play an essential role in the largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) aquaculture sector. They aid the fish in sickness prevention, intestinal structure improvement, food absorption, and immune system strengthening. In this experiment, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (BS, 10⁷ CFU/g) and <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> (LR, 10⁷ CFU/g) were added to the feed and then fed to <em>M. salmoides</em> for 35 days. The effects of two probiotics on the growth, immunity, and metabolism of <em>M. salmoides</em> organisms were studied. The results revealed that the BS group significantly increased the growth rate and specific growth rate of <em>M. salmoides</em>, while both the BS and LR groups significantly increase the length of villi <em>M. salmoides</em> intestines. The BS group significantly increased the levels of AKP, T-AOC, and CAT in the blood of <em>M. salmoides</em>, as well as AKP levels in the intestine. Furthermore, the BS group significantly increased the expression of intestinal genes <em>Nrf2</em>, <em>SOD1</em>, <em>GPX</em>, and <em>CAT</em>, while significantly decreasing the expression of the <em>keap1</em> gene. <em>M. salmoides</em> gut microbial analysis showed that the abundance of Planctomycetota was significantly different in both control and experimental groups. Analyzed at the genus level, the abundance of <em>Citrobacter</em>, <em>Paracoccus</em>, <em>Luedemannella</em>， <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> and <em>Xanthomonas</em> in the both control and experimental groups were significantly different. The BS group's differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation pathways in the intestine, indicating that they had a good influence on intestinal metabolism and inflammation suppression. In contrast, differentially expressed genes in the LR group were primarily enriched in the insulin signaling and linoleic acid metabolism pathways, indicating improved intestine metabolic performance. In conclusion, <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>L. reuteri</em> improve the growth and health of <em>M. salmoides</em>, indicating tremendous potential for enhancing intestinal metabolism and providing significant application value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of comparative immunology viewed from the perspective of Xenopus research","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokines – Early vertebrate genes and evolution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characteristics of rhesus macaque interferon-lambda receptor 1 (mmuIFNLR1): Sequence identity, distribution and alteration after simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection in the skin and buccal mucosa","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interferon-lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) is the key to interferon-lambda's biological activities. Rhesus macaques (<em>Macaca mulatta</em>) are supposedly more suitable for translational studies on interferon lambda-associated human diseases, yet little is known about their IFNLR1 (mmuIFNLR1). In this study, we cloned the coding sequence of mmu<em>IFNLR1</em>, examined its variants, and determined the distribution of mmuIFNLR1 mRNA and immunoreactivity in the buccal mucosa and arm skin of normal and immunodeficiency virus (SHIV/SIV) infected rhesus macaques. It was found that mmuIFNLR1 has 93.1% amino acid sequence identity to that of humans; all the amino acid residues of mmuIFNLR1 signal peptide, transmembrane region, PxxLxF motif and those essential for ligand binding are identical to that of humans; 6 variants of mmu<em>IFNLR1</em>, including the ones corresponding to that of humans were detected; IFNLR1 immunoreactivity was localized in primarily the epithelia of buccal mucosa and arm skin; SHIV/SIV infection could affect the levels of mmuIFNLR1 mRNA and immunoreactivity. These data expanded our knowledge on mmu<em>IFNLR1</em> and provided a scientific basis for rational use of rhesus macaques in studies of IFN-λ associated human diseases like AIDS. Future studies testing IFNLR1-targeting therapeutics in rhesus macaques were warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141884121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of amphibian immunology: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Historically, amphibians have been essential to our understanding of vertebrate biology and animal development. Because development from egg to tadpole to adult frog can be directly observed, amphibians contributed greatly to our understanding of not only vertebrate animal development but also the development of the immune system. The South African clawed frog (<em>Xenopus laevis</em>) has been key to many of these findings. For example, using <em>Xenopus</em> as a model, the comparative immunology community learned about the contribution of hematopoietic stem cells to development of the immune system and about the diversity of antibodies, B cells, T cells and antigen presenting cells. Amphibians offer many advantages as unique potential model systems to address questions about immune skin interactions, host responses to mycobacteria, the diverse functions of interferons, and immune and mucosal interactions. However, there are also many challenges to advance the research including the lack of specific reagents and well annotated genomes of diverse species. While much is known, many important questions remain. The aim of this short commentary is to look to the future of comparative immunology of amphibians as a group. By identifying some important questions or “information-deficit” areas of research, I hope to pique the interest of younger developing scientists and persuade funding agencies to continue to support comparative immunology studies including those of amphibians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}