Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization of laao in large yellow croaker and its functional response to Cryptocaryon irritans infection","authors":"Zhou Jiang ,&nbsp;Yue Jiang ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Sijing Chen ,&nbsp;Fei Pu ,&nbsp;Shuimu Hu ,&nbsp;Hongshu Chi ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Peng Xu ,&nbsp;Tao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L-amino acid oxidase (<em>laao</em>) is a key immune factor capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been demonstrated to possess significant antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions in a variety of organisms. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of <em>laao</em> in the immune defense of fish against <em>Cryptocaryon irritans</em> infection. In this study, the <em>laao</em> of large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) was successfully cloned, and its structural and functional characteristics were systematically analyzed. The full-length ORF of large yellow croaker was 1578 bp, encoding 526 amino acids. Structural prediction indicated that the protein possesses typical features of a secretory protein, including a distinct signal peptide region and three potential N-glycosylation sites. The Laao of large yellow croaker shows high conservation at key catalytic residues compared with those of <em>Danio rerio</em> and <em>Bothrops pauloensis</em>. Molecular docking further revealed a clear substrate preference, with hydrophobic amino acids exhibiting the strongest binding affinity, whereas polar substrates showed weaker interactions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>laao</em> is highly conserved among teleosts, showing the highest sequence similarity to <em>Collichthys lucidus</em> (96.57 %) and <em>Nibea albiflora</em> (81.57 %). The tissue expression analysis demonstrated that <em>laao</em> exhibits a tissue-specific expression pattern in large yellow croaker, being mainly expressed in the gills, fins, kidneys, and spleen, with the lowest expression in the brain. Following <em>C. irritans</em> infection, <em>laao</em> expression in the gills and spleen responded rapidly, reaching a peak at 24 h post-infection. However, although <em>laao</em> expression peaked in the skin as early as 12 h post-infection, its expression level was relatively low. The transcriptomic data before and after infection also confirmed that laao was activated upon <em>C. irritans</em> challenge, showing differential expression with an overall upregulation trend. The qRT-PCR results further demonstrated that overexpression of laao significantly altered the expression patterns of immune-related genes (<em>hif1, tnf-α, il-8, il-1β</em> and <em>stat3</em>) were downregulated, while jak1 was upregulated-suggesting that <em>laao</em> may participate in host immune regulation by suppressing inflammatory signaling and activating cytokine-mediated pathways. In summary, this study reveals the structural features of <em>laao</em> and its response characteristics during <em>C. irritans</em> infection, providing a theoretical basis for further understanding the role of large yellow croaker <em>laao</em> in fish immune defense and for developing novel immune prevention and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145803387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomal miRNA-mediated enhancement of hemocyte immunity in Vibrio-stressed blood clam (Anadara granosa)","authors":"Shanjie Zha ,&nbsp;Siyi Huang ,&nbsp;Luxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinguo Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongxing Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Shi ,&nbsp;Yongbo Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exosomes are crucial for intercellular immune communication, but their function in marine bivalve immunity remains poorly understood. This study investigated the immunomodulatory role of hemocyte-derived exosomes in the blood clam <em>Anadara granosa</em> during <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> challenge. Exosomes isolated from hemolymph displayed typical cup-shaped morphology (149–153 nm diameter) and expressed canonical markers (CD63, TSG101). Functional analysis demonstrated that exosomes from <em>Vibrio</em>-challenged clams significantly enhanced hemocyte phagocytosis and reduced bacterial loads. To uncover the underlying mechanism, small RNA sequencing of the exosomal cargo identified 107 differentially expressed miRNAs (56 upregulated, 51 downregulated) upon bacterial challenge. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these miRNAs primarily target genes involved in endocytosis, autophagy, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Notably, quantitative PCR validation confirmed the differential expression of six key miRNAs involved in phagocytosis regulation. These findings provide the first evidence that <em>A. granosa</em> hemocytes utilize exosomal miRNAs to regulate antibacterial response by enhanced phagocytosis. The identified exosomal miRNAs represent promising biomarkers for immune assessment and potential targets for developing RNA-based therapeutics to enhance disease resistance aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145660557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and expression analysis of four toll-like receptors genes: TLR3, TLR4, TLR5M and TLR18 in Spinibarbu hollandi under Aeromonas veronii infection","authors":"Jiangwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenwei Huang ,&nbsp;Weicheng Yang ,&nbsp;Sixun Li ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wu ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihang Xie ,&nbsp;Lilin Zhan ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Jianrong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) central to innate immunity. In teleost fish, TLRs play a pivotal role in defending against diverse microbial invaders, yet their evolutionary adaptation and functional specialization in <em>Spinibarbus hollandi</em> (army fish) remain uncharacterized. This study reports the first molecular cloning and functional analysis of TLR3, TLR4, TLR5M, and TLR18 in <em>S. hollandi</em>. All four TLRs possess conserved intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains and extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. Basal expression profiling reveals distinct tissue specificity: TLR3 and TLR5M are highly expressed in the liver, TLR4 dominates in the brain and eye, and TLR18 shows minimal constitutive expression. After <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> challenge, liver TLR5M is most dramatically upregulated and acts as an early-response core gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirms high homology between <em>S. hollandi</em> TLRs and cyprinid orthologs. Molecular evolutionary analysis identifies positive selection sites in the LRR domains of TLR3 and TLR5M, indicative of adaptive optimization for pathogen recognition. These findings clarify TLR-mediated bacterial immunity in <em>S. hollandi</em> and provide candidate targets for aquaculture disease resistance breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus-like particles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus displaying M2e of influenza A viruses protect White Leghorn chickens against heterologous H9N2 and H5N2 challenges","authors":"Bernard Yi Zhe Thian ,&nbsp;Mohd Nasir Nurul Fatimah ,&nbsp;Abdul Rahman Omar ,&nbsp;Huzlinda Hussin ,&nbsp;Hui Kian Ong ,&nbsp;Chuan Loo Wong ,&nbsp;Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah ,&nbsp;Kok Lian Ho ,&nbsp;Wen Siang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>H9N2 and H5N2 avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) are two of the most widespread and economically damaging subtypes affecting the poultry industry. Controlling these viruses in poultry remains challenging, highlighting the need for a vaccine that can confer broad and effective protection across multiple avian IAV subtypes. Previously, we fused two copies of the matrix 2 ectodomain (M2e) of human and avian IAV (2xhuM2e-2xavM2e) at the C-terminus of <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> nodavirus capsid protein (NvC). This chimeric protein (NvC-2xhuM2e-2xavM2e) self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs), which elicited broad immune responses and activated humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of these chimeric VLPs in White Leghorn chickens against H9N2 and H5N2 infections. Chickens immunized with the chimeric VLPs produced a significant level of M2e antibodies that reacted with the M2e of H9N2 and H5N2 IAVs. Following viral infections, the chimeric VLPs mitigated weight loss in H9N2-infected chickens and alleviated delayed weight gain in H5N2-infected chickens. Furthermore, the chimeric VLPs reduced the clinical signs in immunized chickens challenged with either H9N2 or H5N2 avian IAV. Viral loads in the lung tissues of the immunized chickens were significantly lower compared to the negative control group. The chimeric VLPs also enhanced H9N2 and H5N2 viral clearance, showing a significant reduction in viral shedding in the oropharynges and cloacae of the immunized chickens. Furthermore, the VLPs activated both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which were associated with enhanced viral clearance while reducing lung and tracheal immunopathology. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of the chimeric VLPs as a cross-protective vaccine against both H9N2 and H5N2 infections in poultry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin disrupted mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in porcine intestinal epithelial cells via oxidative stress cascades","authors":"Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Chenlong Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyan Ding ,&nbsp;Shibin Feng ,&nbsp;Xichun Wang ,&nbsp;Jinjie Wu ,&nbsp;Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S) are major contributors to allergic diarrhea and intestinal barrier damage in young animals. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the 7S- and 11S-induced dysfunction of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells via the oxidative stress pathway. The results showed that 7S- and 11S-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the following findings: reduced manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity and elevated 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and elevated Ca²⁺ levels; decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), damaged mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) structure; up-regulated the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) and mitochondrial Rho-GTPase 1 (Miro1), while inositol 1,4,5 -trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), mitofusin2 (MFN2) and phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS2) were down-regulated. N-acetylcysteine (NAC)pre-treatment alleviated ROS accumulation and mitigated Ca²⁺ overload and MAM dysfunction, thereby ameliorating IPEC-J2 cell injury. In conclusion, 7S- and 11S-induced ROS burst to disrupt mitochondria-ER interaction homeostasis, leading to MAM structural damage and calcium dysregulation in IPEC-J2 cells, NAC effectively mitigated this process by scavenging ROS. These findings elucidate the critical involvement of subcellular organelle interaction disorders in food allergy pathogenesis and provide novel insights for targeted intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145539480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NKp46 identifies a subset of goat leukocytes with phenotypic and functional characteristics of natural killer cells","authors":"Mahmoud M. Elnaggar ,&nbsp;Amany Hassan ,&nbsp;Gaber S. Abdellrazeq ,&nbsp;Asmaa H. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;William C. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural killer (NK) cells are the first discovered member of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that play a pivotal role in host defense. They were initially identified by their ability to nonspecifically lyse certain tumor and virally infected cells. What is known about NK cells in species other than humans and mice is limited. The progress that has been made is through development and use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to NKp46 (NCR1, CD335), a major NK cell-activating receptor that has been used as a marker to identify leukocytes with NK cell characteristics in cattle, sheep, buffaloes, pigs, horses and dogs. As described herein, the finding that the mAb that recognizes sheep and cattle NKp46 recognizes the orthologue in goats has provided an opportunity to identify a subset of leukocytes with phenotypic and functional characteristics of NK cells in goats, a profile consistent with NK cell features reported in other animal species. The study expands opportunities to conduct comparative studies on NK cells across different species and underscores the potential use of goats as an animal model in investigating NK cell biology in health and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145539425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injection of Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf extract enhances physiological and immune responses in Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Pei-Hsuan Lee ,&nbsp;Cheng-Ying Li ,&nbsp;Li-Yang Hsu ,&nbsp;Liwei Liu ,&nbsp;Hsin-Wei Kuo ,&nbsp;Winton Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the immunomodulatory and physiological effects of <em>Cinnamomum osmophloeum</em> leaf extract (CE) in <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> through injection. Three doses (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 μg prawn⁻¹) were administered, and immune responses were monitored within 48 h. The medium dose (CE3.0) consistently elevated total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte count (DHC) from 12 to 24 h post-injection, while phenoloxidase (PO) activity significantly increased at 24 h in CE3.0 and at 48 h in CE1.5. Enhanced respiratory burst (RBs), phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity, and bacterial clearance were also observed, particularly in CE3.0, which significantly improved survival against <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em> at 168 h post-infection. Although CE3.0 and CE6.0 induced transient hyperglycemia at 12 h, glucose levels normalized thereafter, and no significant changes in lactate levels were detected. These results demonstrate that <em>C. osmophloeum</em> extract can enhance innate immunity and disease resistance in <em>M. rosenbergii</em>. As a preliminary investigation, this study provides foundational data for future development of <em>C. osmophloeum</em> leaf extract as a potential immunostimulant feed additive in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145500309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization of T-cell kinases Lck1 and ZAP-70 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through homology modeling","authors":"Francisco Bravo ,&nbsp;Camila Kossack ,&nbsp;Claudia Galleguillos-Becerra ,&nbsp;Antonella Galleguillos-Becerra ,&nbsp;Ricardo Fernández ,&nbsp;Kevin Maisey","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling is well defined in mammals but remains underexplored in teleosts such as rainbow trout. The proximal tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP-70 initiate signaling by phosphorylating and decoding CD3 ITAM motifs. In rainbow trout, two sequences have been annotated for each kinase; their functional relevance is unclear.</div><div>We combined multiple sequence alignments, homology modeling (SWISS-MODEL), and structure quality checks (VERIFY3D, Ramachandran) with peptide–protein docking of CD3ζ ITAMs and structural superposition against active ZAP-70 (PDB <span><span>4XZ1</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) to infer residue-level mechanisms for trout Lck1 and ZAP-70.</div><div>In Lck1, the residues corresponding to human Y394 and Y505 (trout Y388 and Y499) are predicted to stabilize active and inactive conformations, respectively, supporting a conserved regulatory switch. For ZAP-70, Arg38 and Arg191 are predicted to form the canonical phosphotyrosine-binding pockets required for CD3ζ ITAM engagement. A trout-specific Phe310 at the interdomain interface may favor the autoinhibited state, thereby attenuating kinase activation, suggesting evolutionary fine-tuning. Docking indicated that Lck1 engages the CD3ζ ITAM in a human-like manner, whereas productive ZAP-70 binding required the activation-associated rearrangement seen in 4XZ1, consistent with mammalian mechanisms.</div><div>These <em>in silico</em> analyses provide a structural framework for proximal TCR signaling in teleosts. Trout Lck1 harbors the elements needed to initiate ITAM phosphorylation, and ZAP-70 retains key features of ITAM recognition, with Phe310 potentially modulating activation. Experimental validation will be important to test these predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Sarcodia suieae hydrocolloid supplementation elevates quercetin levels and modulates metabolic and immune pathways in the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Insights from integrated omics analyses","authors":"Chia-Hong Cheng,&nbsp;Po-Kai Pan,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary <em>Sarcodia suieae</em> (<em>S. suieae</em>) hydrocolloid supplementation on the hepatopancreatic physiology of the freshwater prawn <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> (<em>M. rosenbergii</em>). Experimental diets were formulated to contain 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % <em>S. suieae</em> hydrocolloid. This multi-omics approach revealed significant molecular alterations in the hepatopancreas in response to the dietary treatments.</div><div>Metabolomic profiling identified distinct changes in key metabolites. Notably, quercetin levels were significantly elevated (log2foldchange &gt;4, p &lt; 0.05) across all hydrocolloid-supplemented groups (5 %, 10 %, and 20 % compared to control), suggesting that <em>S. suieae</em> hydrocolloid effectively enhances the accumulation of this potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound in the prawn. Conversely, certain amino acids like L-Allothreonine and L-Proline, and compounds such as 5-Aminopentanoic acid and Niclosamide, were significantly downregulated.</div><div>Pathway enrichment analysis (KEGG) of the transcriptome and metabolome data provided deeper insights into the affected biological processes. Highly significant pathwaysincluded Thiamine metabolism, and Starch and sucrose metabolism, which also appeared in the 5 % comparison but potentially with different enrichment characteristics. Other prominent enriched pathways were Salivary secretion, Renin-angiotensin system, and pathways related to Phagosome and Lysosome. Metabolic pathways like Cholesterol metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, and Apoptosis were also significantly impacted, suggesting a broader and potentially more severe or different physiological response at the higher concentration.</div><div>The enrichment of autophagy and apoptosis pathways at higher concentrations suggests a significant impact on cellular turnover and stress responses, potentially contributing to adaptation or maintaining cellular homeostasis under the influence of the hydrocolloid. These integrated omics findings elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms by which <em>S. suieae</em> hydrocolloid influences the hepatopancreatic health and metabolic regulation in <em>M. rosenbergii</em>, providing valuable insights for the development of novel functional feeds in sustainable aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of Micropterus salmoides galectin-3 (MsGal-3B): a multifunctional immune effector with agglutination and antibacterial activities","authors":"Ying Ye ,&nbsp;Ce Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengyue Guo ,&nbsp;Siyi She ,&nbsp;Shun Yang ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Huang ,&nbsp;Hui Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Galectins are evolutionarily conserved lectins that play pivotal roles in innate immunity. In this study, we functionally characterized a novel chimera-type galectin-3 homolog from largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>), designated MsGal-3B. The open reading frame of MsGal-3B encodes a 258-amino acid protein containing a canonical carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and an N-terminal non-lectin region, typical of galectin-3 family members. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MsGal-3B clusters with galectin-3 orthologs from Perciformes, suggesting functional conservation within this order. Recombinant MsGal-3B (rMsGal-3B) exhibited strong affinity for peptidoglycan (PGN) and β-glucan (GLU), and weak interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microbial binding assays revealed broad recognition across Gram-positive bacteria (<em>Micrococcus luteus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>), Gram-negative bacteria (<em>Aeromonas veronii</em>, <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>), and fungi (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, <em>Pichia pastoris</em>). Notably, rMsGal-3B selectively agglutinated <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>M. luteus</em>, but not <em>A. veronii</em> or <em>S. cerevisiae</em>, indicating ligand-dependent functional specificity. rMsGal-3B significantly suppressed the proliferation of <em>E. coli</em>, <em>M. luteus</em>, and <em>S. cerevisiae</em>, while showing no inhibitory effect on <em>A. veronii</em>, suggesting a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial profile. Additionally, rMsGal-3B exhibited hemagglutination activity, implying a potential role in host cell recognition or immune modulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that MsGal-3B functions as a multifunctional immune effector in <em>M. salmoides</em>, capable of selective microbial recognition, agglutination, and targeted antimicrobial activity. This study provides new insights into the role of teleost galectins in innate immunity and highlights their potential as molecular targets for disease control in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}