Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"The future of comparative immunology","authors":"Louis Du Pasquier","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>« Prediction is very difficult, especially if it is about the future of comparative immunology” could one say to paraphrase Niels Bohr. Yet, if one avoids mistakes of the past and fashions, if one remains ready to welcome surprises an do not to get drowned in big data while profiting from new technologies, if one keeps common sense between expanding and restricting one's scope of investigation in front of the enormous diversity of the tree of life, comparative immunologists are going, in new areas of research and with new tools, to keep contributing enormously to immunology. They will reveal, with the eyes open to homologies and analogies among multiple species, more variations on the theme of immunity and will put the human immune system in perspective a necessary situation to face the questions that remain to be answered in order to improve health or to understand evolution of immune systems. There will always be room in comparative immunology for fundamental approaches to these subjects. A proper education, aimed at combining competences, will be essential to achieve these goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145305X24001125/pdfft?md5=c3994471c161dde5912cfd13b10cf57e&pid=1-s2.0-S0145305X24001125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SRP54 of black carp negatively regulates MDA5-mediated antiviral innate immunity","authors":"Jixiang Chu,&nbsp;Yixia Chen,&nbsp;Yanfang Wu,&nbsp;Wei Qin,&nbsp;Jun Yan,&nbsp;Jun Xiao,&nbsp;Hao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Signal Recognition Particle 54 kDa (SRP54) is a subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP), a cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complex guiding the transportation of newly synthesized proteins from polyribosomes to endoplasmic reticulum. In mammals, it has been reported to regulate the RLR signaling pathway negatively by impairing the association between MAVS and MDA5/RIG-I. However, the role of SRP54 in teleost antiviral innate immune response remains obscure. In this study, the SRP54 homolog of black carp (bcSRP54) has been cloned, and its function in antiviral innate immunity has been elucidated. The CDS of <em>bcSRP54</em> gene consists of 1515 nucleotides and encodes 504 amino acids. Immunofluorescence (IF) showed that bcSRP54 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. Overexpressed bcSRP54 significantly reduced bcMDA5-mediated transcription of interferon (IFN) promoter in reporter assay. Co-expression of bcSRP54 and bcMDA5 significantly suppressed bcMDA5-mediated IFN signaling and antiviral activity, while bcSRP54 knockdown increased the antiviral ability of host cells. In addition, the results of the immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the subcellular overlapping between bcSRP54 and bcMDA5, and the co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiment identified their association. Furthermore, the over-expression of bcSRP54 did not influence the protein expression and ubiquitination modification level of bcMDA5, however, hindered the binding of bcMDA5 to bcMAVS. In summary, our results conclude that bcSRP54 targets bcMDA5 and inhibits the interaction between bcMDA5 and bcMAVS, thereby negatively regulating antiviral innate immunity, which provides insight into how teleost SRP54 regulates IFN signaling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dragon fruit-derived oligosaccharides alter hemocyte-mediated immunity and expression of genes related to innate immunity and oxidative stress in Daphnia magna","authors":"Thanwarat Sangkuanun ,&nbsp;Chittipong Tipbunjong ,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Kato ,&nbsp;Hajime Watanabe ,&nbsp;Saranya Peerakietkhajorn","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) is an indigestible prebiotic that enhances the growth and reproduction of <em>Daphnia magna</em>, increases the expression of genes involved in immunity, and reduces oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of DFO on the expression of innate immunity- (<em>Toll</em>, <em>Pelle</em>, <em>proPO</em>, <em>A2M</em>, and <em>CTL</em>), oxidative stress- (<em>Mn-SOD</em>), and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis-related genes (<em>NOS1</em>, <em>NOS2</em>, and <em>arginase</em>) as well as NO localization and number of hemocytes in <em>D</em>. <em>magna</em>. For this ten-day-old <em>D. magna</em> were treated with 0 or 9 mg l⁻¹ of DFO for 24 and 85 h. Gene expression levels, NO intensity and localization, and total hemocytes were evaluated. After 24 h, the expression of <em>Toll</em> and <em>proPO</em> increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05), while that of C-type lectins (CTL) was reduced (p &lt; 0.05). At 85 h, <em>Mn-SOD</em> and <em>CTL</em> expressions were markedly suppressed (p &lt; 0.05). NO was mostly localized in the foregut, midgut, hindgut, and carapace. The expression of <em>NOS1</em> was reduced after 24 h (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, NO intensity at 24 h was insignificantly lower than the control (p &gt; 0.05). At 85 h, the expression of <em>NOS1, NOS2</em>, and <em>arginase</em> was higher than control, but NO intensity did not differ significantly (p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, the total hemocyte count elevated remarkably at 85 h (p &lt; 0.05). Our study suggested that 9 mg l⁻¹ of DFO could alter the expression of the genes related to innate immunity, oxidative stress, and NO synthesis in <em>D. magna</em> and significantly stimulate hemocyte production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and gene expression of pattern recognition receptors in brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) fingerlings responding to vibriosis infection","authors":"Norfarrah Mohamed Alipiah ,&nbsp;Annas Salleh ,&nbsp;Nur Maisarah Sarizan ,&nbsp;Natrah Ikhsan","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pathogen recognition system involves receptors and genes that play a crucial role in activating innate immune response in brown-marbled grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em>) as a control agent against various infections including vibriosis. Here, we report the molecular cloning of partial open reading frames, sequences characterization, and expression profiles of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in brown-marbled grouper. The PRRs, namely <em>pglyrp5</em>, <em>tlr5</em>, <em>ctlD,</em> and <em>ctlE</em> in brown-marbled grouper, possess conserved domains and showed shared evolutionary relationships with other fishes, humans, mammals, birds, reptilians, amphibians, and insects. In infection experiments, up to 50% mortality was found in brown-marbled grouper fingerlings infected with <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> compared to 27% mortality infected <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> and 100% survival of control groups. It is also demonstrated that all four PRRs had higher expression in samples infected with <em>V. alginolyticus</em> compared to <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. This PRRs gene expression analysis revealed that all four PRRs expressed rapidly at 4-h post-inoculation even though the <em>Vibrio</em> count was only detected earliest at 12-h post-inoculation in samples. The highest expression recorded was from <em>V</em>. <em>alginolyticus</em> inoculated fish spleen with up to 73-fold change for <em>pglyrp5</em> gene, followed by 14 to 38-fold expression for the same treatment in spleen, head kidney, and blood samples for other PRRs, namely <em>tlr5</em>, <em>ctlD,</em> and <em>ctlE</em> genes. Meanwhile less than a 10% increase in expression of all four genes was detected in spleen, head kidney, and blood samples inoculated with <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. These findings indicated that <em>pglyrp5</em>, <em>tlr5</em>, <em>ctlD,</em> and <em>ctlE</em> play important roles in the early immune response to vibriosis infected, brown-marbled grouper fingerlings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel chicken γδ TCR-specific marker","authors":"Veronika E.M. Drexel ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Göbel ,&nbsp;Simon P. Früh","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chickens are a species with a high number of γδ T cells in various tissues. Despite their abundance, γδ T cells are poorly characterized in chickens, partially due to a lack of specific reagents to characterize these cells. Up until now, the TCR1 clone has been the only γδ T cell-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) in chickens and additional reagents for γδ T cell subsets are needed. In order to address this issue, new mAb were generated in our laboratory by immunizing mice with <em>in vitro</em> cultured γδ T cells. In an initial flow cytometric screen a new mAb, clone “8D2”, displayed an interesting staining pattern that mirrored γδ TCR up- and downregulation in the γδ T cell line D4 over time, prompting us to characterize this antibody further. We compared the expression of the unknown 8D2 epitope in combination with TCR1 staining across various primary cells. In splenocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, 8D2 consistently labeled a subset of TCR1⁺ cells. To determine, whether specific γδ T cell receptors were recognized by 8D2, we sorted γδ T cells according to their 8D2 and TCR1 expression and analyzed their TCR V(D)J gene usage by TCR profiling. Strikingly, sorted 8D2⁺ cells preferentially expressed Vγ3 genes, whereas the TCR Vγ genes used by TCR1⁺ 8D2^- cells were more variable. γδ TCR in 8D2⁺ cells were most frequently comprised of gamma chain VJ genes TRGV3-8 and TRGJ3, and delta chain VDJ genes TRDV1-2, TRDD2, TRDJ1. To confirm binding of 8D2 to specific γδ TCR, the preferentially utilized combination of TRG and TRD was expressed in HEK293 cells in combination with CD3, demonstrating surface binding of the 8D2 mAb to this Vγ3 γδ TCR-expressing cell line. Conversely, HEK293 cells expressing either Vγ1 or Vγ2 TCR did not react with 8D2. In conclusion, 8D2 is a novel tool for identifying specific Vγ3 bearing γδ T cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145305X24001228/pdfft?md5=a69b229c9846deca8c39ad870a388c55&pid=1-s2.0-S0145305X24001228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish IL-26 collaborates with IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 to enhance gut mucosal barrier during the antibacterial innate immunity","authors":"Qiongyao Zeng ,&nbsp;Ye Yang ,&nbsp;Yujun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Li ,&nbsp;Pingyuan Li ,&nbsp;Zejun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>IL-26 is a cytokine that is crucial for the maintenance and function of the gut mucosal barrier. IL-26 signaling pathway relies on a heterodimeric receptor complex, which is composed of two distinct subunits, IL-10R2 and IL-20R1. However, there are no reports on the antibacterial immunity of IL-26 and its receptors in fish. For this purpose, in this study we identified IL-26 and its receptors IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 in <em>Carassius cuvieri</em> × <em>Carassius auratus</em> red var. (named WR-IL-26, WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the conservation of these genes, with shared structural motifs similar to those found in higher vertebrates. Upon exposure to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, a common fish pathogen, there was a significant upregulation of <em>WR-IL-26</em>, <em>WR-IL10R2</em> and <em>WR-IL20R1</em> in the gut, indicating a potential role in the immune response to infection. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that WR-IL-26 formed complexes with WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1. <em>In vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that administration of WR-IL-26 activated the JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway and protected the gut mucosa barrier from <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection. Conversely, silencing WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1 via RNA interference significantly attenuated the activation of WR-IL-26-mediated JAK1-STAT3 pathway. These results provided new insights into the role of IL-26 and its receptors in the gut mucosa barrier and could offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yorkie negatively regulates the Crustin expression during molting in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Yuting Xi ,&nbsp;Jialin Li ,&nbsp;Zihao Wu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Ma ,&nbsp;Jiaming Li ,&nbsp;Zhichao Yang ,&nbsp;Fengchi Wang ,&nbsp;Dazuo Yang ,&nbsp;Yusheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qilin Yi ,&nbsp;Shu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molting is a key biological process of crustaceans, which is mainly regulated by 20-hydroxyecdyone (20E). The molting cycle could be divided into three main stages including pre-molt, post-molt and inter-molt stages. The mechanism of immune regulation during molting process still requires further exploration. Yorkie (Yki) is a pivotal transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway, and it plays an essential role in regulating cell growth and immune response. In the present study, a Yki gene was identified from <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> (designed as <em>Es</em>Yki), and the regulatory role of <em>Es</em>Yki in controlling the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes throughout the molting process was investigated. The mRNA expression level of <em>Es</em>Yki was higher at the pre-molt stage compared to the post-molt stage and inter-molt stage. Following the injection of 20E, there was a notable and consistent rise in the <em>Es</em>Yki mRNA expression in haemocytes. The increase was observed from 3 h to 48 h with the maximum level at 12 h. And the phosphorylation of Yki in the haemocytes was also significantly up-regulated at 3 h post 20E injection. Moreover, the levels of <em>Es</em>Yki mRNA expression at three molting stages were significantly increased post <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> stimulation. The maximum level was detected at post-molt stage following <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila</em> stimulation, while the lowest level was observed at inter-molt stage. The expression pattern of <em>Es</em>Crus was in contrast to <em>Es</em>Crus. After <em>Es</em>Yki mRNA transcripts were inhibited by Yki inhibitor (CA3), the mRNA expression levels of <em>Es</em>Crus1 and <em>Es</em>Crus2 following <em>A. hydrophila</em> stimulation were significantly elevated. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level of NF-κB was also increased following the inhibition of Yki. Collectively, our findings indicated that <em>Es</em>Yki could be induced by 20E and has a suppressive effect on the expression of <em>Es</em>Crus via inhibiting NF-κB during molting process. This research contributes to the understanding of the immunological regulation mechanism during molting process in crustaceans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transcription factor ATF3 involves in the phagocytosis of granulocytes in oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Miren Dong ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Xuemei Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiajun Zuo ,&nbsp;Weilin Wang ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phagocytosis is a major cellular mechanism for mollusk granulocytes to eliminate nonself substances and dead cells, and thus to preserve the immune homeostasis. The knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms controlling phagocytic capacity is vital to understanding the immune system. In the present study, an ATF3 homolog (<em>Cg</em>ATF3) with a typical bZIP domain was identified in the Pacific oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>. Its highly conserved bZIP domain consisted of two structural features, a basic region for DNA binding and a leucine zipper region for dimerization. Its transcript was found to be abundantly expressed in haemocytes, which was induced by <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> stimulation and recombinant <em>Cg</em>TNF-2 treatment, along with an increase of its protein content in the nucleus. Moreover, <em>Cg</em>ATF3 showed a consistent and specific high expression in granulocytes, and <em>Cg</em>ATF3⁺ granulocytes were characterized morphologically by the largest diameter, smaller nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, and abundant cytoplasmic granules, and functionally by a higher capacity for phagocytosis. When <em>Cg</em>ATF3 expression was inhibited by RNAi, the expression levels of <em>Cg</em>Rab1, <em>Cg</em>Rab33 and <em>Cg</em>Cathepsin L1, as well as the phagocytic rate and index of granulocytes all decreased after <em>V</em>. <em>splendidus</em> stimulation. These results together demonstrated the involvement of <em>Cg</em>ATF3 in regulating the expressions of Rabs and Cathepsin L1, as well as the phagocytosis of granulocytes in oyster <em>C</em>. <em>gigas</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and identification of the head kidney cell line of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) and its application in a virus susceptibility study","authors":"Hui-Yuan Yang ,&nbsp;Ke-Cheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Hua-Yang Guo ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bao-Suo Liu ,&nbsp;Lin Xian ,&nbsp;Teng-Fei Zhu ,&nbsp;Ran Guo ,&nbsp;Dian-Chang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The yellowfin seabream (<em>Acanthopagrus latus</em>) is a crucial marine resource owing to its economic significance. <em>Acanthopagrus latus</em> aquaculture faces numerous challenges from viral diseases, but a robust <em>in-vitro</em> research model to understand and address these threats is lacking. Therefore, we developed a novel <em>A. latus</em> cell line from head kidney cells called ALHK¹. This study details the development, characterisation, and viral susceptibility properties of ALHK cells. This cell line primarily comprises fibroblast-like cells and has robust proliferative capacity when cultured at 28 °C in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 10–20% foetal bovine serum. It exhibited remarkable stability after more than 60 consecutive passages and validation through cryopreservation techniques. The specificity of the ALHK cell line's origin from <em>A. latus</em> was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the cytochrome B gene, and a chromosomal karyotype analysis revealed a diploid count of 48 (2n = 48). Furthermore, the lipofection-mediated transfection efficiency using the pEGFP-N3 plasmid was high, at nearly 40%, suggesting that ALHK cells could be used for studies involving exogenous gene manipulation. In addition, ALHK cells displayed heightened sensitivity to the large mouth bass virus (LMBV), substantiated through observations of cytopathic effects, quantitative real-time PCR, and viral titration assays. Finally, the response of ALHK cells to LMBV infection resulted in differentially expressed antiviral genes associated with innate immunity. In conclusion, the ALHK cell line is a dependable <em>in-vitro</em> platform for elucidating the mechanisms of viral diseases in yellowfin seabream. Moreover, this cell line could be valuable for immunology, vaccine development, and host-pathogen interaction studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus subtilis on the growth, immunity, and metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Chong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Hu ,&nbsp;Huijuan Tang ,&nbsp;Wei Ge ,&nbsp;Lijun Di ,&nbsp;Jixing Zou ,&nbsp;Zongbin Cui ,&nbsp;Aiguo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2024.105241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probiotics play an essential role in the largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) aquaculture sector. They aid the fish in sickness prevention, intestinal structure improvement, food absorption, and immune system strengthening. In this experiment, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (BS, 10⁷ CFU/g) and <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> (LR, 10⁷ CFU/g) were added to the feed and then fed to <em>M. salmoides</em> for 35 days. The effects of two probiotics on the growth, immunity, and metabolism of <em>M. salmoides</em> organisms were studied. The results revealed that the BS group significantly increased the growth rate and specific growth rate of <em>M. salmoides</em>, while both the BS and LR groups significantly increase the length of villi <em>M. salmoides</em> intestines. The BS group significantly increased the levels of AKP, T-AOC, and CAT in the blood of <em>M. salmoides</em>, as well as AKP levels in the intestine. Furthermore, the BS group significantly increased the expression of intestinal genes <em>Nrf2</em>, <em>SOD1</em>, <em>GPX</em>, and <em>CAT</em>, while significantly decreasing the expression of the <em>keap1</em> gene. <em>M. salmoides</em> gut microbial analysis showed that the abundance of Planctomycetota was significantly different in both control and experimental groups. Analyzed at the genus level, the abundance of <em>Citrobacter</em>, <em>Paracoccus</em>, <em>Luedemannella</em>， <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> and <em>Xanthomonas</em> in the both control and experimental groups were significantly different. The BS group's differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation pathways in the intestine, indicating that they had a good influence on intestinal metabolism and inflammation suppression. In contrast, differentially expressed genes in the LR group were primarily enriched in the insulin signaling and linoleic acid metabolism pathways, indicating improved intestine metabolic performance. In conclusion, <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>L. reuteri</em> improve the growth and health of <em>M. salmoides</em>, indicating tremendous potential for enhancing intestinal metabolism and providing significant application value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}